Medical Terminology
Musculoskeletal System
Chapter 11
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Functions
 support
and protect internal organs
– bones
 body
movements
– joints and muscles
 blood
forming function (hematopoiesis)
– bone marrow
 mineral
storage
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Long Bones
 diaphysis,
epiphysis
 compact bone, medullary cavity
 spongy bone, erythropoiesis and
leukopoiesis
 periosteum, osteoblasts
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Other Bones
 Short
- cancellous bone
 Irregular
 Flat
4
Skeleton
 Axial
206 bones
Skeleton
– 80 bones
 skull,
spinal column, ribs,
sternum
 protects major organs
of nervous, respiratory,
and circulatory systems
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Skeleton
 Appendicular
126 bones
 upper extremities and
shoulder girdle
 protects organs of
digestion, excretion,
reproduction
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Vertebral Column
 vertebrae
- 26
 cervical - 7
 thoracic - 12
 lumbar - 5
 sacrum - 1
 coccyx - 1
 intervertebral disks
7
Ribs and Sternum
 12
pairs of ribs,
costals (cost/o)
 sternum, breast bone
 xiphoid process
 thoracic cavity
8
Shoulders
 pectoral
or shoulder girdle
 clavicle or collarbone
 scapula
9
Humerus
 Radius
 Ulna

Arms
Ulna
Radius
10
carpals
 metacarpals
 phalanges

Phalanges
Metacarpals
Carpals
11
Pelvic (Hip) Girdle
 ilium
- upper, blade shaped
 ischium - lower and posterior
 acetabulum - hip socket
 symphysis pubis - anterior portion
 sacrum
 coccyx
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Joints (articulations)
 Diarthroses,
amphiarthroses,
synarthroses
 ligaments bones to bones
 tendons muscles to bones
 synovial membrane and fluid
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Functions of Muscles
 hold
the body erect
 make movements possible
 move food, fluids and other body
structures through ducts
– propulsion of blood
– contraction of bladder
 muscle
movement produces about 85%
of heat generation
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Attachments
 fleshy
attachments
– muscle fibers arise from bone
 fibrous
attachments
– connective tissue (epimysium, perimysium,
endomysium)
to form a tendon
– aponeurosis - large area of fibrous
attachment
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Types of Muscles
Three types of muscle tissue - described
according to their function.
 striated, voluntary
 smooth, unstriated, involuntary, visceral
 cardiac, involuntary
– Striated in appearance, smooth in action
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Pathology - Bones
 osteomyelitis
– bone infection
– hematoma, ankylosis, necrosis
 Paget’s
disease (osteitis deformans)
– chronic inflammation of bones
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Fractures
 closed
or simple
 open or compound
 complicated
 comminuted
 impacted
 incomplete
 greenstick
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Osteoporosis
 Decrease
on bone
density
– bone pain,
commonly in the
back
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Spinal Disorders
 scoliosis
 kyphosis
 lordosis
 spina
bifida
– spina bifida occulta
– spina bifida cystica
 spondylitis
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Joints
 arthritis
– rheumatoid
– osteoarthritis
(degenerative joint
disease)
– gouty arthritis
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Muscles
 Myasthenia
gravis
–acetylcholine (neurotransmitter)
 Muscular
dystrophy
– genetic, atrophy
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Oncology
 Osteomas
 sarcoma
– fibrosarcoma
– lymphosarcoma
– chondrosarcoma
– Ewing’s sarcoma
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End of Lesson
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