Prentice Hall
Biology
147.31.181.161:7804
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10-2 Cell Division
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Collins I
3 lines
• What are chromosomes?
DNA? Why is DNA important?
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Agenda
1/8—Day 2
• Get out your lab books
• Turn in your take home test
• Mitosis Activity
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Mitosis Activity
• Enter the title in your table of
contents AND on the next blank
page
• Write your lab partners name
and the date
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Background
• Read the first three paragraphs
about mitosis and write a
summary of mitosis from this
reading
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Purpose
• To demonstrate mitosis using
the simulation beads
• To identify the stages of
mitosis
• To identify the structures
relevant in each stage
• To create a presentation of the
process of mitosis
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1/8—Day 2
• Re-visit the mitosis simulation
• Each group will have 10 minutes to review
mitosis as a group
• Each member should be able to simulate
mitosis using the beads and discuss what is
happening to another group
• We will switch groups 2 times.
• HW-Vocabulary flash cards Due Tuesday
• HW- Mitosis simulation presentation due
Tuesday
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Drawings
• Draw and label each stage
(PMAT)
• Label the following
–Chromosome
–Sister chromatid pair
–Sister chromatid
–Centriole
–Centromere
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–spindle
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Presentation
requirements
• Power point, prezi, story-time, any digital video tool you can
use
• Must be your own pictures taken from your own phone
• ALL structures must be labeled in each slide
• Bulleted list of steps taking place in each
• Ability for EVERY member of the group to discuss any of the
stages in depth
• Extra credit if you include a video tutorial of mitosis using your
beads at the end of your presentation
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Vocabulary Terms To
Know
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Mitosis
Cytokinesis
Chromosomes
DNA
Sister Chromatids
Centromere
Gene
Cell cycle
Interphase
Spindle fiber
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G1 phase
S phase
G2 phase
M phase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cell plate
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10-2 Cell Division
Cell Division
In eukaryotes, cell division occurs in two major
stages.
1.Mitosis
• The first stage,
• division of the cell nucleus
2. Cytokinesis
• The second stage
• division of the cell cytoplasm
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10-2 Cell Division
Chromosomes
Chromosomes
•Genetic information is passed from one
generation to the next on chromosomes.
•Before cell division, each chromosome is
duplicated, or copied.
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10-2 Cell Division
Chromosomes
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10-2 Cell Division
Chromosomes
Each chromosome
consists of two identical
“sister” chromatids.
Sister chromatids
Each pair of chromatids
is attached at an area
called the centromere.
Centromere
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10-2 Cell Division
Chromosomes
When the cell divides, the chromatids
separate.
Each new cell gets one chromatid.
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10-2 Cell Division
The Cell Cycle
Cell Cycle
The cell cycle is the series of events that cells go
through as they grow and divide.
Interphase is the period of growth that occurs
between cell divisions.
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10-2 Cell Division
The Cell Cycle
During the cell cycle:
• a cell grows
• prepares for division
• divides to form two daughter cells, each
of which begins the cycle again
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10-2 Cell Division
The Cell Cycle
The cell cycle consists of four phases:
• G1 (First Gap Phase)
• S Phase
• G2 (Second Gap Phase)
• M Phase
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10-2 Cell Division
Events of the Cell Cycle
Events of the Cell Cycle
During G1, the cell
• increases in size
• synthesizes new proteins and organelles
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10-2 Cell Division
Events of the Cell Cycle
During the S phase,
• chromosomes are replicated
• DNA synthesis takes place
•Once a cell enters the S phase, it usually
completes the rest of the cell cycle.
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10-2 Cell Division
Events of the Cell Cycle
The G2 Phase (Second Gap Phase)
• organelles and molecules required for cell
division are produced
• Once G2 is complete, the cell is ready to start the
M phase—Mitosis
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10-2 Cell Division
Events of the Cell Cycle
Cell Cycle
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10-2 Cell Division
Mitosis
Mitosis
Biologists divide the events of mitosis
into four phases: (PMAT)
• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase
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10-2 Cell Division
Mitosis
Mitosis
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10-2 Cell Division
Mitosis
Section 10-2
Spindle
forming
Prophase
Prophase
Chromosomes
(paired
chromatids)
Centromere
Click to Continue
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10-2 Cell Division
Mitosis
Spindle
forming
Prophase
•Prophase is the first and
longest phase of mitosis.
•The centrioles separate
and take up positions on
opposite sides of the
nucleus.
Centromere
Chromosomes
(paired
chromatids)
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10-2 Cell Division
Mitosis
•The centrioles lie in a
region called the
centrosome.
•The centrosome helps
to organize the spindle,
a fanlike microtubule
structure that helps
separate the
chromosomes.
Spindle
forming
Centromere
Chromosomes
(paired
chromatids)
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10-2 Cell Division
Mitosis
•Chromatin condenses
into chromosomes.
Spindle
forming
•The centrioles
separate and a spindle
begins to form.
•The nuclear envelope
breaks down.
Centromere
Chromosomes
(paired
chromatids)
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10-2 Cell Division
Mitosis
Metaphase
Centriole
Spindle
Centriole
Metaphase
Click to Continue
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10-2 Cell Division
Mitosis
Centriole
Metaphase
The second phase of
mitosis is metaphase.
The chromosomes line
up across the center of
the cell.
Microtubules connect
the centromere of each
chromosome to the
poles of the spindle.
Spindle
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10-2 Cell Division
Mitosis
Anaphase
Individual
chromosomes
Anaphase
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10-2 Cell Division
Mitosis
3. Anaphase
•Anaphase is the third
phase of mitosis.
Individual
chromosomes
•The sister chromatids
separate into individual
chromosomes.
•The chromosomes
continue to move until
they have separated into
two groups.
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10-2 Cell Division
Mitosis
Telophase
Nuclear
envelope
reforming
Telophase
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10-2 Cell Division
Mitosis
Telophase
•Telophase is the
fourth and final phase
of mitosis.
•Chromosomes gather
at opposite ends of the
cell and lose their
distinct shape.
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10-2 Cell Division
Mitosis
•A new nuclear envelope
forms around each cluster
of chromosomes.
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10-2 Cell Division
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis
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10-2 Cell Division
Cytokinesis
During cytokinesis, the
cytoplasm pinches in
half.
Each daughter cell has
an identical set of
duplicate chromosomes
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10-2 Cell Division
Cytokinesis in Plants
In plants, a structure known as the cell plate forms
midway between the divided nuclei.
Cell plate
Cell wall
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10-2
Click to Launch:
Continue to:
- or (must have QuickTake software installed on the
computer you are using for this presentation)
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10-2
The series of events that cells go through as
they grow and divide is called
a. the cell cycle.
b. mitosis.
c. interphase.
d. cytokinesis.
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10-2
The phase of mitosis during which the
chromosomes line up across the center of the
cell is
a. prophase.
b. metaphase.
c. anaphase.
d. telophase.
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10-2
Cytokinesis usually occurs
a. at the same time as telophase.
b. after telophase.
c. during interphase.
d. during anaphase
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10-2
DNA replication takes place during the
a. S phase of the cell cycle.
b. G1 phase of the cell cycle.
c. G2 phase of the cell cycle.
d. M phase of the cell cycle.
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10-2
During mitosis, “sister” chromatids separate from
one another during
a. telophase.
b. interphase.
c. anaphase.
d. metaphase.
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