Scalp & Muscles of face
D.Rania Gabr
D.Sama.
D.Elsherbiny
Objectives
• Explain the muscles of Scalp with their action.
• Enlist the muscles of facial expressions and discuss
their actions.
• Discuss temporomandibular joint (TMJ).
• Enlist and discuss the Muscles of Mastication.
• Enlist the muscles of Neck and discuss their actions.
Scalp
Extension
 Posteriorly: from the
superior nuchal lines of
the occipital bone
 Anteriorly: from the
supraorbital margin of
the frontal bone
 Laterally: over the
temporal fascia, to the
zygomatic arches
Layers:
S: Skin: contains hairs.
C: Connective tissue: contains nerve and blood supply of scalp.
A: Apponeurosis: contains occipito-frontali muscle.
L: Loose connective tissue: dangerous layer which contains
emissery veins.
P: Pericranium: periosteum which is adherent to the bone.
Frontallis:
 from skin and superficial fascia of eyebrows to
aponeurosis.
 Raises eyebrows
Occipitalis:
 from highest nuchal line to aponeurosis.
 Moves the scalp backward.
Nerve supply: facial nerve.
 Are derived from the 2nd pharyngeal arch
 Are supplied by the facial nerve
Orbital Muscles
 Orbicularis Oculi: 3 parts
1. Orbital part: powerful closure of the eye
2. Palpebral part: light closure (blinking)
3. Lacrimal part: dilate the lacrimal sac to aspirate tears from the eye
 Frontalis: elevate the eyebrow (act of surprise or fear)
Oral Muscles
 Buccinator
 Orbicularis oris
 Zygomaticus major: elevate the angle of the mouth
 Zygomaticus minor: elevate the upper lip
Orbicularis Oculi: 3 parts
1.Orbital part:
surround the orbital margin
from the medial palpebral ligament to the medial palpebral lig
powerful closure of the eye
2. Palpebral part:
present in the eyelid
from the medial to the lateral palpebral ligament
light closure of the eye (blinking and sleep)
3. Lacrimal part:
from the lacrimal bone to the lacrimal sac
dilates the lacrimal sac to aspirate tears
Origin: outer aspect of maxilla and mandible.
Insertion; upper and lower lips.
Nerve supply; facial nerve.
Action: Blowing – prevent accumulation of food in vestibule of mouth
Orbicularis Oris
In the lips
Surrounds the mouth.
Nerve supply: facial nerve.
Action: whistling and kissing.
Ear Muscles
Nose Muscles
Platysma
Origin: from the deep fascia and skin over
pectoralis major and deltoid.
Insertion:
 inferior border of the mandible
 skin of the face inferior to the mouth
Nerve supply: Facial nerve
Action: depresses the angle of the mandible