Anilkumar Mailvaganam
Trends on International Energy Consumption and Demands
The ‘Did You Know?’ website dated 2010 states that five people are born and two
people die every second, a net gain of three people every second. If this trend continues,
the world population will double every 40 years and would be 12 billion in 40 years, 24
billion in 80 years, and more than 48 billion in 120 years. Data from the International Energy
Agency (IEA) specifies that from 1990 to 2008, the average energy use per person increased
10% while world population increased 27%. The US Energy Information Administration (EIA)
statistics show that between 1990 and 2008 the total primary energy consumption per
capita in 2009 was 71.264 (million Btu per Person). At this rate of consumption, the world
will not be able to meet the energy demands of an ever expanding world population.
According to the EIA, there was an increasing trend in world energy consumption
from 2000 to 2008 and then a slight decrease in 2009. This trend can be observed in the
table below.
Total Primary Energy Consumption (Quadrillion Btu)
2000
World
394.993
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
397.874
408.447
423.389
446.292
458.692
468.280
478.451
490.841
482.972
By region, energy consumption in the year 2000 was the highest in North America.
However, over the next ten years, consumption in this region increased very slightly and
finally decreased in 2009. A similar trend is observed in Europe and Eurasia. In contrast, the
Asia and Oceania region which was the second highest energy consumer in the year 2000
showed a very steady increase in consumption over the 10 year period, ending as the
highest energy consumer in the world in 2009. This increasing trend in energy consumption
is also observed in the regions of Central and South America, the Middle East and Africa.
Total Primary Energy Consumption (Quadrillion Btu)
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
North
America
Central
& South
America
Europe
118.224
115.345
117.047
117.957
120.432
121.192
120.766
122.610
120.506
114.605
20.788
21.082
21.079
21.529
22.460
23.176
24.298
24.602
25.621
25.248
81.169
82.429
82.163
83.805
85.331
85.759
86.356
85.733
85.597
81.055
Eurasia
Middle
East
Africa
Asia &
Oceania
39.189
17.353
38.866
17.980
40.229
19.030
41.643
19.818
42.668
20.967
42.831
22.877
42.401
23.955
43.903
23.931
44.883
26.149
40.196
27.791
12.034
106.237
12.623
109.549
12.712
116.187
13.347
125.290
13.953
140.480
14.537
148.319
14.617
155.887
15.153
162.519
16.180
171.905
16.053
178.025
Anilkumar Mailvaganam
The Enerdata Global Energy Statistical Yearbook 2012 observes that after a strong
growth in energy consumption was noticed worldwide in 2010, primary energy consumption
increased at a much slower pace in 2011.
The Bp Energy Report 2030 (18 April 2012) predicts that global energy demand will
show a tremendous increase in the next 20 years, fuelled by economic and population
growth in China and India, but at a slowing annual rate, due to advances in energy efficiency
and growth of renewables. China is expected to overtake the US to become the biggest
energy importer by 2030 as the world’s largest economy. Below are the expected energy
consumption
sector
and
region
and
sector
and
fuel
in
2030.
Anilkumar Mailvaganam
According to the Malaysian Economic Planning Unit, Malaysia’s energy consumption
per capita is still low but is expected to expand at a rapid rate with economic development.
In terms of source, 54% of energy demands in 2008 were from petroleum products,
followed by natural gas (24%), electricity (18%), and coal and coke with (4%). This can be
seen in the pie chart below.
In terms of demand by sector, the transport sector dominated the energy use in
Malaysia with 40.6% in 2000, increasing to 41.1% by 2010. This was followed by the
industrial sector (38.4% in 2000 going up to 38.8% in 2010) and the residential and
commercial sector (13.0% in 2000 falling to 12.8% in 2010). The sector with the smallest
energy demand was from agriculture and forestry with only 0.4% in 2000, increasing to 0.8%
in 2010. The main types of energy consumed by the transport sector were petrol and diesel
whereas for the industrial sector, the main forms of energy used were gas and electricity.
Final Commercial Energy Demand by Sector, Malaysia, 2000–2010
Source
Industrial1
Petajoules
2000
477.6
505.5
162.0
Transport
Residential
&
Commercial
Non94.2
Energy2
Agriculture
4.4
& Forestry
Total
1,243.7
Per cent of Total
Average Annual
Growth Rate (%)
8MP
9MP
5.7
6.4
5.5
6.6
5.6
6.0
2005
630.7
661.3
213.0
2010
859.9
911.7
284.9
2000
38.4
40.6
13.0
2005
38.6
40.5
13.1
2010
38.8
41.1
12.8
118.7
144.7
7.6
7.3
6.5
4.7
4.0
8.0
16.7
0.4
0.5
0.8
12.9
15.9
1,631.7
2,217.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
5.6
6.3
Source of Data: Ninth Malaysia Plan 2006–2010, Table 19-2.
1 Includes manufacturing, construction and mining.
2 Includes natural gas, bitumen, asphalt, lubricants, industrial feedstock and grease.
Anilkumar Mailvaganam
R. Saidur of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya in
Kuala Lumpur, estimated the energy consumption of major equipment in Malaysian office
buildings in 2009. In an office building air-conditioners are the major energy users (57%).
Air-conditioners are commonly used because Malaysia is a tropical country which is situated
on the equator. Therefore, it is mostly hot and damp throughout the year. Lighting comes
after that with (19%). In almost every office building lighting is essential but is only used
when necessary. Lifts and pumps are 18% and other equipment is 6%.
In Malaysia, Vision 2020 is a policy that envisions Malaysia as a fully industrialized
and developed nation by the year 2020. It is undeniable that an increasing dependence on
energy goes hand in hand with the process of achieving an industrialized nation status. In
this respect, the prime Minister of Malaysia, in his keynote address at the official opening of
the Third International Greentech and Eco Products Exhibition and Conference Malaysia
(IGEM 2012), announced that Malaysia aims to secure 5.5% of its total energy capacity from
renewable sources by 2015 and 11% by 2020 (The Star Online, Oct 11 2012). The Malaysian
government also recognises that by decreasing our dependence on traditional energy
sources, Malaysia will also be able to avoid 42.2 million tonnes of carbon emission,
representing a 40% reduction, in keeping with Malaysia’s pledge at the Copenhagen Climate
Conference. Alongside generating more clean electricity, the government also emphasises
the need to conserve energy through energy saving initiatives to encourage energy efficient
appliances for homes and businesses, and supporting efficiency drives and tax incentives.
Anilkumar Mailvaganam
References
1. http://www.epenergy.com/
2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Qb2YrW4G9o
3. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5766404&url=http%3A%2
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D5766404
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_intensity
http://biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2010/5/25/business/6328653&se
c=business
http://investvine.com/clean-energy-powers-economic-development/
http://unitperancangekonomi.blogspot.com/2010/04/malaysias-energy-sector-inpursuit-of.html
http://www.etawau.com/HTML/Miri/Grand_Old_Lady.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syarikat_SESCO_Berhad
http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/aeo/pdf/0383(2012).pdf
file:///C:/Users/user/Pictures/International%20Energy%20Statistics.htm
http://yearbook.enerdata.net/
http://didyouknow.org/population/
http://www.eia.gov/countries/data.cfm#undefined
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_in_the_United_States
http://www.epu.gov.my/html/themes/epu/images/common/pdf/chart/Energy%2
022%20March%202010.pdf
http://endofcrudeoil.blogspot.com/2012_04_01_archive.html
http://www.undp.org.my/uploads/achieving_industrial_energy_efficiency_2006.p
df
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421509003279#
http://biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?sec=business&file=/2012/10/11/busin
ess/20121011155913
http://www.perdana.org.my/emagazine/2010/10/malaysia-needs-new-growthstrategy-to-achieve-vision-2020-goals-tun-dr-mahathir/
Anilkumar Mailvaganam