DNA Study Guide
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1. What did Griffith’s transformation experiments do to the harmless bacteria?
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2. Griffith’s experiments showed that genetic material could be __________________between dead and living
bacteria?
3. Avery’s experiments showed that transformation is prevented by doing what?
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4. Avery and his research team concluded that ________ was responsible for transformation.
5. Using radioactive tracers (like sulfur & phosphorus) to determine the interactions of bacteriophages and their
host bacteria, Hershey and Chase demonstrated without question that __________ is the molecule that stores
_____________information in cells.
6. Hershey and Chase used viruses that had DNA surrounded by a _____________coat. The viruses injected their
DNA into _____________. The viruses caused infected bacteria to make many new ______________.
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8. Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of _____________________.
9. What are the parts of a molecule of DNA?
____ 10. A nucleotide consists of 3 parts. What are they?
____ 11. The part of the molecule for which DNA is named is the__________________.
____ 12. The entire molecule shown in the diagram above is called a(n)______________________
____ 13. What are Purines and pyrimidines?
____ 14. Of the four nitrogen bases in DNA, which two are purines and which two are pyrimidines?
____ 15. The amount of guanine in an organism always equals the amount of_____________________
____ 17. Watson and Crick built models that demonstrated that DNA is made of______strands that twist into a
double__________________.
____ 18. The scientists credited with establishing the structure of DNA are_____________&_________________.
____ 19. X-ray diffraction photographs by Wilkins and Franklin suggested that DNA molecules are arranged as
a___________________________________________________________.
____ 21. During DNA replication, a complementary strand of DNA is made from each original DNA strand. Thus, if a
portion of the original strand is CCTAGCT, then the new strand will
be__________________________________________________
____ 22. DNA replication must occur before a cell can __________________. ________complementary strands are
duplicated. The double strand unwinds and unzips while it is being __________________________.
____ 23. The attachment of nucleotides to form a complementary strand of DNA during replication uses the enzyme
called________________________________.
24. In RNA adenine is complementary to_______________________.
____ 25. The enzymes that unwind DNA during replication are called_____________________________.
____ 26. What is different about DNA replication in prokaryotic cells compared to eukaryotic cells?
____ 27. Transcription, which is a stage of gene expression, is the process by which genetic information encoded in
DNA is transferred to a(n)____________________.
____ 28. How does RNA differ from DNA? (This was our essential question).
____ 29. What nitrogen base is found in RNA that is not found in DNA?
____ 30. RNA is chemically similar to DNA except that the ribose sugar in RNA has an
additional______________atom.
____ 31. What are the 3 different types of RNA molecules?
____ 33. What is made during transcription?
____ 34. During transcription, the genetic information for making a protein is “rewritten” as a molecule
of________________________ RNA.
____ 36. Each nucleotide triplet (set of 3 bases) in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called
a(n)________________
mRNA: CUCAAGUGCUUC
____ 37. Refer to the illustration above. What is the portion of the protein molecule coded for by a piece of mRNA
with the sequence CUCAAGUGCUUC?
____ 38. Refer to the illustration above. The anticodons for the codons in the mRNA with the sequence
CUCAAGUGCUUC are________________________________________
____ 39. Refer to the illustration above. Write out the strand of DNA from which the mRNA strand
CUCAAGUGCUUC was made?
mRNA codons
amino acid
UAU, UAC
tyrosine
CCU, CCC, CCA, CCG
proline
GAU, GAC
aspartic acid
AUU, AUC, AUA
isoleucine
UGU, UGC
cysteine
____ 40. Refer to the illustration above. Suppose that you are given a protein containing the following sequence of
amino acids: tyrosine, proline, aspartic acid, isoleucine, and cysteine. Use the portion of the genetic code
given to determine which of the following contains a DNA sequence that codes for this amino acid sequence.
Hint: There are a couple of different ways to write this strand.
____ 41. The function of rRNA is to____________________________________
____ 43. Transfer RNA carries an _________ _____________ to its correct codon.
____ 44. What 3 factors affect the final outcome of gene expression?