 Assuming you live in the primitive time of
our history. You were a datu of a barangay and
you had been in your land of occupation for
so many years. When the Spaniards came,
they claimed that your land had now been
under their custody by virtue of a land title
coming from the King of Spain. What will be
your measures of justification indicating that
you are the right owner of your land? In what
instances will your situation have the
advantage if your case is subsequently filed
on court under the Spanish reign? Explain
your answers. (minimum of 8 sentences)
process of
redistributing
land from the
landlords to
tenant-farmers
Is part of
agrarian reform
 total development of the farmer’s
economic, social and political
transformation
 rectification (modification) of the
whole system of agriculture.
 done by the government
 Security of tenure and fair system
of rental payments
 Adequate credit
 Cooperative marketing
 Agricultural
investment
 Maura Law (1894 decree):
 granted landholders to secure
legal title to their land or
suffer its forfeiture
 Filipino peasants, either
because of ignorance of the
processes of the law or the
inability to comprehend the
Spanish-written instructions,
failed to respond immediately
 Mortgage System
 If the peasant-borrower failed
to repay the creditor, his land
would be forfeited.
Tribute (taxes)
Polo (forced labor)
Encomienda (land grant)
1) Torrens System of Land
Registration
2)The Land Registration Act of 1902
3)The Public Land Act of 1903
4)The Cadastral Act of 1903
5)The Friar Lands Act of 1904
Torrens System of Land Registration
 Enforcing the
registration of lands
and issuance of
certificates of land
title granted by the
court after
appropriate
proceedings.
The Land Registration Act of 1902
 Landlords expanded
their landholdings by
simply registering and
acquiring Torrens titles
to untilled lands.
 The farmers,
unaware of this law,
were either expelled by
the new landowners or
became their tenants.
The Public Land Act of 1903
 Offered plots not in excess of
16 hectares to families who had
occupied and cultivated the land
they were residing on since
August 1, 1898.
 Plots of the same size were
promised to those who would be
willing to relocate on lands of
public domain in other less
densely populated parts of the
country.
 The caciques took advantage of
this.
The Cadastral Act of 1903
 cadastral survey, the
government redefined
the lands that will be
classified as private
or public.
 Unschooled peasants
lost their lands
massively to those who
are familiar with the
processes of this law.
The Friar Lands Act of 1904
 Provided the terms and
conditions on the sale and
lease of purchased friar
estates of 410,000 hectares
 Land estates were offered
for sale to the actual tenanttillers at an interest of 8%
for a 25 year period.
 By 1919, about 69% of all
friar lands had been bought
 the Rice Share Tenancy Act of 1933
 better tenant-landlord relationship, a 50-
50 sharing of the crop, regulation of
interest to 10% per agricultural year, and
a safeguard against arbitrary dismissal
by the landlord.
 Problem:
 could be used only when the majority
of the municipal councils in a
province petitioned for it.
 landowners usually controlled such
council
 Hukbo ng Bayan
Laban sa Hapon
(HUKBALAHAP)
 Took upon the cause of
peasants against the
landlords, who often
collaborated with the
Japanese to maintain
their position
 Also proclaimed the
Rice Share Tenancy
Act of 1933
 Provided a 70-30
sharing
arrangements and
regulated sharetenancy contracts
 Objectives of his
administration: economic
reconstruction and
restoration of faith and
confidence of the people
to the government
 He did not make any
agrarian reform law
 He continued the
agrarian reform policy of
his predecessor
 The Agricultural Tenancy Act of 1954
 Allowed tenants to shift from share tenancy to
leasehold
 This act prohibited the ejection of tenants,
unless the Court of Agrarian Relations found a
just cause.
 The Land Reform Act of 1955
 Provided for the expropriation of private
agricultural land over 300 hectares of
contiguous areas, if owned by individuals.
 Problem:
 it prohibited the possession of lands less
than the stated limits.
 Exempted many landowners who had large
but parceled out landholdings.
 law allowed only the possession of lands
when the majority of tenants petitioned for
land purchase
did not make
any law or
major
pronouncemen
ts on agrarian
reform
Agricultural Land
Reform Code of 1963
 law lowered the retention
limit to 75 hectares (on
private farmlands)
 share-tenancy or the
“kasama” system was
prohibited.
 assured agricultural
workers the right to selforganization and to a
minimum wage.
 Implemented the
Agricultural Land
Reform Code of
Macapagal
 No Agrarian Law was
made
Amendments to the
Agricultural Land
Reform Code of 1971
 Conversion to residential
subdivision as grounds for
the ejection of tenants was
abolished
 Creation of the
Department of Agrarian
Reform (DAR)
 Presidential Decree No. 2,
declaring the entire Philippines as a
land reform area
 Tenant Emancipation Act
 transferred the ownership of the
land to the tenants who tilled it
 Presidential Decree No. 27
 Landlords who owned more than
seven hectares of land had to sell
the excess to the DAR, which in
turn sells these to the landless
farmers tilling the land
 exempted all landholdings planted
with export crops.
 Land Bank of the Philippines as a
financing arm
 Unveiled the Comprehensive Agrarian
Reform Program (CARP) which is governed
by the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform
Law of 1988.
 correct landlordism and unjust land
distribution in a span of ten years
 By: loan extensions, supply of
agricultural infrastructures, legal
assistance, research and training
services
 To encourage landowners to shift their
capital to other investments
 There will be more economic activities that
will encourage people to remain the
countryside instead of going to Manila or
other Urban Centers
 Covers all lands (public and private) as long as they are fit for
any agricultural activity
 Regular Farmer that is
landless/ tenant and
is employed by an
agricultural
enterprise
 Is able to make the
soil productive
 land to be awarded
should not be more
than 3 hectares
30 ANNUAL
AMMORTIZATION
AT 6% INTEREST
RATE PER ANNUM!
CERTIFICATE OF
LAND OWNERSHIP
AWARDS (CLOAS)
 The DAR publishes its intent to acquire land in local
newspapers, and notifies the landowners of the amount
which will be offered to him as compensation for the
land.
 Payment to landowners:
 25% cash and 75% government bonds for above 50
hectares
 30% cash and 70% government bonds for above 24 –
50 hectares
 35% cash and 65% government bonds for 24 hectares
and below.
 Payments are made in 10 years at 10% interest per
annum.
 TLV = MV + AMV + DV
3
 TLV: total land value
 MV: market value, which refers to the latest and comparable
transactions within the municipality/ province/ region
 AMV: assessors market value, which refers to the assessment
made by the government assessors
 DV: declared value, which refers to the landowner’s
declaration
 In no case this declaration shall not exceed 200% of the average
of the MV and AMV
 speeded up the implementation of




CARP.
From January to December 1997, the
DAR distributed 206, 612 hectares
since 1987, the DAR had distributed a
total of 2.66 million hectares
benefited almost 1.8 million tenantfarmers.
Ramos signed the REPUBLIC ACT NO.
8532- AN ACT STRENGTHENING
FURTHER THE COMPREHENSIVE
AGRARIAN REFORM PROGRAM
(CARP) to amend the CARL.
 extending the program to another
10 years.
 Magkabalikat para sa
Kaunlarang Agraryo
(MAGSASAKA)
 encourage foreign
investments to the
agricultural sector
and help farmers to
learn advanced
technology in crop
 6 million out of the 8.1 million hectares
of public lands targeted for distribution
were actually distributed.
 Signing of the Comprehensive Agrarian
Reform Program Extension and
Reforms (CARPER)
 Extended the CARL to five more
years and allocated more funds for the
implementation of the CARP.
 CARP will continue even when all
landless farmers have owned a piece of
agricultural land
 CLEAR POLICY AGAINST
CONVERSION OF AGRICULTURAL
LANDS
FARM TO MARKET ROADS
IRRIGATION SYSTEM
FLOOD CONTROL PROJECTS
 Open and Voluntary Membership
 DEMOCRATIC CONTROL
LIMITED INTEREST IN
CAPITAL
 EDUCATION, TRAINING, AND INFORMATION
By adopting the proper means, man may by
FATHER
OF
COOPERATIVE
degrees
be trained
to live
in any part of the world
without poverty,MOVEMENT
without crime, and without
punishment
associations of workers financed
Workers could solve their problems
by the state and controlled by
only by revolutionary action
the workers
harmony can
Theory of Four
flourish only when
Movements
the restraints that
(Fourierism) –
conventional social
belief in a universal
behavior places
principle of
upon the full
harmony (universe,
gratification of
organic life,
desire have been
animal life,
abolished, allowing
human society)
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Credit Cooperatives
Consumer’s Cooperatives
Producer’s Cooperatives
Marketing Cooperatives
Service Cooperatives
Multi-purpose Cooperatives
COMMON
FUND
Pooling of resources together in order to
procure and distribute commodities to
members and non-members at low prices.
production, procuring raw materials and other
supplies in the production processes and
marketing the products individually produced by
the members.
Its functions are processing, packing, storing,
financing, grading, and distributing other
than the actual selling of farm products