Name: _____________________________
Reading Questions Chapter 12
1.
Give ONE example of a role of cell division in a unicellular organism and THREE examples or roles of
cell division in multicelluar organisms.
2.
Define each of the following terms:
a. Genome
3.
4.
b.
Chromosomes
c.
Somatic cells
d.
Gametes
e.
Chromatin
f.
Sister chromatids
g.
Centromere
h.
Mitosis
i.
Cytokinesis
j.
Meiosis
Label each of the following on the diagram to
the right AND briefly DESCRIBE them:
a. G1
b.
S
c.
G2
d.
M phase
e.
Interphase
Label AND describe each of the following:
a.
centrosome
b.
Kinetochores
c.
Sister Chromatids
d.
Kinetochore microtubules
e.
Nonkinetochore microtubules
f.
Metaphase plate
5.
Explain HOW the spindle apparatus moves sister chromatids to the center of the cell during
metaphase.
6.
Explain the changes that occur to the spindle apparatus during anaphase.
7.
Briefly describe HOW cytokinesis occurs in
a. Animal Cells
b.
8.
Plant Cells
Describe what is happening in the series of pictures below showing binary fission:
9.
What is the role of checkpoints in the cell cycle?
10. What does it mean to say that a cell is in the G0 phase? Give examples of cells in G0 phase.
11. Put the following statements in order to explain how MPF controls the timing of the M phase.
a. ____ The nuclear envelope is phosphorylated and fragments
b.
____ Cyclins breakdown
c.
____ Cyclins accumulate
d.
____ Cdk is recycled
e.
____ Cyclins join with Cdk to form MPF
12. What are growth factors? Using PDFG as an example, explain how growth factors are helpful in the
body.
13. Describe:
a. Density-dependent inhibition
b.
Anchorage dependence
14. Give at least 3 differences between the growth of normal cells and cancer cells.
15. Under each picture on the next page, explain what is happening. Be sure to include any changes in
the spindle apparatus and changes in chromosome position.
Reading Questions Chapter 13
1.
What is the relationship between a gene and a chromosome? How many chromosomes do we have in
our somatic cells?
2.
Compare sexual and asexual reproduction. Include advantages of each.
3.
Define each of the following terms:
a. Karyotype
4.
5.
b.
Homologous chromosomes
c.
Sex chromosomes
d.
Autosomes
e.
Haploid
f.
Diploid
g.
Fertilization
h.
Zygote
Identify whether each event described below occurs in meiosis I OR meiosis II.
a. ____________________________ Tetrads form
b.
____________________________ Crossing over occurs
c.
____________________________ Sister chromatids are split into individual chromosomes
d.
____________________________ Homologous chromosomes align at the metaphase plate
e.
____________________________ Sister chromatids align at the metaphase plate
f.
____________________________ Replication occurs
Fill in the chart below comparing mitosis and meiosis.
Mitosis
Meiosis
Number of Daughter Cells
Number of Divisions
Daughter cells haploid or diploid?
Role in Animal Body
6.
Describe crossing over (use tetrad, synapsis , recombinant chromosomes and chiasmata in your
answer). Explain why crossing over is important.
7.
Identify AND DESCRIBE 3 sources of genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms.