Q I. Select (encircle) the one lettered answer that is best for each question:
1. P wave of the ECG recording represents:
a) Ventricular repolarization
b) Ventricular depolarization
c) Atrial repolarization
d) Atrial depolarization
2. The main inspiratory muscle is:
a) Abdominal muscles
b) Diaphragm
c) Sternocleidomastoid muscles
d) Internal intercostal muscles
3. Internal respiration:
a) Is a process of ATP production
b) Is known as cellular respiration
c) Involves gas exchange between systemic capillary blood and tissues
d) All of the above are correct
4. Which one of the following structures is included in the conducting zone of
the airways?
a) Alveolar ducts
b) Alveolar sacs
c) Alveoli
d) Terminal bronchioles
5. Most of the CO2 is transported in the blood as:
a) Dissolved in plasma
b) Dissolved in RBC
c) Bicarbonate ion
d) Carbaminohemoglobin
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6. Which one of the following facts is not correct regarding the surfactant?
a) Its secretion is high in infant with respiratory distress syndrome
b) It is a mixture of protein and lipid
c) It decreases in the lungs of heavy smokers
d) It is secreted from type II cells of the lung alveolar epithelium
7. The normal stroke volume in adult male is:
a) 100 ml/beat
b) 70 ml/beat
c) 50 ml/beat
d) 30 ml/beat
8. Second heart sound is caused by :
a) Rapid ventricular filling
b) Blood turbulence during atrial systole
c) Closure of both atrioventricular valves
d) Closure of the pulmonary and aortic valves
9. The highest conduction velocity of the cardiac impulse is in the:
a) Av node
b) Atrial muscles
c) Ventricular muscles
d) Purkinje fibers
10.In which of the following conditions, the heart rate becomes low?
a) Emotions
b) Exercise
c) Sleep
d) Fever
11.The lowest velocity of blood flow is in the:
a) Aorta
b) Large arteries
c) Vena cava
d) Capillaries
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12.One of the followings is involved in the short-term regulation of arterial
blood pressure:
a) Renin-angiotensin system
b) Kidney
c) Aldosterone
d) Carotid baroreceptors
13.Which one of the followings is the correct term for hemoglobin reaction
with oxygen?
a) Oxidation
b) Oxygenation
c) Oxidative phosphorylation
d) None of the above is correct
14.Which one of the following factors affects maximally the O2 transport in the
blood?
a) Body temperature
b) Plasma pH
c) Hemoglobin concentration
d) None of the above is correct
15.Which one of the following factors does not affect the dissociation of oxygen
from hemoglobin?
a) The blood pH
b) The blood pressure
c) The blood temperature
d) None of the above is correct
16.The normal PCO2 of arterial blood is:
a) 100 mm Hg
b) 46 mm Hg
c) 40 mm Hg
d) None of the above is correct
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17.Which one of the followings explains the term hypercapnia?
a) Increased CO2 level in arterial blood
b) Increased CO level in arterial blood
c) Increased respiratory rate
d) Increased respiratory depth
18.Which one of the followings produces spontaneous respiration (breathing)?
a) The blood CO2 concentration
b) The inspiratory center in medulla oblongata
c) The vagal discharge
d) None of the above is correct
19.During quiet respiration the volume of air inspired per breath is:
a) 2000 ml of air
b) 1500 ml of air
c) 1000 ml of air
d) 500 ml of air
20.The center for voluntary control of respiration is located in which one of the
following parts of the brain?
a) Spinal cord
b) Cerebral cortex
c) Midbrain
d) medulla oblongata
21.Which one of the following autonomic reflexes is not integrated at the
medulla oblongata?
a) Regulation of blood pressure
b) Contraction of full urinary bladder
c) Swallowing act
d) Vomiting
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22. Which one of the following is not true about hypothalamus?
a) It is a part of diencephalon
b) It is divided into a variety of nuclei and nuclear areas
c) It is involved in motor regulation
d) It is involved in regulation of body temperature
23.Which one of the following structures is responsible for cognition?
a) Thalamus
b) Medulla oblongata
c) Cerebral cortex
d) Midbrain
24.The anterior spinothalamic tract is decussating at the level of:
a) Medulla oblongata
a) Pons
b) Spinal cord
c) Thalamus
25.Which one of the following structures is involved in the control of reflex
movement of the head in response to voice stimulus?
a) Superior colliculus
b) Inferior colliculus
c) Red nucleus
d) Substantia nigra
26.The main function of the cerebellum is:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Vision sensation
Hearing sensation
Coordination of movements of different joints
None of the above is correct
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27-All sensory stimuli pass through thalamus on their ways to the primary
sensory areas of the cerebral cortex except:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Taste sensation
Vision sensation
Smell sensation
Touch sensation
28- Thalamus is part of the:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Brainstem
Midbrain
Diencephalon
Non of the above is correct
29-The signals from the cerebellum to the cerebral cortex for regulation of
motor movement is:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Inhibitory
Excitatory
Has no effect
Non of the above is correct
30-The lateral geniculate nucleus is part of the:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Basal nuclei
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus
31-Which of the following structures is responsible for the control of biologic
clock?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Choroxid plexus
Midbrain
Pineal gland
Non of the above is correct
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32-The main structure which regulates hormones secretion from anterior
pituitary gland is:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus
Midbrain
33- The main function of the cerebral cortex is:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Sensory perception
Voluntary control of movement
Thinking
All the above are correct
34-The occipital cerebral cortex is responsible for:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Taste sensation
Vision sensation
Smell sensation
Hearing sensation
35- The main transmitter secreted by the basal nucleus (substantia migra) is:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Acetylcholine
Adrenaline
Noradrenaline
Dopamine
36-The motor speech area (Broca's) is located in the:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Parietal lobe
Frontal lobe
Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe
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37-The temporal cerebral cortex is responsible for:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Hearing sensation
Touch sensation
Vision sensation
Non of the above is correct
38- The main structure which regulates temperature is:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Medulla oblongata
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus
Wernikes area
39- The signals from the basal nuclei (ganglia) to the cerebral cortex for
regulation of motor movement is:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Has no effect
Non of the above is correct
40- The main part of the brain responsible for the control of the autonomic
nervous system activity is:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Thalamus
Midbrain
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus
41- Which one of the following is not present in Parkinson's disease :
a)
b)
c)
d)
Tremor
Difficulty in initiation of voluntary movement
Difficulty in walking
Flaccid paralysis
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42- Which one of the following neurons goes under degeneration in
Parkinson's disease:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Dopaminergic
Beta-adrenergic
Alpha- adrenergic
Cholinergic
43-The endocrine hormones in general are responsible mainly for the control
of:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Metabolism of the body
Growth
Reproduction
All the above are correct
44-One of the following endocrine glands is considered as mixed gland:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Pancreas
Adrenal
45- Which one of the following is the site for integration of respiration and
heart regulation?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Spinal cord
Medulla oblongata
Pons
Midbrain
46-Oxytocin hormone is secreted by the:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Anterior pituitary gland
Posterior pituitary gland
Pineal gland
Non of the above is correct
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47- Which one of the following structures is not influenced by insulin in respect
to glucose entry to cells?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Adipose tissue
Hepatic cells
Skeletal muscle
Brain cells
48-- Which one of the following substances is required for the normal
biosynthesis of thyroxine?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Cholesterol
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Calcium
Manganese
49-The fight and flight response to sympathetic nervous system overactivity
includes:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Increased respiratory rate
Increased heart rate & cardiac output
Glycogenolysis
All of the above are correct
50- Which one of the following adrenal hormones is not influenced by the
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the anterior pituitary gland:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Epinephrine
Glucocorticoid
Mineralocorticoid
Androgen
51- Which one of the followings hormones has the greatest effect on sodium
retention:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Glucocorticoid
Antidiuretic hormones
Aldosterone
Androgen
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52-The parathyroid hormone:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Increases the level of plasma phosphate
Decreases the level of plasma phosphate
Has no effect on phosphate homeostasis
Non of the above is correct
53-The effect of glucocorticoid hormone secreted following long-term response
to stress are
a) Proteins are broken down
b) Fats are broken down
c) Increased blood glucose
d) All of the above are correct
54-The parathyroid hormone increases plasma calcium level by acting on the:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Kidney
liver
Spleen
All of the above are correct
55- Which one of the following food constituents is essential for the synthesis of
steroid hormone?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Carbohydrate
Cholesterol
Protein
Amino acid
56- Which one of the following hormones has the greatest effect on plasma
osmolality?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Cortisol
Androgen
Vasopressin
Dehydroepianderosterone
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57-The main hypothalamic nucleus responsible for the production of
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
Supraoptic nucleus
Paraventricular nucleus
Superior colliculus
58-Oxytocin hormone:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Is produced by the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus
Its secretion is controlled by positive feedback mechanism
Facilitates milk flow from mammary gland
All of the above are correct
59-Which one of the following hormones has no effect on the body growth?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Growth hormone
Thyroxine
Vasopressin
Non of the above is correct
60- Which one of the following types of hormone is secreted by the atrium of
heart?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Antidiuretic
Antihypertensive
Hyperglycemic
Natriuretic
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