Petroleum Institute
Electrical Engineering Department
A Tomography Device for Real-time Two Dimensional Image
Reconstruction of the fluid passing through a Pipe
Submitted to:
Dr. Abdurrahim El-Keib, Professor and Program Director, Petroleum
Institute, Ruwais Building, Room 3207A
Dr. Mahmoud Meribout, Associate Professor, Petroleum Institute, Umm
Shaif Building, Room 4123.
Submitted by:
Thuraya Al-Hanaei, Undergraduate Senior Electrical student.
Fatima Al-Zaabi, Undergraduate Senior Electrical student.
Rehab Bani-Hashim, Undergraduate Senior Electrical student.
Sameya Al-Ghafri Undergraduate Senior Electrical student.
Date of submission: 28th of November, 2010.
Table of Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
Executive Summary
Introduction Section
The Problem Statement
Design specifications
Project Goals and Objectives
The Project Team
Solution Approach
Economics
Testing and Validation plan
Project Schedule
Facilities and Equipment needed
Budget
Reporting, Documentation and Maintenance and Upgrade Plans
Deliverables
Societal and Environmental Impacts
Professional Engineering Ethics
Sustainability
Manufacturability
Health and Safety
A Summary and Closing Section
References
Appendices
1
2
2
3
3
3
4
4
4
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
8
I
22.1. Appendix (A): Gantt Chart
22.2. Appendix (B): Percent Completion Matrix
22.3. Appendix (C): Linear Responsibility Chart
22.4. Appendix (D): Table of Deliverables
22.5. Appendix (E): Team’s ethics code
I
II
IV
VI
VIII
1. Executive Summary
This report discusses the proposed project which is designing a tomography device that performs real-time two
dimensional image reconstruction of the fluid passing through a pipe. It basically performs a sequence of one
dimensional data acquisition at different angles of the pipe and proceeds by running a dedicated inversion algorithm.
There are many constraints on the operation of this design. For example, fluid passing through the device has a
minimal error accuracy of 10% and the time required for data acquisition and image reconstruction should not
exceed 20 seconds, etc. Our project aims to build a strong theoretical and algorithmic background on Tomography.
In order to accomplish the best quality of this work, tasks were distributed among the team members and table was
written which specified the role of each member.
Our design does not cost a lot; it is just the cost of few inexpensive instruments. The main cost is the effort put to
prepare the codes of the program that will construct the image of the fluid inside the pipelines. The project consist of
two testing stages the hardware and the software. The hardware testing includes studying the accumulating error,
interfacing with the external interference, effects of the environment and withstanding the high pressure and
temperature. However, the software testing includes finding the connection between the MATLAB and LABVIEW
programs and if the user can use the device without uploading the program in the computer.
In order to meet the deadline, the project has been divided into different main tasks such as, understanding the
problem statement, building a theoretical background, setting the project schedule and deliverables, and also looking
at important issues such as sustainability, and Health and Safety of the project.
In addition, the team produced different charts that set the details of the deliverable of this project and their deadline
such as a Gantt chart, Percent Complete Matrix and the linear responsibility table. Our project’s budget includes the
research budget and the product/equipment budget. Moreover, the team decided to submit a weekly work-inprogress report (minutes) to update. In addition, upgrade plans report will be submitted that give details about any
replacements for certain parts along with reasons of replacement, and how effective these changes are.
Our design will help the oil industry to recover a huge amount of oil savings as well as fewer chemicals will be used
if the design functioned effectively. The main highlighted ethical issue involved is “copy-right” issue since this
project will include different software programs from different companies. To provide sustainability of the project,
all the documents of the project as well as the prototype results will be saved in a CD as backup for the client and
the group.
1
2. Introduction
Two dimensional reconstructions of resistivity data techniques are well established to a wide range in geophysical
problems [1]. The importance of these techniques is increasing due to the increase of development of automatically
multiplexed measuring systems where a number of measurements are needed in a limited time [1]. Different
methods such as: Finite Element Method (FEM) and Finite Difference Method (FDM) are used in solving a forward
problem to find the capacitance of different sensors. The FEM solves the main equation by dividing the plain into
homogeneous triangular regions [1]. However, Engineers found that the (FEM) has problem with time-consuming
during the transform of integral equation. On the other hand, engineers observed that the (FDM) is only appropriate
for either square or rectangular sensors [2]. [2] Mainly discuss a new method which is known as the Capacitor Mesh
Model for capacitor tomography. This discoverable method has advantages over the other two methods – (FEM) and
(FDM) - in a way that the Capacitor Mesh Model is simpler than the Finite Element method and more appropriate
than the Finite difference method for circular Electrical Capacitor Tomography. The main idea of the Capacitor
Mesh Model Method (CMMM) is that is used an update sensitivity matrix to reconstruct an image [2]. The first step
in that method is to divide the imaging area into pixels, then each pixel should be defined by: position, dimension
and electric parameter. Another image that represents the pixel as a node with different capacitance branches is
produced in order to find the electrical parameter [2]. Using Kirchhoff’s law to the node image the induced current
for each capacitance in that node can be found. Using Maxwell first equation and Gauss elimination method the
potential distribution for all electrodes can be found decomposed all of them in one matrix [2]. The next step of
(CMMM) is to produce the sensitivity matrix that produces all the necessary calculations using specific software and
form this matrix result graphing software can produced the sensor capacitance image [2].
In oil process it is necessary to measure the flow of the fluids in the mixture in order to ensure the efficiency of the
oil development [3]. Although it is easy to separate these compounds and measure them separately, these separators
are large and have expensive installation [3]. Therefore, a flow meter that can measure the flow of the multi-phase
fluid is needed. This can done using the electrical capacitance tomography technology (ECT). This technique can
estimate the flow of the two phase gas oil and visualize it by finding the distributions of the compounds of the two
planes around the pipe [3]. Moreover, ECT technique has no radiation, quick response, low cost and can withstand
high temperature and high pressure [3]. It can be applied by inserting a sensor that consists of ring of n electrodes
around the pipe. A screen has to cover the device in order to avoid the outside interference. Self and mutual
capacitances can be obtained by applying given amplitude of periodic signal [3]. Moreover, electrode charge can
also be measured from the electrode current. This can be done by first applying an excitation voltage to the electrode
one and keeping all other electrodes at no potential in order to measure the charge of electrode two to twelve if we
assumed that we have twelve electrodes [3]. After that, the potential has to be applied to electrode 2 with keeping all
the electrodes from three to twelve with no potential in order to measure the charge of electrode three to twelve and
so on until all the mutual capacitances measured. These determined capacitances are a not linear function with
respect to the relative permittivity of the distribution of the fluid in the sensor [3]. Therefore, it is necessary to use a
reconstruction algorithm in order to find the image. The preferred solution is the Linear Back Projection because it
can reconstruct the image from the relative permittivity distribution at a certain cross section found by the electrode
[3]. Although it is has a poor accuracy, it is a fast technique and can measure the operation’s real time.
3. The Problem Statement
Real-time Measurement of the fluid passing though the pipes is of great importance since it allows an efficient
control of the production process. Most of the existing techniques are either radioactive which is considered to be
not safe or not accurate enough. The goal of this project is to design a tomography device which performs real-time
two dimensional image reconstruction of the fluid passing through a pipe. It performs a sequence of one dimensional
data acquisition at different angles of the pipe and to proceed by running a dedicated inversion algorithm.
This project includes some of realistic constraints in the design which are listed below:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
2
Achieve a two dimensional reconstruction of the fluid passing through the device with a minimal error
accuracy of 10%.
The device should provide a standard computer interface to a General Purpose IBM-compatible computer
(e.g. RS232, RS485, PCI, or parallel interfaces).
The delay time required for data acquisition and image reconstruction should not exceed 20 seconds.
The device should be within temperature range of 20 ᵒC to 45ᵒC.
Provide a Graphical User Interface (GUI) to display the reconstructed image onto a screen.
6.
7.
8.
The algorithm for image reconstruction and data acquisition can be embedded into any general purpose
computer having 2 GB hard disk and 256 Mbytes of memory.
The device should be powered with a standard power voltage level (e.g. 24VDC and/or 220VAC).
The design should be operational before May 5th, 2010.
4. Design specifications
A two dimensional reconstruction of the fluid passing through the pipe can be constructed by manipulating the
received data from the electrodes. One of the electrodes only can be excited at a time which creates an induced
voltage from the rest of electrodes. Various values of induce voltage send to analog multiplexer which will play a
role of intermediate between the hardware and the software. After the data sent to the computer by using IEEE-488
control which is an 8-bits, electrically parallel bus1, eight signal lines from total of sixteen signal lines for bidirectional data transfer. Moreover, a feedback provided from the computer side to the analog multiplexer by using
serial interface RS232. Electronics Industries Association (EIA) standard RS-232 and it commonly used nowadays
in computer serial ports2. Note that the device should be powered with a standard power voltage level for instance,
24VDC and 220VAC.
5. Project Goals and Objectives
The main purpose of this project is to build a strong theoretical and algorithmic background on Tomography. It aims
also to design a tomography system that consists of capacitance arrays, front end analog electronics and digital
hardware architecture of the algorithm. For efficient oil development, it is necessary to accurately measure the
products result from the oil wells. This is because oil fields often produce mixtures of gas, oil and water with other
impurities such as sand that made it difficult to approximate the relative composition. These mixtures can be
separated and estimated separately using the single flow meters such as orifice plates or the turbine meters. Orifice
plate is a device used for measuring the flow of the gases using two plates with a nozzle in the middle and the
turbine meter is a device used for measuring oil. However, these devices need large separators which are bulky and
need a lot of maintenance. Therefore, it is easier to use a simple multi-phase flow meter that can measure the flow of
each component without separating them. As a result, this project was chosen to construct the picture of the pipe
using the electrical capacitance tomography techniques. The image will be constructed using a sensor that will be
placed around the non-conducting pipe covered with a screen to avoid external interference. A software will be
attached that will interface with the hardware and will visualize the image of the oil and gas flow.
6. The Project Team
In order to achieve the best quality of the team work, work was distributed among the group member according to
their experience, interest and their skills. Distributed works are flexible and can be changed according to the project
phase and the requirements of each phase. If one of the team members was absent, all the group members are
responsible of her work. The following table shows the role of each team member and her qualifications.
Table 1: The role of each team member and her qualifications.
Team Member
Fatima Al Zaabi
Part
Software



Rehab Bani Hashim
Hardware



Role
Proof reading
Investigating Finite
Element Method
Checking deadlines
Planning and Time
Management
Designing
the
Prototype
Consulting advisor






Qualifications
Getting A grades in Calculus
Expert in checking the
spelling and the grammar
Design an Arabic-English
translator
using
Microcontroller
Vice President of the Student
Council
Participation in designing a
Weather Station project
Participation in conferences
and writing a conference
1
IEEE-488, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE-488#IEEE-488, accessed on 26th of November, 2010.
2
RS-232, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RS-232, accessed on 26th of November, 2010.
3
Sameya Hamdan
Hardware



Thuraya Al Hanaei
Software




Arranging meeting
Designing
the
Prototype
Gathering
information
from
books
Typing documents
Distributing work
Writing
MATLAB
codes
Consulting
lab
instructor





papers
Expert in critical reading and
computer works
Participation in designing a
car cooling system using
solar energy
Vice president women in
Engineering IEEE student
chapter
Participation in programming
the microcontroller
Expert in writing MATLAB
code and VHDL program
7. Solution Approach
In order to produce efficient work meets all the deadlines, time management skills needed. These skills are required
to organize our work and to schedule our deliverables. In order to achieve this, a schedule was designed that
illustrates the tasks, assigned team member, deliverables and deadlines respectively.
A meeting will be held during the project at least once a week. In this meeting, previous work done will be checked
and work for the next week will be distributed according to the assigned person and the deadlines. A meeting will
also be conducted with the instructor once a week to ensure that the team is on the right track and solve any problem
appeared. Finally, all the members should check any deliverables with the instructor before the deadlines to ensure
that we met the requirements.
Moreover, to provide an easy communication between the team members and the client Data Retrieved System
(DRS) is required. This system provides easy access for all the team members to any project document available in
the folder and to exchange the work between them. In addition, this system helps to keep in touch with the advisor
and all the team members. Finally, a website will be prepared that will includes all the documents of the projects to
easily access by the team members and the client without any user name or password.
8. Economics
It was decided in this project that the cost of the project has to be less than the separators that can separate the fluid
and measure the flow of each compound separately. Our project does not cost a lot because it is just need some
instruments and software. The main cost of our project is the effort put to write the codes that has the ability to
construct the image of the pipe. All the instruments needed are eight electrodes, insulated screen, RLC meter, analog
multiplexer and computer. In addition, since the device will track the flow and with further improvements it can
works as early detector of liquid leakage, it can help in recovering a lot of oil companies’ money.
9. Testing and Validation plan
Testing of the project can be divided into three sections testing of the hardware, testing of the software, and finally
testing the interface between the hardware and the software. Testing the hardware includes ensuring that the
instruments do not get affected by the external interference and if they do an insulated screen has to be provided. In
addition, it has to be ensured that instrument does not accumulate the errors after conducting the experiment. Testing
also involve checking the instrument ability to withstand high temperature and pressure. Comparing the theoretical
and practical values of the two capacitor plates, different dielectric materials must be used. After investigating all
these conditions, an impedance analyzer will be used to measure the capacitance effect on the two parallel plates by
sending current through them. Practical values will be compared with the theoretical values until it match each other.
This is done in order to ensure that all other factors do not affect our measurements. After that, the analog
multiplexer circuit that will be used in the interface stage has to be checked and tested to ensure it has low power
application usage, low ON resistance and high OFF resistance. Finally, the RLC meter will be tested to ensure that
its input connected to the multiplexer and its output to a host computer.
4
On the other hand, testing of the software part includes finding if the software can interconnect with the hardware
part correctly. In addition, it includes finding if the MATLAB program, which can solve the finite element method,
can be successfully connected with Labview program. This last type of connection is needed to upload the
MATLAB codes to the Labview program and reconstruct the image of the pipe.
10. Project Schedule
After studying the project’s idea, specifications and constrains, the team start to divide the main tasks and subtasks
of the project. The project has been divided into different main tasks such as, understanding the problem statement,
building a theoretical background, setting the project schedule and deliverables, and also looking at some of the
important issues such as sustainability, and Health and Safety of the project.
Since deadline means an important issue in such professional project and as a project’s time management, the team
produced different matrix and chart that set the details of the deliverable of this project and their deadline as well as
divide the tasks among the team members depending on each member's qualifications.
The Gant Chart which is attached in (appendix A) shows the division of the project main tasks and subtasks and also
the deadline of each deliverable. The Percent Complete Matrix (appendix B) and a linear responsibility table
(appendix C) both designed by the team to represent the responsibility of each team member and help in following
the project accomplishments.
11. Facilities and Equipment needed
In order to start working on our design, we need certain instrumentations to carry out our measurements. For
experimental purposes, we are using impedance analyzer to measure the capacitance effect into two parallel plates
by sending AC voltage across them. These plates are conductive with different sizes, and we are using them to find a
factor of rate of change for these measurements. The results obtained are going to help us in taking the design to the
next stage for development.
In the hardware part, a pipe and a number of electrodes need to be used in order to get a full picture of the fluid
inside this pipe. As a result, we are going to use about eight electrodes to get this picture and we can add more
electrodes in the future in case it is needed for accuracy and quality purposes. An electrode multiplexer or analog
multiplexer with precise specifications like low power application usage, low On resistance and high Off resistance,
is going to be used. Furthermore, an impedance analyzer will take its input from the multiplexer and will send its
output to a host computer (using IEEE standard AC-AC control).
In the software part, we are investigating different software such as Labview, Matlab, and Visual C program to find
the most suitable software that will fulfill our approaches. Furthermore, we are trying to find a connection between
Labview and Matlab to apply the codes made in Matlab to the Labview.
We need to be updated with the latest technologies used in the oil industry for these kinds of measurements so that
we minimize the effort of designing (hardware and the software) and maximize the quality of our work.
12. Budget
The budget of the project will consist of two different budgets, the research budget and the product/equipment
budget. The research budget which will almost cost of 100 $ will be covered by Electrical Engineering department at
the Petroleum Institute. However, the products/equipment needed to be ordered from some vendors companies their
budget will be covered either by the Electrical Engineering Department or by the project’s budget. Nevertheless, the
total cost of the project should be kept within acceptable limit.
Table [2] below lists all needed
products/equipments.
Table 2: list of equipment with cost
Equipment name
LCR Meters*
Tube
Wires*
Electrodes
5
Number of parts
1
1
Approximately 0.5 meter
8
Cost ($)
$2499.00
$20.00
$5.00
$5.00
Electrode or Analog Multiplexer
4
$1.28
Impedance Analyzer*
1
$2,595.00
*This equipment will provided by Electrical Engineering department at the Petroleum Institute.
13. Reporting, Documentation and Maintenance and Upgrade Plans
Submitting a weekly work-in-progress report (minutes) to update the client. We can include the following points
after each meeting to make the process of retrieving the information discussed easily when needed:






Date of the conducted meeting.
Topics and the issues discussed during the meeting.
Tasks distributed with deadlines.
Brief description of each task.
Next topic to be prepared and meeting date.
Comments and important notes.
In this way, these minutes will summarize the issues that have been solved, or still are working on, or maybe
replaced due to unknown circumstances. The client may use these minutes for reporting and evaluation purposes.
Furthermore, it shows the client how professional our work is and how active we are.
Another way is having a maintenance and upgrade plans report for the parts we are using in our design. This report
will give details about any replacements for certain parts along with reasons of replacement, and how effective these
changes are. For example, we were using a chip called 4634 and 7404 ICs that has only positive input voltage and
GND power supply which will not serve our purpose since we cannot send a negative signal. We replaced this chip
with another one called MAX4734 that does the same function but has two inputs (positive and negative). This
method of reporting will give us self-confident in case we were questioned from our client of why we chose certain
equipment and not another in terms of the budget and the cost.
14. Deliverables
This section provides a full description of how each product will be produced and handed for the client in a way that
will help in persuading the client’s market position.
Table [3] which is attached in (appendix D) provides the details of each deliverable.
Looking at the details of each project’s product and its objective, it presents how the team is very detailed and
precise in meeting the project’s objectives and constrains using the best method. This table is also shows how the
team is very careful in keeping the client with the latest updates and details of each project phase. These methods
will make the client much comfortable about the product and help in persuading him that the product can be a strong
competitive in the market position.
15. Societal and Environmental Impacts
In the societal impacts point of view, the design will help the oil industry to recover a huge amount of oil savings if
it was monitored successfully. In the environmental impacts point of view, fewer chemicals will be used and good
quality products are going to be presented if the design functioned effectively. Also, since we are using AC power to
turn on our device, we can use one of the renewable energy sources to minimize the effect on the environment by
using DC to AC convertor.
16. Professional Engineering Ethics
Since engineering ethics one of the most important issues in any engineering project, the team had already produced
an ethics’ code (appendix E) that will be used as a reference during the project.
The only main highlighted ethical issue that is involved in this project is the “copy-right” issue since this project will
include different software programs from different companies and will be used for calculations and graphing. In
order to avoid such ethical problem the team will make sure to refer each program used in each phase as a part of
protecting the copy-rights of these companies. In addition to all the reports, the hard copy manual, as well as the soft
copies that will be uploaded, will contain the references of these programs.
6
17. Sustainability
At the end of this project all the documents that will include the technical descriptions of the hardware and the
software as well as the prototype results will be saved in a CD as a softcopy backup for both the client and the
group. Another two softcopies can be uploaded in both a special EE program webpage that contains all other groups’
designs as well as on internet blog. By having these two softcopies it will be easier for anyone interested in such
kind of project to look at the information and results that we found or maybe upgrade the information for any future
continuation. This software system can be designed in such way that is divided by categories such as: written
documentation, software example and hardware example. Another way of documenting is by installing the prototype
in one of the workshop with a hardcopy manual that provides all the technical details that are needed to operate such
device.
18. Manufacturability
From table [3] which describes the details of each deliverable, it is noticeable that each of Milestone 1, detailed
report as well as the final report will document all the technical details for the software as well as the hardware for
the manufactured product. In addition the final report will include all the product specifications, conditions and the
way of operation. One main important issue that will be highlighted in this report is the operator health and safety
which considered as a very important document in the manufacturability. Scaling up the project for a real production
for future interests will be also included in the final report.
19. Health and Safety
Since our design contains different hardware testing, the team read about the lab safety document written by EE
department and we make sure that each member fully understands and follows the lab safety rules. In order to
maximize the safety in the lab, we decided as a team that throughout working inside the lab at least two members
should be available. Furthermore, any initial hardware implementation after accomplishing the designing process
should be applied with presence of the project supervisor. Finally, to ensure any operator safety, a code of health and
safety will be included in the prototype manual.
20. A Summary and Closing Section
Different methods have been discussed in order to select the most suitable method to design our project. Finally the
forward modeling scheme has been selected to be used with a finite element method to solve the non-linear
equations. These non-linear equations are obtained from different triangular which will be produced in the cross
section of the pipe. The computational time as well as the accuracy must be taken into consideration while working
in the design in order to meet our client requirements. At the end of the project, the team will produce a prototype of
a two dimensional reconstruction of the fluid passing through the pipe with respect to specific specifications and
environment conditions.
7
21. References
[1] P. TSOURLOS, J. E. SZYMANSKI and G. N. TSOKAS, “A generalized iterative back-projection algorithm for
2-D reconstruction of resistivity data: application to data-sets from archaeological sites”, Journal of Balkan
Geophysical Society, Vol.8, No.2, May, 2005.
[2] J. Mirkowski, W. Smolik, M. Yang, T. Olsezewski, R. Szabatin, D. Radomski and W. Yang, “A New Forward
Problem Solver Based on a Capacitor Mesh Model for Electrical Capacitance Tomography”, IEEE, 2008.
[3] J.C. Gamio, C. Ortiz-Aleman and R.Martin, “Electrical capacitance tomograpghy two-phase oil-gas pipe flow
imaging by the linear back-projection algorithm”, Geofisica International (2005), vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 265-273.
8
22. Appendices
22.1. Appendix (A)
I
22.2. Appendix (B): Percent Completion Matrix
Task
Days
Percent of Total
Status
Credit (Days)
Start Project
0
0.0%
0
0.0
Memo of Understanding Presentation
7
5.8%
2
10
Clarifying Original Statement
2
1.7%
2
2
Revised Statement
2
1.7%
2
2
Dividing the main tasks
1
0.8%
2
1
Conduct codes of ethics and conducts
2
1.7%
2
2
Research and Feedback
25
20.8%
1
8.3
Finding Previous Solutions
7
5.8%
1
2.3
Studying method of calculation and
graphing
18
15%
1
6
Project Planning
1
0.8%
2
1
Producing matrix and charts
1
0.8%
2
1
Project Proposal
5
4.2%
1
1.7
Regular reports and presentations
10
8.3%
1
3.3
Milestone 1 Report & Presentation
20
16.7%
1
6.7
LABView model
10
8.3%
1
3.3
Results of initial hardware testing
10
8.3%
1
3.3
Detailed Design Report & presentation
30
25%
0
0
Final Programming codes for
calculations and graphing
19
15.8%
0
0
Selecting the design material and
components
6
5%
0
0
Engineering sketches
5
4.2%
0
0
Building Prototype
10
8.3%
0
0
Testing Prototype
10
8.3%
0
0
Feedback and Modifications
7
5.8%
0
0
Internal Feedback Modifications
4
3.3%
0
0
II
external feedback modifications
3
2.5%
0
0
Final report
8
6.7%
0
0
Final presentation
2
1.7%
0
0
End Project
0
0.0%
0
0
120
100%
Total
Key
0 = Not Started, No Credit
1 = In Process, 1/3 Credit
2 = Completed, Full Credit
III
31%
22.3. Appendix (C): Linear Responsibility Chart
Tasks
1. Project management
Thuraya
Fatima
Rehab
Sameya
1
1
2
3
1
3
1
2
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1.1 Manage meetings
1.2 Develop project plan
1.3 Track progress
1.4 Manage progress report
1.5 Organize portfolio
1.6 Communicate with client
2. Writing
2.1 Collect relevant info.
2.2 Develop outline
2.3 Write report
2.4 Proof-read
2.4.1 Content
2.4.2 Layout
3. Presentation
3.1 Collect relevant info.
3.2 Develop outline
3.3 Write presentation
3.4 Proof-read
3.4.1 Content
3.4.2 Layout
3.5 Rehearse
3.6 Produce poster
4.Design
4.1 Problem definition
IV
4.2 Research
4.3 Rank objectives
4.4 Develop objectives-function table
4.5 Brainstorm designs
4.6 Select calculation method
4.7 Select software programs
4.8 Select hardware components
4.9 Choose final design
4.11 Divide design into systems & subsystems
5. Build
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
5.1 Produce engineering drawings
5.2 Produce LABVIEW model
5.3 Produce final calculation method
5.4 Produce final software program codes
5.5 Develop dimensions
5.6 Choose materials and components
5.7 Combine software with the hardware
6. Test
6.1 Design tests
6.2 Conduct tests
6.3 Record results
6.4 Apply appropriate changes to design
Key:
1 = Primary Responsibility
2 = Support / Work
3 = Consult
V
22.4. Appendix (D): Table of Deliverables
Deliverables
Memo of understanding
presentation
Research and feedback
Project planning
Project proposal
Regular progress reports and
presentations
Milestone 1 and presentation
Detailed design report and
presentation
Building a prototype
Feedback and modification
Final report and presentation
VI
Details of the product
This presentation is done after the
team revised the project statements
and starts to define the project main
task. In addition in this stage the
team produces both a code of
conducts and ethics that will be used
as references during this project or
any future projects.
This stage can be summarized by
report that shows the project
background, limitation, components
and operation. In addition in this
part the team can discuss the
previous solutions addressed to such
problem and the limitations of these
solutions.
As a part of the team’s time
management, the team produces
different tables and chart that set the
deadline and each team member
responsibility. In this stage the team
should submit 3 items which are:
Gant chart, Percent Complete Matrix
and linear responsibility table.
This document summarizes all the
project specifications, objectives,
constrains and the important issues
that will be involved in this project.
This type of reports and
presentations will be submitted each
2 weeks for the client summarizing
all the findings and describing the
stage where the team reaches to.
This report and presentation
provides the initial design of the
project with the results found to
match the practical side with the
theoretical result with the initial
LABview design of the project.
The Detailed design and
presentation provides the technical
details of the final method, programs
and components that will be used in
both hardware and software.
On this stage the team will combine
both the software and hardware to
produce and test a prototype of the
design.
This stage where the troubleshooting
of the design is done to report the
problems of the prototype and set
the modifications needed.
Provides all the technical details of
objective
Showing the team understanding for
the project specifications, objectives
and goals. In addition producing the
main two references that any
engineering team should have which
are code of conducts and ethics.
Showing the team’s level of
knowledge of the project
information and idea. In addition of
presenting previous solutions that
can be compared later with the team
solution to show the team’s solution
advantages.
The main point of the project
planning is to introduce the client
with the project’s items and their
deadline. In addition it helps the
team to keep track with project
responsibility and phases easily.
This document clarifies for the client
all the project’s initial information
and details.
This kind of documents will help in
updating the client information
about the team’s progress.
Milestone 1 provides the initial
hardware and software results that
are compared with the theoretical
information.
Presenting the technical details of
the final method of both hardware
and software that will be used in the
project.
Testing the validation of the design.
Modifying the design prototype.
Providing the final technical details
the modified design from both sides’
hardware and software and reporting
the results of the prototype and how
it does match the project objectives’.
VII
of the design.
22.5. Appendix (E): Team’s ethics code
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Use all the knowledge and skills to develop the benefit for the human being.
Work with honesty and integrity with ethically handling all the problems appeared during the works.
Supporting all the engineers in other disciplines in the society.
Engineer should not challenge other unfairly.
Announce any violations out of these codes to the leader of the team.
Engineer should give the chance for the development of other colleges under supervision.
Be responsible of all the professional actions.
Accept responsibility in making decisions consistent with the safety, health and welfare of the public, and
to disclose promptly factors that might endanger the public or the environment.
9. Be realistic in stating claims or estimates based on available data.
10. To seek, accept, and offer honest criticism of technical work, to acknowledge and correct errors, and to
credit properly the contributions of others.
VIII
DISCLAIMER
This proposal report was written by Electrical Engineering students at The Petroleum Institute. It has not been
altered or corrected as a result of assessment and it may contain errors and omissions. The views expressed in it
together with any recommendations are those of the students who wrote this report.