Foundation year
SKELETAL SYSTEM
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
T. SANAA ABD ELHAMED
After study this chapter, you should be able to:
1.
Describe the structure of long bone.
2.
Label a diagram of skeleton.
3.
Compare the axial and the appendicular skeleton.
4.
Identify and use roots pertaining to the skeleton.
5.
Describe the main disorders that affect the skeleton and joints.
6.
Interpret abbreviations used in relation to the skeleton.
7.
Analyze case studies pertaining to bones and joints.
The Skeletal System
Structure
Medical Terms Related To The Skeletal
System
1. Vertebra (n) means one of the 33 round bones
which link together to form the backbone. The combining
form is vertebr/o and spondyl/o. The plural is vertebrae.
2. Cartilage (n) means a gristle, thick connective tissues which lines
the joints and acts as a cushion and which forms part of the structure
of an organ. The combining form chondr/o means cartilage.
3. Chondrectomy (n) surgical removal of a cartilage.
4. Femur (n) means the upper leg bone. The combining form is
femor/o.
Femural – adj.
5. Humerus (n) is a bone of the upper arm. The combining form is
humer/o. the plural is humeri.
6. Iliac (n) means pertaining to the Ilium or hip. The combining
form is ili/o.
7. Patella (n) the bony portion of the kneecap. The combining
form is patell/o. So, Patellectomy means surgical removal of
the patella.
Patellar – adj.
8. Carpal (n) means pertaining to the wrist.
The combining form is carp/o.
9. Spondylosis (n) means stiffness in
the spine and degenerative changes
in the intervertebral discs.
10. Scoliosis (n) means abnormal
curvature of the spine.
11. Diskectomy (n) surgical removal of intervertebral disk.
12. Malacia (n) abnormal softening of a part, organ or tissue
such as bone. The combining form malac/o means abnormal
softness.
13. Fracture (n) means a break in a bone. Can also be a verb.
14. Myelopathy (n) any disease of the spinal cord or the bone
marrow. The combining form myel/o means spinal cord or bone
marrow. The suffix –pathy means disease.
15. Osteitis (n) inflammation of the bone. The combining form is
oste/o which means bone.
16. Osteoporosis (n) a condition where the bone become thin,
porous and brittle. This occur because of various causes
including lack of calcium and lack of physical exercise. The suffix
–porosis means thin and brittle.
17. Rickets (n) disease of childhood
in which the bones do not grow
properly or harden due to a
deficiency
of
vitamin
D.
18. Arthritis (n) inflammation of the
joints. The combining form arthr/o
means joint.
19. Arthralgia (n) pain in the joint.
20. Arthrocentesis (n) means a surgical puncture of the joint space
to remove synovial fluid for analysis.
21. Arthroscopy (n) examining the inside of
a joint by using a arthroscope.
22. Arthrodesis (n) a surgical fusion of a
joint. The suffix –desis means to bind or tie
together.
23. Orthopaedics (n) branch of surgery which deals with
abnormalities, diseases and injuries of the bones and the
joints of skeleton. The prefix ortho- means straight. And the
combining form paed/o means child.
24. Ankylosis means a fusion of the bones of a joint. The
combining form ankyl/o means denoting fusion or adhesion.