Vocabulary for Today….
1.Nucleotide
2.Nucleic Acid
3.DNA
HEREDITARY INFORMATION CONTROLS
LIFE PROCESSES
Atoms of elements (C,H,O,P,N)
Nucleotides -3 parts:a.phosphate
b.sugar
c.nitrogen base
Nucleic Acids - 2 types: a.RNA
b.DNA
Gene- sequence of DNA nucleotides on a
chromosome that code for one characteristic
Chromosomes- long thread like group of
genes found in the nucleus
Nucleus
Cell
All these create
HEREDITY
(Chemical
instructions
passed from
parents to the
offspring at
reproduction)
NUCLEOTIDES
General Structure:
Nitrogen
Base
Sugar
Phosphate
STRUCTURE OF NUCLEOTIDES:
A. Phosphate
•
Supplies “NRG” (energy) for:
1. Making Nucleic Acid (DNA & RNA) Molecules
which create HEREDITY for the organism
2. Replication- making exact copies of Nucleic
Acids
3. Protein Synthesis
B. Nitrogen Bases:
•
•
•
•
Adenine
Guanine
Thymine (DNA) or Uracil (RNA)
Cytosine
C. Sugars: 2 types
• Deoxyribose
– 5-Carbon Sugar
(Pentose)
– Has one less Oxygen
than ribose
• Ribose:
– 5-Carbon Sugar
(Pentose)
– Has one more Oxygen
than deoxyribose
• Nucleotides are “Building Blocks” for the 2 types
of Nucleic Acids
A. Deoxyribonucleotides
B. Ribonucleotides
- Make DNA:
DeoxyriboNucleic Acid
- Types of Nitrogen Bases:
- Make RNA:
RiboNucleic Acid
- Cytosine
Guanine
Adenine
Thymine
(C)
(G)
(A)
(T)
NB
D
P
- 2 Chemical differences between DNA
and RNA are:
1. DNA has Deoxyribose sugar
2. DNA Has Thymine
- Cytosine
Guanine
Adenine
Uracil
(C)
(G)
(A)
(U)
NB
1. RNA has Ribose sugar
2. RNA Has Uracil
R
P
Heredity is established by…
…The number and sequence of the
nucleotides. This is how we get our
genetic diversity.
Review!
• What are the building blocks for nucleic
acids?
– Nucleotides!
• What are the 2 types of Nucleic Acids?
– DNA & RNA
• What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
– Phosphate
– 5-Carbon Sugar
• (Deoxyribose or ribose)
– Nitrogen Base