Directions: Match the Enlightenment
philosopher to the best match.
• Ideas on government
inspire calls for
Democracy
• American Revolution
• Rebellions in Latin
America
• Growing unrest in
France
French society was divided into 3
classes called “Estates”:
First Estate
Catholic church
officials &Clergy
3rd Estate
1. Bourgeoisie –
educated city
lawyers, doctors,
businessmen
2. Peasants &
farmers
1st
2nd
3rd
2nd Estate
Nobility & aristocracy
• Only 1% of
population
• Own 10% of
land
• Pay NO taxes
• 3% of population
• Own 20% of the
land
• Pay NO TAXES
• Control
government & live
off collected tax
money
• 95% of population
• Almost no say in
government
• Pay all the taxes
• Pay tithes to Church
• Huge debt from the
Palace of Versailles
• Absolute Monarch
but a weak ruler
• Attempts reforms
but many fail due to
nobility
• Queen of France
• BIG spender
• “Let them eat
cake”??
What is the Third Estate?
Everything. What has it been in
the political order? Nothing.
What does it desire to be?
Something!
• Member of the
Estates General
• Inspires 3rd Estate
to seek power
• Type of representation
• Rarely meet
• 1 vote per Estate
• 3rd Estate ALWAYS
outvoted
• Locked out of the
Estates General, 3rd
Estate signs the
Tennis Court Oath
• Creates a National
Assembly
• Issue the Declaration
of the Rights of Man
and of the Citizen
• Peasants riot
throughout
France
• Nobles homes
ransacked by
the 3rd Estate
• Prison in Paris
& symbol of
royal authority
stormed
• Starts the
revolution – July
14, 1789
• Begins the Reign
of Terror
• Mass executions
of enemies of the
Revolution
• Thousands sent
to the guillotine
• Leads the
Committee of Public
Safety
• Designed to
suppress opposition
inside & outside
France
• Calls for the
execution of King
Louis
• Military ruler
• Takes power after
a coup d'état after
Revolutionary
leaders go to far
• Restores order
after the chaos of
Revolution
• Issues the
Napoleonic Code –
eliminates the
Estate System
• Simplifies the laws
in France
• Uses the
continental system
to isolate England
and invade Europe
• Invasion of Russia
fails and devastates
his army
• Defeated by the British at Waterloo
• Placed in prison in exile
• Leads the Congress
of Vienna
• Adopts a Balance
of Power doctrine
• Restores
monarchies
• Boundaries of
Europe redrawn