Inovace výuky na Gymnáziu Otrokovice formou DUMů
CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0488
Předmět
Clauses of contrast
Autor: Mgr. Kateřina Kozlová
12. června 2013
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A) Přípustkové spojky, po kterých následuje vedlejší věta
(podmět + přísudek)
= ačkoli, ač, i když, i kdyby, navzdory
tomu, že…
Although
Though
Even though
Even if
In spite of the fact that
Despite the fact that
they invited him, he didn´t come.
Although it was too late, he decided to call her.
Though the concert was sold out, we managed to get two tickets.
Even if you gave me a million, I wouldn´t reveal the secret.
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B) Přípustkové spojky, po kterých následuje nominální
konstrukce (pod.jm., gerundium)
despite
= navzdory, přes…
in spite of
Despite the weather was bad, they went for a trip.
Despite the bad weather, they went for a trip.
Despite the fact that the weather was bad, they went for a trip.
In spite of she was tired, she continued working.
In spite of being tired, she continued working.
In spite of the fact that she was tired, she continued working.
Although it was cold, they went swimming.
Despite cold weather, they went swimming.
Despite being cold, they went swimming. (= Although they were cold, they
went swimming.)
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C) However = avšak, však, ale (X but obvykle nebývá na
začátku věty)
- nespojuje věty v souvětí, odporuje tvrzení z předchozí věty
- stojí zpravidla na začátku věty, odděluje se čárkou
Beethoven composed many outstanding works. However, he was almost
totally deaf.
He went to Germany to work there. However, he can´t speak German.
(= Although he can´t speak German, he went to Germany to work there.)
D) Though = i když, ale; stojí na konci věty
He went to Germany to work there. He can´t speak German, though.
My aunt made pizza with sea food for dinner. I hate sea food, though.
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E) No matter + WH- question words = složeniny s –EVER
(nepoužívá se budoucí čas, ale přítomný jako ve větách čas. a podm.)
No matter when = whenever you come back, I´ll wait for you.
No matter who = whoever you talk to, don´t reveal the secret.
No matter where = wherever you go, I´ll follow you.
No matter which = whichever you borrow, bring it back tomorrow.
No matter how = however I do it, it is always wrong.
No matter what = whatever she did, I admire her.
No matter why he did it, nobody believes him any more. (whyever se
nepoužívá)
F) No matter if = whether
No matter if you´re rich or poor = Whether you´re rich or poor, health
is the only really valuable thing you have.
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G) Zkracování přípustkových vět
Although he is intelligent, Paul is sometimes very rude. =
Although intelligent, Paul is sometimes very rude.
Even though she isn´t thin enough, Jane became a model. =
Though not thin enough, Jane became a model.
Whether you´re old or young, you should avoid stress. =
Whether old or young, you should avoid stress.
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H) Other types of clauses of contrast.
He may have lived in France for a long time, but he doesn´t speak French
fluently.
He might be an intelligent boy, nevertheless he has to prepare for school
regularly.
Though intelligent, she is nevertheless rather modest.
He is often rude to me, but I like him nevertheless (= none the less).
Heavy as the case may be, I´ll try to carry it.
Much as I like him, I don´t agree with what he did.
Late though it may be, I´ll try to ring him up.
Dressed though he was in black, they didn´t let him in.
Cost what it may… = Ať to stojí cokoli…
Be that as it may… = Ať tomu je jakkoli…
Be he who he may… = Ať je kdokoli…
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I Complete the correct linking word: although, though, even
though, even if, despite, in spite of, however
Although they´re twins, one can recognize them quite well.
1) ……………
Despite
2) ……………
being ill, he went to work to finish the job.
In spite of the fact that we arrived a bit late, we didn´t miss
3) ……………
the beginning of the film.
However
4) I´ll show you the photos. ……………,
you may not like them.
though my granny worked very hard, he didn´t earn a lot of
5) Even
……………
money.
Despite
6) ……………
the bad weather, we had a wonderful holiday.
though
7) Tony was late again. He didn´t appologize, ……………
.
Although the car was broke, he managed to start it.
8) ……………
spite of
9) In……………
the delay, we arrived in time.
10) He answered the question. However
……………, nobody asked him.
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II Join the clauses using the right linking words
1) He has just graduated from university. He earns as much as
his father.
2) He asked her several times. She didn´t say a word.
3) They loved each other. They often quarrelled.
4) He has repaired his motorbike. He still goes by bus to school.
5) It is quite warm. You´re wearing a sweatshirt.
6) They won the match. They didn´t play their best.
7) We were sitting in the third row. We couldn´t see all the
stage.
8) I don´t feel well. I´ve decided to take part in the competition.
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KEY II Join the clauses using the right linking words.
Possible answers:
1) Although he has just graduated from university, he earns as
much as his father.
2) Even though he asked her several times, she didn´t say a
word.
3) They loved each other. However, they often quarrelled.
4) Despite having repaired his motorbike, he still goes by bus to
school.
5) Even if it is quite warm, you´re wearing a sweatshirt.
6) Although they won the match, they didn´t play their best.
7) In spite of sitting in the third row, we couldn´t see all the
stage.
8) Despite not feeling well, I´ve decided to take part in the
competition.
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III Correct the sentences
1) No matter when fast you can run, he is better at sprint.
2) In spite of the doctor arrived immediately, it was too late –
the patient had died.
3) I´m feeling quite OK in spite of that I have been sleeping only
for four hours.
4) Although having not enough money, they were thinking of a
holiday by the sea.
5) Chinese is not an international language. However is spoken
by a large number of people.
6) Wherever you hear, don´t believe it.
7) Despite being not healthy, he went to work.
8) Even though the teacher explained it several times, however,
the students couldn´t understand it.
9) Weather it is rainy or snowy, they will play the match.
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KEY III Correct the sentences
1) No matter when how fast you can run, he is better at sprint.
2) In spite of Although the doctor arrived immediately, it was
too late – the patient had died.
3) I´m feeling quite OK in spite of the fact that I have been
sleeping only for four hours.
4) Although In spite of/Despite having not enough money, they
were thinking of a holiday by the sea.
5) Chinese is not an international language. However, it is
spoken by a large number of people.
6) Wherever Whatever you hear, don´t believe it.
7) Despite being not not being healthy, he went to work.
8) Even though the teacher explained it several times, however,
the students couldn´t understand it.
9) Whether Weather it is rainy or snowy, they will play the
match.
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IV Translate. Use different types of linking words.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
Ať se zeptáš kohokoli, nikdo nezná správnou odpověď.
Přijal tu práci, i když nebyla dobře placená.
Ať si vyberete kterýkoli, budete spokojen.
I když ten vlak byl nacpaný, podařilo se nám najít pár volných sedadel.
Ačkoli je Petr členem sboru, málokdy tam chodí.
Můžeš mu dát cokoli, vždycky ti bude vděčný.
Měli bychom mu raději zavolat, i když asi dostal náš mail.
Pracuje jako pokladní v obchodě, přestože absolvoval vysokou školu.
Ať byl jeho telefon možná jakkoli drahý, nemyslím si, že ten můj je horší.
Kdykoli přijede do Zlína, vždy nás navštíví.
Ať se snažil, jak se snažil, nikdy nevyhrál.
Přestože bylo docela chladno, užívali jsme si koupání v moři.
Ať má na sobě cokoli, vždycky vypadá pěkně.
I když to možná nebylo nutné, jsem rád, že jsem to udělal.
Na olympiádě v Soči jsme získali osm medailí, přestože jsme neuspěli v
hokeji.
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IV Translate. Use different types of linking words. Possible answers.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
Whoever you ask, nobody knows the right answer.
He accepted the job, even though it wasn´t well-paid.
Whichever you choose, you´ll be satisfied.
Although the train was crowded (No matter how much crowded the train was),
we managed to find a few free seats.
Despite being a memeber of the choir, Petr seldom comes there.
Whatever you give him, he´ll always be greteful.
We´d better call him, even if he might have got our e-mail.
He works as a cashier, in spite of the fact that he has graduated from university.
However expensive his phone might have been, I don´t think that mine is worse.
Whenever he arrives in Zlín, he always visits us.
No matter how hard he tried, he never won.
Although it was quite cold, we enjoyed swimming in the sea.
Whatever she wears, she always looks pretty.
Even though it might not have been necessary, I´m glad, I´ve done it.
We won eight medals in the Olympic Games in Soči. However, we didn´t succeed
in hockey.
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Použité zdroje
• TRYML, Sergej. Moderní učebnice anglické gramatiky pro středně pokročilé
a pokročilé. Praha: EKOPRESS, 1999. ISBN ISBN 80-86119-18-1.
• CHUDÝ, Tomáš a CHUDÁ, Jana. Practise Your English Grammar. Havlíčkův
Brod: FRAGMENT, 1993. ISBN ISBN 80-901070-7-9.
Všechny objekty použité k vytvoření prezentace jsou součástí SW Microsoft Office nebo jsou vlastní originální tvorbou
autora.
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