A TOMOGRAPHY IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION
DEVICE
A proposal and plan of action for ELEG
490 Design I
Submitted by:
Thuraya Al-Hanaei, Undergraduate Senior Electrical student.
Fatima Al-Zaabi, Undergraduate Senior Electrical student.
Rehab Bani-Hashim, Undergraduate Senior Electrical student.
Sameya Al-Ghafri Undergraduate Senior Electrical student.
Project Supervisors : Dr. Mahmoud Meribout
Dr. Khaled Al-Wahedi
December 13th ,2010
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PROPOSAL OUTLINE
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PROPOSAL OUTLINE
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PROBLEM STATEMENT
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PROBLEM STATEMENT (CONT.)
It includes some realistic constraints in the design
1. Achieve two dimensional reconstruction of the fluid passing
through the device with a minimal error accuracy of 10%
2. The device should provide a standard computer interface to a
General Purpose IBM-compatible computer (e.g. RS232, PCI,
or parallel interfaces)
3. The delay time required for data acquisition and image
reconstruction should not exceed 20 seconds
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PROBLEM STATEMENT (CONT.)
It includes some realistic constraints in the design
4. Provide a Graphical User Interface (GUI) to display the
reconstructed image onto a screen
5. The algorithm for image reconstruction and data acquisition can
be embedded into any general purpose computer having 2 GB
hard disk and 256 Mbytes of memory (RAM)
6. The device should be powered with a standard power voltage
level (e.g. 24VDC and/or 220VAC)
7. The design should be operational before May 5th, 2011.
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DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS
1. A two dimensional reconstruction image of the fluid passing
through a pipe can be constructed by manipulating the received
data from the electrodes
2. Only one of the electrodes can be excited at a time which
creates an induced voltage for the rest of electrodes
3. An analog multiplexer will be placed between the hardware
and software in order to receive the induced voltage and send
the output signal to the software
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DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS (CONT.)
4. IEEE-488 control will be used as standard interface for sending
data to the computer
5. Serial interface RS232 will link the feedback provided from
the computer side to the analog multiplexer
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PROJECT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
 The main purpose is to build a strong theoretical and
algorithmic background on Tomography
 It aims to design a tomography system that consists of
capacitance arrays, front end analog electronics and digital
hardware architecture of the algorithm
 For efficient oil development, it is necessary to accurately
measure the products result from the oil wells.
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Team Member
Fatima Al Zaabi
Part
Software
Role



Proof reading
Investigating Finite Element Method
Checking deadlines



Getting A grades in Calculus
Expert in checking the spelling and the grammar
Design an Arabic-English translator using
Microcontroller



Planning and Time Management
Designing the Prototype
Consulting advisor



Vice President of the Student Council
Participation in designing a Weather Station project
Participation in conferences and writing a
conference papers
THE PROJECT TEAM
Rehab Bani Hashim
Hardware
Qualifications
The work was distributed among the group member
according to their experience, interest and their skills
Sameya Hamdan
Hardware




Arranging meeting
Designing the Prototype
Gathering information from books
Typing documents


Expert in critical reading and computer works
Participation in designing a car cooling system
using solar energy
Thuraya Al Hanaei
Software



Distributing work
Writing MATLAB codes
Consulting lab instructor

Vice president women in Engineering IEEE student
chapter
Participation in programming the microcontroller
Expert in writing MATLAB code and VHDL program


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SOLUTION APPROACH
 In order to produce efficient work:
o A schedule was designed that illustrates the tasks,
assigned team member, deliverables and deadlines
respectively
 A meeting will be held during the project at least once a
week among team members
 A meeting will be conducted with the instructor once a
week to ensure that the team is on the right track and
solve any problem that might appear
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SOLUTION APPROACH
 In order to provide easy communication between the
team members and the client, Data Retrieved System (DRS)
is required.
o This system helps to keep in touch with the advisor
and all the team members.
 A website will be prepared with all project documents for
easy access by the team members and the client
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DESIGN’S BACKGROUND
 Tools of solving:
o Forward methods (example: ECT)
o Inverse methods
 Previous solutions for monitoring pipelines:
o Optical sensors to distinguish gas flow
o Ultrasonic sensors to distinguish water and oil
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ECONOMICS
Our project does not cost a lot because it needs:
o Few instruments
o Software codes (will be built by the team)
Improving the project in a future stage can help the device to
work as an early detector of fluid leakage  save the
company’s money
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TESTING AND VALIDATION PLAN
 Hardware Testing
 Software Testing
 Software & Hardware Interface Testing
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TESTING AND VALIDATION PLAN
 Hardware Testing
oInitial testing to match the practical results with the
theoretical concepts
o Make sure that the instrument is not affected by any
external interference and if it does, an screen layer has to
be provided
o Checking the instrument ability to withstand high
temperature and pressure
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TESTING AND VALIDATION PLAN
Software Testing
o Software interconnection with the hardware
o Two software programs interface which are MATLAB
LabView programs
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PROJECT SCHEDULE
 Different matrix and chart that set the details of the
deliverable of this project and their deadline have been
produced
 The Percent Complete Matrix designed to represent the
responsibility of each team member and help in keep track of
the project accomplishments
 The Gant Chart
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FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT
 For experimental purposes, we are using impedance analyzer to
measure the capacitance effect into two parallel plates
 In the hardware part:
o Pipe
o Number of electrodes
o Electrode multiplexer or analog multiplexer
 In the software part:
o Labview program
o Matlab program
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BUDGET
The cost of the project will consist of two budgets
 The research budget which will almost cost of 100 $ will be funded by
Electrical Engineering department at the Petroleum Institute
 The products/equipment ordered from some vendors companies
*This equipment will provided by Electrical Engineering department at the Petroleum
Institute
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REPORTING, MAINTENANCE AND
UPGRADE PLANS
 Submitting a weekly work-in-progress report (mints) to
update the client once the project has started
o Date of the conducted meeting
o Topics and the issues discussed during the meeting
o Tasks distributed with deadlines
o Brief description of each task
o Next topic to be prepared and meeting date
o Comments and important notes
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REPORTING, MAINTENANCE AND
UPGRADE PLANS
 Having maintenance and upgrade plans report
o Details about changes made in case of any replacements
in certain parts with reasons of replacements, and how
effective these changes are
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DELIVERABLES
 Full description of how each product will be produced and
handed for the client
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SOCIETAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACTS
 The design will help the oil industry to recover a huge
amount of oil savings
 Since we are using AC power to turn on our device, we can
use one of the renewable energy sources to minimize the
effect on the environment by using DC to AC convertor
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PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING
ETHICS
 Engineering ethics is one of the most important issues in
any engineering project
 Ethics’ codes were produced as a reference during the
project
 The only main highlighted ethical issue that is involved in
this project is the “copy-right” issue since this project will
include different software programs from different companies
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SUSTAINABILITY
 All the documents, that include the technical descriptions
of the hardware and the software as well as the prototype
results, will be saved in a CD as a softcopy backup for both
the client and the group
 Two softcopies can be uploaded in both a special EE
program webpage and internet blog
 Another way of documenting is by installing the prototype
in one of the workshop with a hardcopy manual
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MANUFACTURABILITY
 The final report will include all the product specifications,
conditions and the operation method
 The operator health and safety which is considered as a
very important document in manufacturability
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HEALTH AND SAFETY
 Each member should fully understand the lab safety rules
document written by EE department
 The presence of the project supervisor is required when
implementing the design at the first time
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MANAGEMENT
 Formal and informal meetings with the Project
Supervisor
 Formal report
Dr. Abdurrahim El-Keib, Professor and Program Director.
Dr. Mahmoud Meribout and Dr. Khaled Al-Wahedi , Project Supervisor
Mr. Wael El Sokary, Communication Instructor
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CONCLUSIONS
Team members: Thuraya Al-Hanaei, Fatima Al-Zaabi, Rehab
Bani-Hashim, Sameya Al-Ghafri
Task: design a tomography device which performs real-time
two dimensional image reconstruction of the fluid passing
through a pipe
Time Frame: October 1, 2010 -May 5th , 2011
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REFERENCES
[1] P. TSOURLOS, J. E. SZYMANSKI and G. N. TSOKAS, “A
generalized iterative back-projection algorithm for 2-D reconstruction of
resistivity data: application to data-sets from archaeological sites”, Journal
of Balkan Geophysical Society, Vol.8, No.2, May, 2005.
[2] J. Mirkowski, W. Smolik, M. Yang, T. Olsezewski, R. Szabatin, D.
Radomski and W. Yang, “A New Forward Problem Solver Based on a
Capacitor Mesh Model for Electrical Capacitance Tomography”, IEEE,
2008.
[3] J.C. Gamio, C. Ortiz-Aleman and R.Martin, “Electrical capacitance
tomograpghy two-phase oil-gas pipe flow imaging by the linear backprojection algorithm”, Geofisica International (2005), vol. 44, No. 3, pp.
265-273.
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