Chapter 2 Teddy Bear
Chapter 2 outlines the beginnings of colonial society. With the Glorious revolution and shift
of powers in Europe, there was a sudden flow of migrants to America. Most crossed for religious
freedom, some for economic opportunity, and some to escape punishment they faced in Europe. The
colonies first appeared in the Chesapeake, in Jamestown. The colony experienced trouble with
natives, harsh environmental conditions, having fewer women than men, and individualism among
the colonists. John Rolfe took over the colony and turned the colonists toward a common cause that
saved the colony: harvesting tobacco as a commercial crop. King James I tried to declare Virginia as
a royal colony, but the House of Burgesses forced the monarchy to recognize them as a form of
government. George Calvert established Maryland as a proprietary colony with toleration for all
Christian religions, even Catholicism. Puritans settled the Massachusetts Bay colony under John
Winthrop, and they flourished under the Congregationalist church government and their drive
towards a common goal; create the “city on a hill”. The European settlers generally lived in peace,
but some people, such as Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams, were seen as heretics and were
exiled for their views. Anne Hutchinson established New Hampshire, and Roger Williams
established Rhode Island. The middle colonies (NY, NJ, PA, and DE) had both social and cultural
diversity. New Netherland belonged to the Dutch, then the English took over the colony and renamed
it New York. NY was the most diverse of the colonies. New Jersey was separated for some time, but
in 1702 is was reunited by the English crown, but struggled with conflicts with the crown and other
colonies. Quakers believed that all were equal in the eyes of god, and that everyone had an inner light
therefore anyone could achieve salvation and there was no reason for learned ministry. William Penn
founded Pennsylvania, allowing people of all faiths and nationalities to settle. He tried to establish a
govt. based on Quaker principals, calling it his “Holy Experiment”, but this brought lasting problems
for the society. Though Penn’s colony experienced economic prosperity, it had internal conflict due
to the diversity. Penn was forced to leave PA due to legal reasons. The Carolinas were similar to
Maryland and Virginia, but evolved differently. When King Charles II was restored in England, the
Carolinas were settled as rewards to some of his followers “Lord Proprietors”. They had trouble
finding settlers because a lot of people had already settled north, so they tried offering land grants.
Anthony Ashley Cooper (not to be confused with Ashley Cooper Furniture) worked to bring people
into the Carolinas. Migrants came from the south, from places such as Barbados, and worked on
finding a sustainable cash crop. Eventually found success in rice by the 1690s. Due to conflicts
between the Lord Proprietors, the king separated the colony into North and South Carolina and
established them as royal colonies. James Oglethorpe founded Georgia as a place for indebted
prisoners from London to escape to. But with resistance from the settlers the colony faced political
and economic hardship.
Graphic Organizer:
Colony:
Virginia
Date Founded Founder:
1624
London Company
Pennsylvania
1682
William Penn
The Carolinas
1653
8 Lord Proprietors
Maryland
Georgia
1634
1732
Lord Baltimore
James Oglethorpe
New York
1664
Duke of York
New Jersey
1664
Lord Berkeley and Sir George
Carteret
Rhode Island
1636
Roger Williams
Summary:
Individualist,
money seeking
people. Not many
families.
Settling location for
Quakers
King James II gift
to 8 of his loyal
followers.
Catholic refuge
Refuge for indebted
prisoners.
Originally
inhabited by the
Dutch and taken
over by the English.
Also colonized by
the Dutch and taken
over by the English.
Initially founded as
East and West
Jersey but then they
were united.
Was used as a place
where the Puritan
religion could be
practiced freely.
DBQ
Using the documents, explain colonial society. Analyze their values and how and why they were
reflected throughout the 1600s.
Sources:
Richard Frethorne, Letter to His Parents (1623)
. . . I have nothing at all, no not a shirt to my backe, but two Ragges nor no Clothes, but one
poore suite, nor but one paire of shooes, but one paire of stockins, but one Capp, but two bands,
my Cloke is stollen by one of my owne fellowes, and to his dying hower would not tell mee what
he did with it [although some friends saw the "fellowe" buy butter and beef from a ship, probably
purchased with Frethorne's cloak]. . . . but I am not halfe a quarter so strong as I was in England,
and all is for want of victualls, for I doe protest unto you, that I have eaten more in a day at home
than I have allowed me here for a Weeke. . . .
O that you did see may daylie and hourelie sighes, grones, and teares, and thumpes that I afford
mine owne brest, and rue and Curse the time of my birth with holy Job. I thought no head had
beene able to hold so much water as hath and doth dailie flow from mine eyes.
John Smith, "The Starving Time" (1624)
Nay, so great was our famine, that a Salvage we slew, and buried, the poorer sort tooke him up
againe and eat him, nd so did divers one another boyled and stewed with roots and herbs: And
one amongst the rest did kill his wife, powdered [salted] her, and had eaten part of her before it
was knowne, for which hee was executed, as hee well deserved; now whether shee was better
roasted, boyled or carbonado'd [grilled], I know not, but of such a dish as powdered wife I never
heard of. This was that time, which still to this day we called the starving time; it were too vile to
say, and scarce to be beleeved, what we endured.
The Laws of Virginia (1610-1611)
And forasmuch as no good service can be performed, or were well managed, where military
discipline is not observed, and military discipline cannot be kept where the rules or chief parts
thereof be not certainly set down and generally know, I have, with the advice and counsel of Sir
Thomas Gates, Knight, Lieutenant-General, adhered unto the laws divine and orders politic and
martial of his lordship, the same exemplified, as addition of such others as I found either the
necessity of the present state of the colony to require or the infancy and weakness of the body
thereof as yet able to digest, and do now publish them to all persons in the colony, that they may
as well take knowledge of the laws themselves as of the penalty and punishment, which, without
partiality, shall be inflicted upon the breakers of the same.
1. First, Since we owe our highest and supreme duty, our greatest, and all our allegiance to
him from whom all power and authority is derived and flows as from the first and only
fountain, and being especial soldiers impressed in this sacred cause, we must alone
expect our success from him, who is only the blesser of all good attempts, the king of
kings, the commander of commanders, and lord of hosts, I do strictly command and
charge all captains and officers, of what quality or nature soever, whether commanders in
the field or in town or towns, forts or fortresses, to have a care that the Almighty God be
duly and daily served and that they call upon their people to hear sermons, as that also
they diligently frequent morning and evening prayer themselves by their own exemplar
and daily life and duty herein, encouraging others thereunto, and that such who shall
often and willfully absent themselves be duly punished according to the martial law in
that case provided.
John Winthrop, "A Model of Christian Charity" (1630)
God almighty in His most holy and wise providence hath so disposed of the condition of
mankind, as in all times some must be rich, some poor, some high and eminent in power and
dignity, others mean and in subjection.
Reason: First, to hold conformity with the rest of His works, being delighted to show forth the
glory of His wisdom in the variety and difference of the creatures and the glory of His power, in
ordering all these differences for the preservation and good of the whole.
Reason: Secondly, that He might have the more occasion to manifest the work of His spirit. First,
upon the wicked in moderating and restraining them, so that the rich and mighty should not eat
up the poor, nor the poor and despised rise up against their superiors and shake off their yoke.
Secondly, in the regenerate in exercising His graces in them, as in the great ones, their love,
mercy, gentleness, temperance, etc., in the poor and inferior sort, their faith, patience, obedience,
etc.
Reason: Thirdly, that every man might have need of other, and from hence they might all be knit
more nearly together in the bond of brotherly affection. From hence it appears plainly that no
man is made more honorable than another, or more wealthy, etc., out of any particular and
singular respect to himself, but for the glory of his creator and the common good of the creature,
man.
Multiple Choice:
1. In colonizing North America, the English monarchs:
a.
wanted to separate the colonies into distinct groups based on economics, politics,
religion, and labor system.
b.
relied on their close relationship with the Spanish for safety and assistance.
c.
negotiated treaties with the Indians.
d.
followed a precise course of geographic development.
e.
followed no central plan and granted charters and proprietorships for a variety of reasons.
2. The flow of immigrants to the English colonies in the seventeenth century
a.
followed a precise procedure formulated by religious leaders who based the settlement of
North America on biblical prophecy.
b.
was determined by North American weather patterns.
c.
consisted mostly of Irish prisoners of war.
d.
was determined by political upheaval, religious persecution, and economic recession.
e.
followed a central plan formulated by the various monarchs.
3. By founding a colony in North America, the London Company (later the Virginia Company)
initially wanted to
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
make profits through the discovery of gold and silver.
experiment with tobacco farming.
create a religious haven.
establish a military fort to counter the power of the Spanish
experiment with democracy.
4. In the early days of the Virginia colony, the settlers
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
were about evenly divided between men and women.
were amazed by their own improved health and success.
had few troubles, except for the unfriendly Indians.
preferred searching for gold to farming or guarding the settlement.
were well-prepared to plant a colonial outpost.
5. The solution to the economic problems of Virginia was
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
a reorganization of the joint-stock company with an infusion of new capital.
the cultivation of tobacco.
the arrival of the wealthy Puritans.
trading with Barbados.
a successful agreement with the Native Americans.
6. The Lords Baltimore viewed their colonizing project as
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
an outpost to oppose Catholic Spain.
None of the answers are correct.
a profit-seeking, joint-stock company.
a way to bring the true religion to the Indians.
a haven for English Catholics.
Key Terms:
Joint-Stock Company
House of Burgesses
Headright
Mayflower compact
John Winthrop –Antinomianism
Quakers
Frame of Government
Answer Sheet
Multiple Choice:
1. E
2. D
3. A
4. D
5. B
6. E
DBQ:
Use the 4 documents to illustrate the values the colonists shared and how they faced hardships.
Document 1 describes the specific struggles of a mand during the “starving times”. It could be used
to describe the struggle of the colonists as a whole with elaboration. Document 2 was a speech by
JOhn Smith to raise the spirits of colonists to help them persevere through the starving times, this
could be used to elaborate on the ways the colonists coped with the strain of starvation. Document 3
was the Laws of Virginia. These could be used to show how the colonists valued religion, but also
fair treatment that they had been starved of in Europe. Document 4 could also be used to elaborate on
the Christian values of the colonists.
Vocab:
Joint-Stock Company – a business organization in which people can invest without fear of
bankruptcy.
House of Burgesses – an elected representative assembly in the state of Virginia.
Headright – a 50-acre lot of land guaranteed to all colonists who paid their own transportation cost to
America
Mayflower compact – an agreement signed by the men aboard the mayflower to prevent anarchy in
the new settlement.
John Winthrop – this man gave a speech to men aboard a fleet of ships heading the the Massachusetts
bay colony. Said they must act as a beacon of Christianity to bring prosperity to themselves and
settlers to come.
Antinomianism – Anne Hutchinson came up with this ideology that challenged religious authority
and claimed that people could have personal contact with god.
Quakers – in this form of Christianity, there was no need for lead ministry and all people were equal.
They were also known as “Friends” or the “Friends Church”
Frame of Government – William Penn’s attempt at political order. He eliminated the establishment of
monarchy and instead opted for concepts of personal liberty. He guaranteed things such as liberty of
conscience, freedom from persecution, no taxation without representation, and due process of law.