Agenda
 Evolution of Communications
 Digital vs VoIP
 How VoIP works as a transport layer
 What is “The Cloud”?
 Common Applications
 Advantages of VoIP
 Misconceptions about VoIP
Evolution of Communications
Scream at your
Neighbor
IP PBX
Phone Guy Gets Yelled at!
2 Cans and
a String
CPE PBX using
IC Chips
Central Office
Digital vs VoIP
 Digital -Like a Subway or a Train
 Goes Point to Point
 Lots of people in the same car!
 Predetermined stops
 Not Very Flexible
 VoIP – Like a Taxi
 Dynamic in direction
 Single Occupant
 Goes to one address
 Very Flexible
Telephone Systems
 Telephones are directly connected to the system
 Telephones - limited distance from the KSU
 Telephones are dumb terminals
 System Hardware controls the configuration size
 Communications is most often proprietary
 Use Pulse Code Modulation
 Use Time Division Multiplexing
Pulse Code Modulation
 Encoder
0111
0110
0111
0110
0101
0101
0100
0100
0011
0011
0010
0010
0001
0001
0000
0000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
 Time Division Multiplexing is the distance between the samples
 Voice Conversation is transmitted in 0’s and 1’s
Transport Layer
1401
Ext 401
Voice
PBX 1
010001110101
010001110101
PBX
Digitized Voice
All 0’s and 1’s
Transmitted Via T1/PRI
PSTN
T1/PRI transport
E&M Emulation
Ext
Ext2407
407
Voice
Voice
Digitized Voice
All 0’s and 1’s
Transmitted Via T1/PRI
PBX 2
What is VoIP
 Voice over Internet Protocol is the transmission of voice
over a network – Not the Internet
 Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model:
 7 = Application – processes applications
 6 = Presentation – data representation and encryption
 5 = Session – Inter-host communications
 4 = Transport – End to end connections and reliability (TCP)
 3 = Network – Path determination and logical addressing (IP)
 2 = Data Line – Physical Addressing (MAC addresses & LLC)
 1 = Physical – Medial, signal and binary transmission
19216 WEST
Address Driven
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
OFFICE 3
x
x
192.16 West 8.1st – Office 1
192.16 West 8.1st – Office 2
192.16 WestOFFICE
8.1st – Office
13
192.16 West 8.1st – Office 4
192.16 West 8.1st – Office 5
OFFICE
1 st – Office 6
192.16
West 8.1
x
OFFICE 3
x
x
OFFICE 5
OFFICE
5
ST
81
IP Address
x
x
OFFICE
OFFICE 4
4
x
x
x
x
x
x
xx
OFFICE 6
6
192.168.1.1
192.168.1.2
192.168.1.3
OFFICE
192.168.1.4
OFFICE
2
Server
192.168.1.5
Room
192.168.1.6
2
xx
Transport Layer
Ext 1401
Voice
PBX 1
Ext 2401
Voice
Digitized Voice
All 0’s and 1’s
Digitized Voice
All 0’s and 1’s
Gateway
62.203.3.1
67.203.5.1
PBX 2
Gateway
Packets addressed and
sent over the Internet
Packets addressed and
sent over the Internet
Internet transports from one
location to another using address
Internet
What is the Cloud?
66.210.10.1
127.107.7.2
62.203.3.1
127.107.7.1
64.201.100.4
65.25.2.2
66.210.10.2
66.166.1.4
61.200.2.3
65.16.200.5
127.107.7.3
66.166.1.12
62.2.200.4
168.68.2.6
Common Applications
 Remote Worker
 Unmanaged Network – Latency and jitter
 Bandwidth Limitations
192.168.100.1
 Only need one static IP Address
67.28.190.127
WAN
Internet
167.19.120.111
301
302
303
Common Applications
192.168.1.120
 Remote Workers
 Gateway Registration
 WAN Port
192.168.100.1
125.105.90.201
67.28.190.127
Internet
167.19.120.111
112.47.99.98
301
302
303
192.168.22.199
Common Applications
 Creating a Voice Network
 Unmanaged Network – Latency and jitter
 Bandwidth Limitations
 Only need one static IP Address
Internet
67.28.190.127
301
302
303
122.24.50.13
301
302
303
Common Applications
 Adding to the Voice Network
192.168.22.110
192.168.22.111
192.168.11.110
WAN
LAN
192.168.11.111
LAN
Internet
67.28.190.127
301
302
303
122.24.50.13
301
302
303
Common Applications
 Adding SIP trunks to the Voice Network
192.168.22.110
192.168.22.111
Internet
67.28.190.127
SIP Trunks
301
302
303
SIP Trunks
Common Applications
 Two locations
192.168.22.110
192.168.22.111
192.168.11.110
192.168.11.111
Internet
67.28.190.127
301
302
303
122.24.50.13
SIP Trunks
301
302
303
Advantages to VoIP
 Standards of Interconnectivity
 Dynamic in Installation and Application
 Unlimited in Size – Global Network
 Remote workers
 Relatively easy to create a “Voice Network”
 Easy to do MAC Work
 Single Cable Runs (Maybe)
 Tree Topology
Tree Topology 1
x
x
x
x
OFFICE 3
x
OFFICE 1
192.168.1.5
192.168.1.3
192.168.1.1
192.168.1.6
192.168.1.4
192.168.1.2
x
OFFICE 4
x
x
x
OFFICE 6
Server
Room
OFFICE 2
x
x
OFFICE 5
x
Tree Topology 2
x
x
x
x
OFFICE 3
x
OFFICE 1
192.168.1.5
192.168.1.3
192.168.1.1
192.168.1.6
192.168.1.4
192.168.1.2
x
OFFICE 4
x
x
x
OFFICE 6
Server
Room
OFFICE 2
x
x
OFFICE 5
x
Disadvantages of VoIP
 Remains Expensive for the Small Business
 Can be difficult to troubleshoot
 Standards are still evolving
 Quality of Voice over an Unmanaged Network
 Lags on Call Processing Functionality
 External Interfaces
 Line appearances and buttons
Misconceptions about VoIP
 I am going to save Money!
 No more paying long distance toll charges
 When I use VoIP I only need one cable drop per office
 Using Remote workers will save me money because I can
use a smaller office