Early
Greeks
City-States
Athens
Sparta
Persian
Wars
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Sea traders living on Crete,
whose capital was at Knossos.
Who are the Minoans?
Minoan paintings on
wet plaster walls.
What are frescoes?
Peninsula of Greece where the
Mycenaeans were located.
What is the
Peloponnesus?
They invaded and plunged
Greece into their Dark Ages,
of which we have no written
records.
Who are the Dorians?
Blind bard Homer
This was a unique sport the
Minoans engaged in,
displayed on their
pottery
.
and paintings.
What is bull-leaping?
Fortified hilltop in a
polis (city-state).
What is the acropolis?
The marketplace for a Greek
polis.
What is the agora?
Hereditary rule by a few
noble families.
What is an aristocracy?
Rule by a group of powerful
individuals, not necessarily
nobility (i.e. military rule).
What is an
oligarchy?
The use of this type of weapon,
making it less expensive, allowed
more Greeks to become hoplites
(foot-soldiers).
What is iron?
The Athenians were proud to
be descendents of these
people.
Who were the Ionians?
Athens is
located in
Attica.
Reformer who outlawed debt
slavery and divided Athenians
into social classes based on
wealth.
Who was Solon?
He is the father of Athenian
democracy who divided
Athens into ten
tribes or “demes”.
Who was Cleisthenes?
Term for the banishment or
exile from Athens, used for
political purposes.
What is ostracism?
Ostracism ballot
Athenians were chosen
randomly to serve a year in
this.
What is the Assembly or
Council of 500 (Boule)?
Messenian slaves in
Sparta.
What are helots?
He created strict laws for
Sparta.
Who was Lycurgus?
The five overseers and
advisors of the Spartan
government.
Who were ephors?
Spartan ruling assembly made
up of Spartiate males over the
age of 60.
What is the Council of
Elders or Senate?
Name for the disciplined,
intense military training for
Spartan boys.
What was agoge?
Athenian ship of three
tiers of rowers; quick &
maneuverable.
What was a trireme?
Xerxes built this in order
to cross the Hellespont.
What is a
pontoonbridge?
Greek messenger who ran 26
miles from Marathon to
Athens to tell of victory.
Who was Pheidippides?
Athenian leader who
encouraged the build-up of
Athens’ navy.
Who is Themistocles?
Final decisive battle of the
Persian Wars, in which the
Greek army defeats Mardonius’
troops.
What is Plataea?