Pilgrims merge with the
Puritans to form
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Problems!
• Minority viewpoints
Colony/Date
Person Responsible
Massachusetts
William Bradford
•1621—Pilgrims
Plymouth Colony
•1630---Puritans
Mass. Bay Colony
•Pilgrims
John Winthrop
•Puritans
•Plymouth merges
with Mass. 1691
Rhode Island
Roger Williams
•1644
•Formed from Mass.
•Exiled from Mass.
Anne Hutchison
•Exiled from Mass.
Connecticut
•1662
•Formed from Mass.
Rev. Thomas
Hooker
New Hampshire
John Mason
Sir Ferdinando
Gorges
•1679
•Formed from Mass.
Why Founded
Governed/Owner
Religious freedom,
avoid religious
persecution, to start
a “city upon a hill”,
and to begin a new
life.
Mayflower Compact
Theocracy
General Court
Royal Colony
•Dissatisfied with
Mass. Bay Colony
•Religious freedom
•Consent of the
governed
•Self-governing
colony
Religious freedom,
exploring the frontier
and settling new
areas.
Part of Mass. Bay
Colony and set up for
greater opportunity in
frontier---trade goods,
fur, fishing & lumber
industry
Fundamental Orders
of Connecticut
Self-governing
colony
Royal Colony
•John Winthrop, founder of the Massachusetts
Bay Colony
•Middle class settlers, educated and organized
•Successful as fur traders, fishermen and
shipbuilders
•Ruled as “Bible Commonwealth” or New England
Way
= Puritan covenant with God
•To establish holy society----“City Upon a Hill”
Massachusetts Bay Colony
• Williams purchases land from Native
Americans and establishes Rhode Island
(religious toleration)
• Another dissenter was Anne Hutchinson who
causes problems by disagreeing with ministers
(good works vs. salvation)
• She was placed on trial and found guilty of
heresy…banished from the colony…settles in
Rhode Island
• Claims to have a direct line of communication
with God (blasphemy)
• This proves the Puritan leadership became
religious persecutors themselves and did not
truly believe in religious freedom
Trouble in Bible Colony
(Puritan Rebels)
•
•
•
•
Roger Williams
Roger Williams: extreme Separatist,
denied right of civil government to
govern religious behavior, challenged
charter for illegally taking land from
Indians
Avoided exile to England by fleeing to
Rhode Island where in 1636, aided by
Indians, he started a colony in the
Providence area
Started the first Baptist church
Allowed complete freedom of religion
Anne Hutchinson
• Predestination/Strict Calvinist
• Troubles conforming
• Troubles playing her role in society
• Rhode Island/New York/Death
Roger Williams
• Separatists
• Legality of Charter
• Rhode Island
• Welcomed minority viewpoints
• “The Sewer”
Puritan “Rebels”
Roger Williams
Anne Hutchinson
Connecticut
• 1635
• Thomas Hooker
• Fundamental Orders
• Set up new government but allowed voting rights to all
• New Haven Colony
• Merger
Maine and New
Hampshire
• Fishing and fur
• Annexation
• Removal of New Hamspshire
Pilgrims merge with the
Puritans to form
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Native American
Relations
• Disease
• Wampanoag- Pilgrims
• Pequot Wars
• King Phillip’s War
• Slowed expansion
Relations between English and Natives
• As colonists expand into Connecticut, conflicts
arise with the Pequot Tribe (Pequot War 163637)
• Pequot’s lose the war…Native populations
dwindle
• Chief Metacom (known as King Philip) forms
an alliance with many other tribes to attack the
colonists
• Known as King Philip’s War (1675-76), the
English retaliate and defeat the uprising
• Important because it ends Indian resistance in
New England
Massasoit’s son,
Metacom (King Phillip)
formed Indian alliance
– attacked throughout
New England,
especially frontier
English towns were
attacked and burned unknown numbers of
Indians died
1676: War ended,
Metacom executed,
lasting defeat for
Indians
The Pequot Wars: 1636-1637
A Pequot Village
Destroyed, 1637
The New England Confederation
• Goal- defense
• Colonial Unity
• Charles II
Dominion of New
England
• Power- England
• Mercantilism
• Navigation Laws
• Sir Edmund Andros
Navigation Acts
• Acts that restricted colonial trade
• Why?• Colonists traded with other countries of the world
• England viewed this as a threat
What’s in the act
1. No country could trade with England unless shipped by colonial or
British ships
2. All vessels had to have ¾ colonial or British crew
3. Colonies could only ship certain products to England
4. Almost all other goods had to pass through English ports
Dominion con’t
• Glorious Revolution
• Start “salutary neglect”
Other Countries
• Dutch- New Netherlands (York)
• Sweden- New Sweden
New
Netherland
s &
New
Sweden
KING CHARLES II GAVE AWAY THE MIDDLE
COLONIES AS GIFTS TO FAMILY AND FRIENDS
Colony/Date
Person Responsible
Why Founded
New Netherland
In1609--Dutch
Henry Hudson for
Netherlands
New York—1664
England
Duke of York of
England names it
New York
English fleet takes
New Amsterdam from
Dutch in 1664 and
becomes New York
City---Good harbor for
trade
New Netherlands
was an autocracy
1689---English Bill of
Rights
Representative Govt
Royal Colony
Attract new settlers
for Dutch and
Swedish colonists
Royal Colony
New Jersey---1702
Pennsylvania—1681
Indian land---Dutch
and Swedish gift
from King Charles II
to brother James--gives to his friends
Lord John Berkeley
& Sir George
Carteret
William Penn
Swedes
Delaware--1682
Maryland--1634
Lord Baltimore
Governed/Owner
Penn founded for
religious freedom for
the Quakers---Holy
Experiment—invited
all people
Representative govt
Religious toleration—
those who believed in
Christ---allowed
persecuted Catholics
to settle in Maryland
Representative govt
Royal Colony
Proprietary Colony
Middle Colonies
1.
River systems
2.
Valleys – fertile soil
3.
."bread basket"
large farms surplus food
4.
diverse population
5.
manufacturing
6.
iron mines, glass,
shipyards, and
paper
7.
Cities: New York
and Philadelphia
New York
Pennsylvania
New Jersey
Delaware
America, a
“melting
pot”
Pennsylvania
• Quakers
• William Penn
• Experiment
• Native American relations
Pennsylvania &
Neighbors
• Penn bought land from Indians, treatment
of them so fair that Quakers went to them
unarmed and even employed Indians as
babysitters
• However, as non-Quaker immigrants came,
they were less tolerant of Indians (ScotsIrish)
• Liberal features: elected assembly, no taxsupported church, freedom of worship,
only 2 capital crimes
Delaware
William Penn
• Penn granted the lower 3 counties
of Pennsylvania their own
assembly
• Governor was the same as
Pennsylvania’s until the American
Revolution
Population of the New England
Colonies
Growth of the Colonies: 1690
Population Comparisons:
New England v. the Chesapeake
New England Colonies, 1650