THE MICROSCOPE
7 th Grade
Lab Activity
Do Now…
◦Which of the scientists who contributed to the
development of the cell theory do you think is
the most important? Explain your thoughts.
Objectives
◦ Students will…
◦ Learn the names of microscope parts
◦ Learn how to use a microscope
◦ Prepare objects for viewing under a microscope
◦ Examine several objects under a microscope
◦ Determine how the lens system of a microscope
changes the position of an object being viewed
The Microscope
◦ A microscope is a scientific tool used to see very small objects.
◦ Objects you cannot see with your eyes alone can be seen
using a microscope.
◦ In this experiment you will look at a small letter e cut from a
magazine, some thread and a strand of hair.
◦ Activity will be completed in partners
◦ Please read through the lab carefully and follow all directions.
◦ Review how to prepare a slide.
Partner Pairs
◦ Anna/Gabby
◦ Maddie/Caroline H.
◦ Megan/Julia
◦ Caroline K./Rachel
◦ Abby/Gabrielle
◦ Salvo/Owen
◦ Ryan/Jake
◦ Greyson/Michael S.
◦ Michael C./Sean
For Next Time….
◦Read pgs. 232-235.
◦Finish lab if needed.
VIRUSES
7th Grade
Do Now…
◦Define bacteria, virus and host
cell on index cards.
Objectives
Students will…
◦Explain how a virus makes copies of itself
◦Identify the benefits of viruses
◦Investigate some uses of viruses
What are viruses?
◦A virus is a strand of hereditary material
surrounded by a protein coating.
◦They don’t have a nucleus, other organelles
or a cell membrane.
◦A virus multiples itself by making copies with
help of a living cell a called a host cell.
Active Viruses pg. 232
The virus attaches to
a specific host cell.
The virus’s hereditary
material enters the
host cell.
The virus’s HM cause
the cell to make viral
HM and proteins.
New viruses are
released as the host
cell bursts open and
is destroyed.
New viruses form
inside the host cell.
Inactive Viruses
◦ Some viruses can be inactive and are called latent.
◦ Latent means that after the virus enters the host cell, its
hereditary material becomes part of a host cell’s hereditary
material.
◦ It does not immediately cause the host cell to make new
viruses or destroy it.
◦ Ex: Cold sores-virus stays in people forever but only causes
symptoms once and a while.
How do viruses affect organisms?
◦ Viruses affect many living things.
◦ Most viruses only affect specific kinds of cells---limited to only one host
species.
◦ This is why humans can have viruses that don’t affect other animals or plants
and vice versa.
◦ A few viruses affect a broad range of hosts like the rabies virus.
◦ A virus cannot move by itself, but can reach a host’s body in several ways.
◦ 1) Carried by wind
◦ 2) Inhaled by animal
◦ Finally, viruses and the attachment sites of the host cell must match exactly,
like a puzzle.
Treating and Preventing Viral Diseases
Separating
patients who
have viral
diseases
Vaccinating
people
Controlling
pests that
spread
disease
Viral
Diseases
can be
prevented
by
Vaccinating
pets and
farm animals
Improving
sanitary
conditions
Research with Viruses
◦Gene therapy/transfer is one way that viruses are
helpful.
◦1) Normal hereditary material is enclosed in viruses.
◦2) The viruses infect the defective cells
◦3) New hereditary materials enter the cells and
replace the defective hereditary material.
Research with viruses
◦ An active area of viral research is HIV/AIDS research.
◦ HIV= Human immune-deficiency virus, a virus that attacks the
immune system.
◦ AIDS=Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.
◦ A weak immune system means the body cannot fight other
diseases or infections like pneumonia and certain types of
cancer.
◦ Currently, there is no known cure for AIDS.
Videos
◦ Introduction to Viruses
◦ Viruses
For Next Time…
◦Complete Virus Worksheet (Reinforcement)
LAB: COMPARING
CELLS
7 th Grade
Do Now Together
◦ http://safeshare.tv/w/lREZUFZLHk (Cheek Cell Preparation)
◦ http://safeshare.tv/w/ptwfmpHfpL (Elodea Plant Preparation)
Objectives
◦ Students will…
◦ Compare and contrast an animal cell (cheek cell) and a plant cell (elodea).
Partner Pairs
◦ Anna/Gabby
◦ Maddie/Caroline H.
◦ Megan/Julia
◦ Caroline K./Rachel
◦ Abby/Gabrielle
◦ Salvo/Owen
◦ Ryan/Jake
◦ Greyson/Michael S.
◦ Michael C./Sean
Lab: Comparing Cells
◦ Review lab procedures/directions/precautions
◦ Carefully review the lab with your assigned lab partner (same
from microscope lab)
◦ Answer lab preview questions.
◦ Prepare cheek cell/elodea cell slides.
◦ View slides under microscope according to lab directions.
◦ Complete lab questions.
For Next Time…
◦Have fun at the Christmas Concert
Tonight 
COMPARING CELL
LAB (PART 2)
7th Grade
Do Now…
◦With your lab group, complete the virus
enrichment worksheet.
Lab: Comparing Cells
◦ Review lab procedures/directions/precautions
◦ Carefully review the lab with your assigned lab partner
(same from microscope lab)
◦ Answer lab preview questions.
◦ Prepare cheek cell/elodea cell slides.
◦ View slides under microscope according to lab directions.
◦ Complete lab questions.
Cell Videos
◦Crash Course Animal Cells
◦Crash Course Plant Cells
For Next Time…
◦Complete Chapter 8 Review #1-20 pg. 240 in
science notebook.
◦Study for test on Thursday, 12/19.