ELECTROMAGNETIC
SPECTRUM
LIGHT
RADIO------------------------------------------------GAMMA
PIGMENTS ABSORB AND REFLECT
DIFFERENT WAVELENGTHS OF LIGHT
CHLOROPHYLL IS A PIGMENT
THERE ARE 3 FORMS: a, b, c
CHLOROPHYLL a CAPTURES AND
USES
RED AND VIOLET LIGHT THE BEST
Blue light can travel deeper into
and around water molecules than
other wavelengths.
ACCESSORY PIGMENTS capture other
wavelengths of light and pass this energy
on into the electron transport system of
photosynthesis
• Most contain the pigment chlorophyll and
carry out photosynthesis
• If they have flagella, they are called
flagellates (phytoflagellates)
• Algae-like protists:
– Euglenophyta
– Chrysophyta
– Bacillariophyta
– Pyrrophyta
• Resemble Zoomastigina
• Euglena
– 2 flagella out of pouch (gullet)
– Euglenoid fashion of movement – distinctly
animal-like
– Red eyespot – finds sunlight- autotroph
– Finds food in dark- heterotroph/saprophyte
– No cell wall (plants have cell walls; animals
don’t
• Pellicle
– Cell membrane and associated structures
– Ribbon-like ridges spiral around surface
under ridges are sacs and a set of microtubules
 Reproduction
 Binary fission
photoreceptor
flagellum
flagellum
stigma
reservoir
Contractile vacuole
nucleus
chloroplast
pellicle
nucleolus
Stored
Contractile vacuolestarch
nucleolus
nucleus
chloroplast
• -CHRYSO means golden
• Yellow-green algae, golden brown
algae
• Have gold-green chloroplasts
• Have PECTIN not CELLULOSE
in cell wall
• A few have both
• REPRODUCE
SEXUALLY +
ASEXUALLY
• CAN FORM
THREAD-LIKE
COLONIES but
MOST ARE
SOLITARY
BACILLARIOPHYTA
DIATOMS
RICH IN
SILICON
PHOTOSYNTHETIC
• DINOFLAGELLATES
• MOST
PHOTOSYNTHETIC
• MOST 2 FLAGELLA
– ONE LIKE A BELT
– ONE LIKE A TAIL
•ARMORED
APPEARANCE
•REPRODUCE BY
BINARY FISSION
They are
Luminescent!
REVIEW point:
Photosynthesis makes sugar
Sugars bound together in long chains
(polymers) are forms of starch
Starch can have many forms since the
chains can be of different sizes
2 starches:
Cellulose
Pectin
Deplete water of nutrients causing
Decay of all the waste depletes water of
oxygen needed by fish
ABSORB BLUE LIGHT
(the only color of light available at
deeper depths of water)
Red algae can be
Pink
Red
Purple
Black
Pyrenoid –
structure that
synthesizes and
stores starch
2 flagella
eyespot
chloroplast
CELL WALL DOES NOT
CONTAIN CELLULOSE
The really interesting part comes as
Spirogyra reproduces sexually. When two
filaments are close together, the process
starts. Cell outgrowths form connections
between the filaments and a sort of ladder
is formed. The contents of the cells in one
filament will go through the connection
tubes to the cells in the other filament. A
zygospore is formed with a thick cell wall,
round or oval and with a brownish colour.
This conjugation process takes place
especially between half May and half June.
DIFFICULT TO CLASSIFY
Begin life cycle as individual
cells
(look like amoebas)
• Move together several
centimeters
• Form reproductive structure
–Fruiting body
–Spores made by mitosis
–New cells come from spores
• SINGLE CELL WITH THOUSANDS
OF NUCLEI
• FRUITING BODIES SPRING UP FROM
IT
– PRODUCE HAPLOID SPORES (MEIOSIS)
• SPORES GERMINATE INTO FLAGELLATED
CELLS
• CELLS FUSE TO PRODUCE 2N AMEBOID
CELLS
Oomycota – oomycetes
water molds
POTATO FAMINE
• http://botit.botany.wisc.edu
/toms_fungi/m2001alt.html
PHYTOPHTORA