Unit 7:
ECONOMIC REFORMS
Take
took
taken
cầm, lấy
Lead
led
led
dẫn dắt, lãnh đạo
Lay
laid
laid
đặt
Hold
held
held
cầm; tổ chức
Undergo
underwent undergone chịu (đựng)
Though, although, even though (mặc dù) S + V …, (không dùng
‘but’) S V …
Despite / in spite of + N / noun phrase
Because + S + V … Vì / Bởi vì … (Sau ‘because’ phải là mệnh
đề)
Because of + N / Noun phrase
(Sau ‘because of’ là danh
từ hoặc cụm danh từ)
* even if = even though (in spite of the fact that /
despite the fact that …): cho dù …
You must go tomorrow even if you aren’t
ready.
 2 mệnh đề trong câu có ‘even though’ cùng thì (the same
tense)
 ‘even if’ có cấu trúc giống mệnh đề ‘if’
Exercise 1. Complete the sentences with although/in spite
of/because/because of
1. He went home early ………….. he was feeling sick.
2. He went to work the next day ………….. he was still feeling
not well.
3. She only accepted the job ………….. the high salary.
4. She accepted the job ………….. the low salary.
5. The old man managed to get to sleep ………….. there was a
lot of noise.
6. The old man couldn’t get to sleep ………….. the noise.
Exercise 2. Write a new sentence with the same meaning. Use
the words in parentheses in your sentence.
1. He couldn’t sleep although he was very tired. (in spite
of)
2. Although he’s got a Vietnamese name, he’s in fact a
Cambodian. (despite)
3. In spite of her injured feet, she managed to get home
before dark. (although)
4. He decided to get the job although the salary was low. (
in spite of)
5. In spite of not having eaten for three days, he didn’t
feel hungry. (even though)
6. They lost the match, although they were a better team.
(despite)
7. They went out although it rained. ( in spite of )
8. It was cold, but he went swimming. (Although )
Exercise 3. Underline the correct word or phrase. Both
answers may be correct.
1. Although / In spite of we left late, we still got there
in time.
2. It was a fantastic evening although / in spite of the
terrible food.
3. We have decided to go despite / although the cost of the
tickets.
4. They enjoyed the course, although / despite it was very
difficult.
5. I love the sea though / whereas most of my friends prefer
the mountains.
6. Because / While Sophia’s father is from Spain, she doesn’t
speak Spanish.
7. Despite / Although the fact that Reid failed to scored
himself, he helped Jones to score
two goals.
8. Confident as / though she felt, she knew the examination
would not be easy.
9. The driver stopped to let on more passengers even though
/ even if the bus was full.
10. While / Whereas I always felt I would pass the exam, I
never thought I would get an
A grade.
11. Experienced though / although the climbers were, they
had never faced such severe
conditions before.
12. I still couldn’t afford to go to Paris, even though /
even if I took the cheapest route.
13. We told John the car was too expensive. However /
Although, he still bought it.
14. Despite / Although having to cope with three small
children, she is taking a part-time
MBA course.
5. Even though / Even if the building was in perfect
condition, it would still be impossible to use it.
Ex. 4. Choose A, B, C or D – that best completes the
sentences.
1. Everybody should be made aware _______ the risks
involved.
A. on
B. in
C. for
D. of
2. The recent economic crisis has brought _______ a slump in
world trade.
A. about
B. in
C. over
D.
out
3. The government is aiming ______ 50% reduction _____
unemployment.
A. to – in
B. at – in
C. at – of D. for – of
4. Sport is sometimes used by governments as a tool of
foreign _______.
A. policy
B. political
C. politics
D. politician
5. The President has _______ his commitment to the peace
process.
A. reargued
B. reenacted
C. reaffirmed
D. reminded
6. The government made serious attempts to raise the _______
of living.
A. standard
B. cost
C. level
D. mode
7. The police have asked for the _______ of the public in
tracing the whereabouts of the escaped convict.
A. partnership
B. cooperation C. association
D. alliance
8. As a result of the strike, the government is urging
people to be ______ with electricity.
A. economy
B. economic
C. economical
D. economically
9. ______ the wet weather, the football match went aheaD.
A. Although B. Owing to
C. Since
D. In
spite of
10. _____ he had no money for a bus, he had to walk all the
way home.
A. Although B. As
C. While
D. When
Exercise 5. Complete these sentences in a logical way.
1. I understood what she was saying although
_______________________________
2. I was able to follow what she was saying whereas
__________________________
3. We enjoyed the holiday in spite of
______________________________________
4. The exam was very difficult. However,
__________________________________
5. Although it’s a long film,
_____________________________________________
6. I wouldn’t tell where John lives even if
_________________________________
7. She was good at physics despite the fact that
_____________________________
8. He is still out of work despite
_________________________________________
9. There are a lot of spelling mistakes; even so,
_____________________________
10. Hot though the night air was,
________________________________________