America: A Narrative History (Ninth Edition)
Chapter 17 - Reconstruction: North and South
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I. America after the Civil War
o A. Effects of the war on the nation
 1. Questions facing the nation after the war
 2. Development in the North
 a. Morrill Tariff
 b. National Banking Act
 c. Subsidies for transcontinental railroad
 d. Homestead Act of 1862
 e. Morrill Land Grant Act of 1862
 3. Impact on the South
 a. Property destroyed
 b. Confederate currency and bonds worthless
 c. Loss of $4 billion that had been invested in labor—the slaves
 d. Problems of postwar agriculture
 e. Transformation of southern society
o B. Special problems of the freedmen
 1. Freedmen and the confusion over citizenship
 2. Hardships
 3. The Freedmen’s Bureau
II. Lincoln and Reconstruction
o A. Lincoln’s lenient 10 percent plan
o B. Loyal governments not recognized by Congress
o C. Arguments over Reconstruction
o D. The Wade-Davis Bill
o E. Lincoln’s philosophy of Reconstruction
o F. Lincoln’s assassination
III. Johnson’s plan for Reconstruction
o A. Johnson’s background and personality
o B. Johnson’s philosophy of Reconstruction
o C. Johnson’s plan
 1. Comparable to Lincoln’s
 2. The wealthy excluded from Johnson’s amnesty proclamation
 3. Additional requirements for southern states
o D. Southern states’ response to Johnson’s requirements
IV. Southern intransigence
o A. Southern states had elected many ex-Confederates
o B. Southern states had passed “black codes“
o C. In reaction, Radical Republican strength grows in North
V. Radical Republican ascendance
o A. Partisan interests of Radical Republican Reconstruction
 1. Support of African American suffrage
 2. Disenfranchisement of former Confederates
 3. Forfeited rights of southern states
o B. Johnson’s battle with Congress
 1. Johnson’s waning power and influence
 2. Johnson’s first veto of Freedmen’s Bureau bill upheld
 3. Johnson’s veto of Civil Rights Acts of 1866 overridden
 4. Johnson’s veto of revised Freedmen’s Bureau bill overridden
 5. The Fourteenth Amendment
 a. Citizenship rights for all Americans, including African Americans
 b. Guarantees of due process and equal protection under the law
 c. Tennessee ratifies first
 d. Race riots in Memphis and New Orleans
VI. Congressional Reconstruction
o A. Johnson’s loss of public support
 1. Midwest speaking tour
 2. Huge veto-proof Republican gains in 1866 election
o B. Congress moves to limit Johnson’s power
 1. Command of the Army Act
 2. Tenure of Office Act
o C. Other measures of Congressional Reconstruction
 1. Military Reconstruction Act
 2. Second Reconstruction Act
Tindall/Shi
America: A Narrative History (Ninth Edition)
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 3. Congress protects its program from Supreme Court
VII. Impeachment and trial of Johnson
o A. Johnson’s removal of secretary of war Edwin Stanton
 1. Violation of Tenure of Office Act
o B. House of Representatives impeaches Johnson
o C. Senate trial fails to convict
o D. Effects on Radicals and Johnson
VIII. Republican rule in the South
o A. New governments established in southern states
o B. Georgia’s readmission rescinded
o C. Fifteenth Amendment protects right to vote
o D. The Union League
o E. Blacks in the Reconstructed South
 1. Faced animosity from white southerners as well as northerners
 2. Effects of military service
 3. Separate churches
 4. Black families
 5. Black schools
 6. African Americans in southern politics
 a. Blacks in high positions
 b. Extent of black influence in Reconstruction governments
o F. White Republicans in the South
 1. Carpetbaggers
 2. Scalawags
o G. The Republican record
 1. Achievements
 2. Corruption
IX. Religion and Reconstruction
o A. Christians for racial justice
o B. “Apostles of forgiveness“
o C. Differing religious perspectives
X. Grant administration
o A. Positions of parties in the 1868 election
o B. Grant’s unwise cabinet appointments
o C. The government’s debt
 1. Debate over monetary expansion versus monetary restriction
 2. Public Credit Act (1869)
 a. Greenbacks withdrawn from circulation
 b. Debt to be paid with gold
o D. Scandals in Grant’s administration
 1. Jay Gould and Jim Fisk and the gold market
 2. The Crédit Mobilier scandal
 3. Other scandals
XI. Further challenges to the Grant administration
o A. Southern resistance to “Radical rule“
o B. Formation of Ku Klux Klan
o B. Terrorist activities of Klan and similar groups
o C. Prosecution of such groups under new federal laws
o D. Republican reformers and the election of 1872
o E. Conservative resurgence
 1. Ku Klux Klan weakened black and Republican morale
 2. Diminished northern commitment to ideals of Reconstruction
 3. Collapse of Republican control and Radical Republican regimes
o F. The beginning of the panic of 1873
o G. The Specie Resumption Act of 1875
XII. The election of 1876
o A. Republicans nominate Rutherford B. Hayes
o B. Democrats nominate Samuel J. Tilden
o C. Tone of the campaigns
o D. Disputed electoral vote count
 1. Congress forms special Electoral Commission to resolve
o E. The Compromise of 1877
 1. Election goes to Hayes
 2. Reconstruction ends with last federal troops withdrawn from South
o F. The legacy of Reconstruction
Tindall/Shi