What the cell?? 
Please tell me what type of cells are in the
pictures below—guess, if you don’t know!
REMEMBER…notebook check coming up!
Write the “?” and your answer!
I’m absent today because of a dr. appointment,
I’ll be back tomorrow and I’ll quickly review 3.1
and 3.3….but I need you to stay focused today,
write down the notes, and do your homework,
so you’ll know what the heck I’m talking about
tomorrow!
PLEASE!
Thanks!
Ms. Lee
3.1 KEY CONCEPT
Cells are the Basic unit of life!!!!
All living things composed of one or
more cells!!!!
Organisms can be unicellular:
 one cell
 all life activities take place
in that cell!!!
Or Multicellular:
Organisms can be unicellular:
 one cell
Both groups
have to be  all life activities take place
in that cell!!!
able to
carry out
basic life
processes!!!
Or Multicellular:
 >1 cell
 each cell carries out a
function, working together!!!
•
•
Many scientists contributed to the cell
theory!
• Hard work & improvement of microscopes
let these guys do some magic!
Have you heard of any of these guys???
All organisms are made
of cells.
All existing cells are
produced by other
living cells.
The cell is the most
basic unit of life.
The first unifying
concept in science!!!
Prokaryotic
cells lack
nucleus and
most internal
structures!!
Bacterium
(colored
SEM; mag
8800x)
Eukaryotic
cells have a
nucleus and
organelles!
Prokaryotic cells
1.Lack most other organelles
2.No mitochondria – obtain energy
from sunlight/chemicals
3.DO have ribosomes
4.Ex. - Bacteria!!!
Bacterium
(colored SEM;
magnification 8800x)
Eukaryotic cells 1.Membrane-bound organelles
2.Mitochondria – energy
3.Ribosomes
4.Ex. – us, plants, other animals,
fungi, ... Everything BUT
bacteria!!
Look at these
two types of
cells--
nucleus
organelles
How are they
different?
cell membrane
cytoplasm
How are they
similar???
Which is prokaryotic?? Eukaryotic??
nucleus
organelles
EUKARYOTIC
DNA
cytoplasm
PROKARYOTIC
Hmmmm…what do they have in
common? Write those here 
Cell membrane
IF YOU’VE BEEN DOING WHAT YOU SHOULD
BE DOING,
You have 15 minutes to watch the LIFE video
Then you’ll write the notes for 3.3 and can
watch the rest of it! 
IF NOT, NO VIDEO, ON TO 3.3!
3.3 KEY CONCEPT
The cell membrane is a barrier that separates a
cell from the external environment!!!
Cell membrane: A phospholipid bilayer
cell membrane
Cell membrane:A
1. forms a boundary between
inside & outside of the cell
2. controls passage of
materials
Where is it?
What’s another name for it?
phospholipid bilayer
cell membrane
outside cell
inside cell
Cell membrane:A
1. forms a boundary between
inside & outside of the cell
2. controls passage of
materials
Where is it?
the outer layer of the cell
What’s another name for it?
plasma membrane,
phospholipid bilayer, fluid mosaic
phospholipid bilayer
Cell membrane:A
1. forms a boundary between
inside & outside of the cell
2. controls passage of
materials
Where is it?
the outer layer of the cell
What’s another name for it?
plasma membrane,
phospholipid bilayer, fluid mosaic
phospholipid bilayer
•phosphate group, glycerol, &
2 fatty acid chains
•Keep substances in/out of
cell
2 Phospholipid layers & Lots of Other
Molecules
carbohydrate
protein
cell membrane
chain
cholesterol
protein
protein channel
•Arrangement of molec’s that
make up membrane
•Flexible – acts like liquid
•Mosaic b/c of proteins
embedded
•Arrangement of molec’s that
make up membrane
Cholesterol – strength
•Flexible – acts like liquid
Proteins – transport
•Mosaic b/c of proteins
Carbs
–
identification
embedded
We’ll do this TOGETHER
tomorrow!

The cell membrane is selectively
permeable
Some
molecules can
cross the
membrane
while others
cannot.
The cell membrane is selectively permeable.
Water crosses easily, but
for other solutes it’s
tough!!!
Allows some substances to cross
Allows cell to maintain homeostasis
Water crosses easily
Solutes cross via proteins
Homeostasis:
maintaining constant internal conditions!!!
How is the structure and functions of the cell
membrane important to maintaining
homeostasis?
allows cell to monitor concentrations!
What’s a concentration gradient?
Movement of particles from high concentration
to low!!
Review!!
What is a cell??
What is the cell theory?
What are the 3 parts of the cell theory?
What is a prokaryotic cell?
Give an example!!
What is a eukaryotic cell?
Give an example!
What is the function of the cell membrane??
What are its other names?
Review!!
Describe the structure of the plasma membrane!
Why is it called the fluid mosaic???
What is selective permeability?
Why is it important? What does it mean?
Describe homeostasis in your own words!!!
Which type of
cell is the
first one???
Second one???
THAT’S IT!
If you’ve been wonderful
students, you can now spend
the rest of the period watching
the LIFE video.
If not, you get to sit quietly
and work on your homework
at your desk, by yourself.
Hope you made good choices
while I was gone today!
2/22/10 Monday, Monday
Write the ?s and your answers:
1. What are eukaryotic cells and how are they
different than prokaryotic??
2. The term eukaryotic comes from the Greek
word meaning “truly nuclear”. Why do you
think this term was chosen??
3.2 KEY CONCEPT:
Eukaryotic cells share many similarities:
organelles are structures in these cells
that perform special functions
Eukaryotic cells have organelles:
structures that perform a specialized
function!!! (~~like your organs)
EGGGGGGGGGG-speriment!
Today:
• Group of THREE people
•
•
•
•
•
GENTLY place an egg in a beaker
Pour enough vinegar in the beaker to cover the egg
It WILL float, so just add enough vinegar until it
starts to float
Mass egg
Record how much vinegar (volume, mL) you add to
the beaker
Earth Force Projects Last Semester
Cytoskeleton
– Supports, shapes cell
– positions & transports organelles
– strength
– Imp. in cell division
– cell movement
Nucleus
• stores genetic info
• contains chromosomes (DNA)
• genetic control of cell
Nuclear
membrane
•
•
•
(nuclear envelope)
surrounds nucleus
regulates in/out
nucleus vs.
cytoplasm
Cytoplasm—add this in!
•
•
•
Jelly like, semi-fluid material inside cell
Contains molecules & organelles
Bound by the cell membrane
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
•
•
transports materials throughout inside of
cell
2 types: rough, smooth
Rough ER
–Ribosomes attached
Smooth ER
No ribosomes attached
Smooth ER
Ribosomes
• sites of protein
synthesis
• some are located on
the ER
• others are found in
cytoplasm
Golgi Apparatus
•From the ER,
proteins generally
move to HERE
•Modifies, collects,
packages, and
distributes molecules
within or outside the
cell
Vesicles
–Pouches
–Pinch off from membrane or golgi
–Transport things around/out of
cell
Mitochondria
–site of cellular respiration
–supply energy to the cell
More Mitochondria
Vacuoles
•
•
store materials such as water, salts,
proteins, and carbohydrates
smaller in animal cells than plant cells
Lysosomes
• contain chemicals,
enzymes for
digesting things
• Recycling center!!
Centrioles
•
•
•
tubes found in centrosomes
Help divide DNA, so where are
they???
Form cilia/flagella
An Amazing
EGGsperiment!!
Quick question!!!
What is the difference between plant
and animal cells??
Plant cells:
chloroplasts
cell walls
Cell wall
•
•
•
•
surrounds cell
membrane
protection & support
plant cells, bacteria,
fungi, some protists
allows specific
substances to pass
in/out cell
Chloroplasts
• convert solar energy 
chemical energy
• plant cells, some bact.
• Chlorophyll: absorbs
energy from the Sun
CO2 & H2O into sugar
(photosynthesis)
Cilia
• short hair-like
projections
• movement of animal cells
or protists
Flagella
• Long, whip-like
projections
• Movement of animal
cells, bacteria, or
protists
Who/what am I??
• I am found only in plant cells
and allow some substances to
pass through!
• I am the powerhouse of cell that
creates energy!!!
• I am a whip-like tail used for
locomotion!
Who/what am I??
• I am the recycling center,
contain enzymes for processing
material!
• I am a jellylike substance that
surrounds the organelles!
• I am the bouncer for the
nucleus, I say who gets in and
out!!
Who/what am I??
• I can be rough or smooth, and I
am great at transporting
material through out the cell!
• I make protein synthesis happen!!
I hold genetic info, you would
not be you without me!!
Who/what am I??
• Photosynthesis occurs in me!
• I am short, hairlike projections
that move things along!!
• I am a storage site and I am
bigger in plant cells than in
animal cells!!
VIDEO: INNER LIFE OF A CELL
Homework
IB JOURNAL 2.5.6, 2.5.7
FRIDAY! Oct. 1st: Comparing Eukaryotes
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
3.5 KEY CONCEPT: Cells use energy to transport
materials that cannot diffuse across a membrane.
• some substances move through
cell membrane
•Against concentration gradient
• low  high conc.
•NEED Energy (ATP)!!
•Pump thru w/a protein “pump”
•INTO (to concentrate molecules w/in), or
OUT OF (remove waste) cell
•Ca, K, and Na ions need to be forced
across!!
•Homeostasis!!
Some particles are just too BIG
for the proteins!!!
•Use vesicles!!!
• What’s a vesicle??
1-Passing into the cell =
endocytosis (endo = into)
2-Passing out of the cell =
exocytosis (exo = exit)
Endocytosis: cell membrane
pinches in, brings
materials INTO CELL
(in a vesicle)
Exocytosis: vesicle merges w/cell membrane,
takes materials OUT OF cell
Whatcha Know?????
What does selectively permeable mean?
Explain the concept of homeostasis!
What is active transport, why is it called ACTIVE
transport?
What is endocytosis?
What is exocytosis?
How are they alike?
How are they different??
EGG LAB!
BE CAREFUL!
FOLLOW THE PROCEDURE!
DON’T PUT CORN SYRUP INTO THE
GRADUATED CYLINDER--I WILL HELP YOUR GROUP ESTIMATE THE
VOLUME IN THE BEAKER.
CLEAN THE CUP WELL, OR YOUR LAB WON’T
WORK RIGHT! 
Earth Force…Folly Project?
Whatcha Know?????
How does the movement of particles in active
and passive transport differ?
one is with the concentration gradient and
one is against!!!
Which molecules require active transport?
Why do some molecules need another way to
get across?
Explain endocytosis!
Explain exosytosis!!
MONDAY 10/4
List at least FIVE organelles.
List what each one DOES (function).
HOMEWORK CHECK
•
And...Don’t forget…test corrections due
by …
•
QUIZ Wednesday!!!
o
Chapter 3 Review & Vocab due!!!
3.4 Diffusion and Osmosis
KEY CONCEPT: Materials move across
membranes because of concentration
differences.
happens naturally,
does not require energy!!!!
• Molec.s move across cell membrane
• From HIGH conc. to LOW conc.
2 types:
spreading out of
molecs across cell
membrane until
equal conc. inside
& out; move
IN/OUT
Diffusion happens when . . . . .
• Molecules move
• Conc. gradient exists
• molecules move from
HIGH to LOW conc.
• pass directly across cell
membrane
• diffuse INTO or OUT OF cell
Diffusion = spreading out of mlc’s across a cell
membrane until they are equally concentrated!
It doesn’t always happen
naturally . . .
•Too big to pass directly
through membrane— need
help from transport
proteins
•Hi  Low Conc
•PROTEIN CHANNEL
•NO ENERGY!
•Channel protein
•Glucose
•Concentration
•Direction
•ENERGY?
•
EGG LAB
Final day
• Pay close attention to
directions
• CLEAN UP all materials
• Keep your team mates on
task!
• Questions @ end!
What’s a
NINJA’s
favorite
BEVERAGE????
• Diffusion of WATER molecs
thru selectively permeable
membrane
• Hi WATER  Lo WATER
• (HI water = LO solute)
• No Energy
• 3 types of solutions result:
isotonic
hypertonic
hypotonic
• 3 types of solutions result:
isotonic
hypertonic
hypotonic
• 3 types of solutions result:
isotonic
hypertonic
hypotonic
• 3 types of solutions result:
isotonic
hypertonic
hypotonic
Cells react to different solutions!!
Cell Animations ONLINE!
•
http://www.classzone.com/cz/books/bio_07/get_chapter_gr
oup.htm?cin=2&rg=animated_biology&at=animated_biolog
y&var=animated_biology
Review!!!
What is selective permeability?
What is diffusion?
What molecule diffuses easily across a cell membrane?
How do molecules that cannot pass get across a
membrane barrier?
What is osmosis?
Why was the movie you watched called Osmosis
Jones??
What is the difference between active and passive
transport?
Review!!!
What happens to a cell in a
hypotonic solution?
What happens to a cell in an
isotonic solution?
What happens to a cell in a
hypertonic solution?
What is homeostasis and what does
osmosis have to do with it?