Name ______________________________ Period
Human Body
Define and give an example for each of the following:
stimulus- a change in the environment that causes a reaction
reaction- response to a stimulus
impulse-message or signal carried by a neuron
response-an action of change due to a stimulus
stimulant-a drug that speeds up the body processes
reflex-an automatic response
homeostasis-internal environment is kept stable in spite of changes in the external
environment
infectious disease-can be passed from organism to organism
immunity-the ability to destroy pathogens they cause disease
1. What is the correct level of organization of the following?
tissue, system, cells, organs
cells, tissue, organs, system
2. What are the functions of the skin? 1) covers and protect
2) helps maintain homeostasis: regulates temperature, eliminates wastes
3. What is the function of pharynx? the back of the throat
Common pathway of the digestive system and the respiratory system
4. What is the function of epiglottis? close off the trachea and allow food/air to enter the
correct passageway
5. What is the function of bronchi? direct air into the lungs
6. What is the function of the liver? secrete bile & eliminate toxins
7. What are the functions of the excretory system? Collect waste and remove it from the
body
8. Label the pictures below.
kidney
bladder
A- Right atrium
B- Left atrium
C- Right ventricle
D- Left Ventricle
E- Valve
F- Pulmonary artery
G- Aorta
H- Pulmonary vein
I-
Cardiac
Skeletal
Smooth
9. What are the functions of the kidneys? eliminate urea and excess water
10. What are the functions of the small intestine? most chemical digestion takes place
here; most absorption of nutrients occurs here
11. What is the function of the large intestine? remove excess water and ready waste for
elimination
12. What are the functions of the stomach? break down food mechanically and
chemically
13. What are the functions of saliva? Begins starch digestion and to coat food to allow it
to be swallowed more easily
14. What is the function of bile? breaks down fats
15. What is the function of mucus? coats and protects the lining of the esophagus and
stomach and helps food travel to stomach
16. What is the function of pepsin? breaks down proteins
17. What is the function of gall bladder? stores bile
18. What is the function of pancreas? secretes insulin and pancreatic juices (diabetes
issues-regulating blood sugar)
19. What is the function of lungs? main organs of the respiratory system; allow for the
exchange of gas (O2 and CO2)- occurs in the alveoli
20. What is the function of aorta? ARTERY – oxygenated blood from the heart to the
brain, upper body, and lower body
21. What is the function of veins? return blood to the heart
22. What is the function of artery? take blood away from the heart
23. What are the two types of bones?
1. flat
2. round
24. What is the function of the each of the two types of bones?
1. protection
2. movement, support (bears the weight)
Label the picture below.
4 blood vessel 5 compact bone 6 spongy bone 7 marrow (cavity)
25.What are the three types of muscles?
1. smooth - involuntary
2. skeletal-voluntary
3. cardiac-involuntary
26. What is the function of the three types of muscles?
1. helps the internal organs function
2. supports and moves the body
3. keeps the heart beating
27. Why do muscles work in pairs? because they can only contract, not extend
28. What is the function of the excretory system? collect waste and remove it from the
body
29. What is the function of the circulatory system? to carry need material throughout the
body
30. What is the correct flow of blood though the chambers of the heart? right atrium, right
ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, body
31. What is the function of
digestive system? to break down
food/nutrients into smaller useable
molecules
32. What are the types of joints pictured above?
A. hinge
B. pivot
C. ball and socket
D. immoveable
Frog
33. What is the function of the tympanic membrane? detects sound waves and allows the
frog to hear
34. What is the main difference between a frog heart and a human heart? frog’s heart has
three chambers, human heart has 4- only need 1 ventricle because of skin
35. What is the main difference between frog skin and human skin? frogs can breathe
through their skin
36. What is the main difference between the frog digestive system and the human
digestive system? humans have two openings to remove waste, frogs have one
37. Why do frogs need water? To keep their body moist, cool and breathing.
38. What are dichotomous keys? A method for determining the identity of something (the
name of a butterfly, a plant, lichen, or a rock) by going through a series of choices that
leads the user to the correct name of the item.
39. What is fitness give an example of it? Fitness – ability to change (adapt) in order to
be able to survive and reproduce
A zebra which can get away from the lions and reproduce will have high fitness. On
the other hand a zebra which can get away from lions and cannot reproduce will not be a
fit.
40. What is change over time? Change in phenotypes and genotypes of species in a long
periods of time.
42. What is an adaptation? Changes which make species more suited to survive and
reproduce.
43. What is natural selection and give an example? Natural Selection results in changes
in inherited characteristics of a population due to the environment, increasing the species’
fitness in that environment. Natural Selection on single gene traits lead to changes in
allele frequencies. If red colored bugs are easy to spot they will be eaten faster and
their genes will be eliminated from the gene pool.
44. What is artificial selection and give an example of it? Nature provides variation, and
humans select the variations they find useful. Different dog breads, milk or beef cows.
45. Explain survival of fittest with your own words. The “fittest” are those with an
inherited characteristic that makes it better suited to survive and reproduce.