1. Many scientific discoveries begin with direct observations. Which could be a direct observation?
a. Ants communicate by airborne chemicals.
b. Birds navigate by using magnetic fields.
c. Butterflies eat nectar from flowers.
d. Fish feel vibrations through special sensors
2. Compare and contrast a scientific hypothesis and a scientific theory.
3. Which describes this statement, “the frog is 4cm long”?
4. Which is a testable explanation?
a. Dependent variable
b. Independent variable
c. Hypothesis
d. Observation
5. Differentiate between pseudoscience and science.
6. Describe an enzyme and two thingsf it does in a chemical reaction.
7. In which of the following are bonds broken and new bonds formed?
a. Chemical reactions
b. Elements
c. Isotopes
d. Polar molecules
8. Which of the following is true of chemical equations?
a. Reactants are on the left
b. Products are on the right
c. Products have fewer atoms than reactants
d. Reactants have fewer atoms than products
e. Both a and b
9. Which of the following is not true about pure water?
a. It has a pH of 7
b. It is composed of polar molecules
c. It is composed of ionic compounds
d. It is a good solvent
10. What numbers represent acids on the pH scale? Acids have a higher concentration of what ions?
11. What numbers represent bases on the pH scale? Bases have a higher concentration of what
ions? Bases are also called?
12. HCL Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid. What ions form when HCl dissolves in water? What is the
effect of HCl on the pH of water?
13. What are isotopes? How do they differ from their respective normal atoms?
14. What are radioactive isotopes used for?
15. Name the three particles that make up an atom and their charge.
16. Which is not a part of the cell theory?
a. The basic unit of life is the cell
b. Cells came from preexisting cells
c. All living organisms are composed of cells
d. Cells contain membrane-bound organelles
17. Which is the site of protein synthesis?
18. Be able to identify, describe the following organelles mitochondria, chloroplast, thylakoid,
lysosome, ribosomes, nucleolus, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, vacuole, centrioles, &
flagella.
19. Describe the plasma membrane and its components.
20. Compare and contrast active transport and passive transport.
21. Be able to define the following types of transports: Osmosis, Sodium Potassium Pump,
Endocytosis, Exocytosis, simple diffusion, and facilitated diffusion.
22. What happens to a cell in an isotonic solution, hypotonic solution, hypertonic solution?
23. Describe and define photosynthesis.
24. Describe and define cellular respiration.
25. Describe ATP’s structure and function.
26. What reactions occur in the thylakoid and what is produced here?
27. What reaction/cycle occurs in the stroma and what is produced by this cycle?
28. Glycolysis takes place in the ____________ and is the break down of what molecule and
produces?
29. The krebs cycle takes place in the mitochondria with the pyruvate from glycolysis and produces
what?
30. The electron transport chain uses the electron carriers from the krebs cycle and produces?
31. Define fermentation
32. Describe what happens when oxygen is available and when it is not available after glycolysis.
33. What is the key factor that limits the size of a cell?
34. Describe the cell cycle and all of the stages.
35. Describe the stages in interphase.
36. Mitosis is composed of four phases identify and describe each phase.
37. What is cytokinesis?
38. Why is the spindle apparatus important?
39. What is the centromere?
40. Define chromosomes and chromatin.
Essay Questions
1. The human body constantly interacts with the environment, taking in some substances and
releasing others. Many substances taken in by humans have a specific role in maintaining basic
cellular processes such as respiration, ion transport, and synthesis of various macromolecules.
Likewise, many of the substances released by the body are waste products of cellular process.
Write an essay that explains how humans take in substances that are important for cellular
respiration, and how they release the waste products from this process.
2. Pollution is a growing concern in big cities and in general the world causing an increase in global
warming. Write an essay and explain how this would affect photosynthesis. Consider the
amount of vegetation available and what kind of effects that would have as well.
3. In an essay describe the relationship and importance between cellular respiration and
photosynthesis. Include the cycles/steps that occur in each process as well as how they relate to
each other.
4. In an essay describe the plasma membranes structure, function, and characteristics. Explain the
molecules that make it up and how they affect its function.