September 9-10, 2014
 Most abundant tissue type!
 Functions:
 Protection
 Support
 Binding together
 All connective tissues are made up of cells and
extracellular matrix.
 The extracellular matrix is secreted by the cells.
 The extracellular matrix is composed of
 Ground substance (water, adhesion proteins (‘glue’),
polysaccharide molecules). The ground substance can
be fluid or firm depending on how many
polysaccharides there are.
 Fibers – the types and amounts vary.
 Collagen – strongest
 Elastic – stretchable
 Reticular – netlike & supportive
Turn and talk …
How does the extracellular matrix help connective
tissue due its jobs?
… 2 min
Bone (osseous tissue)
 Hardest connective tissue
 Osteocytes (bone cells) found in lacunae
 Functions: support, protection, movement
 Contain collagen fibers
calcium salts
Cartilage
 Softer & more flexible than bone
 Chondrocytes (cartilage cells) found in lacunae
 3 types of cartilage, each
containing different
proportions of the 3 fibers
 Hyalin: ends of bones
 Fibrocartilage: vertebrae
 Elastic: external ear
 Forms tendons, ligaments, and layer beneath skin
 Fibroblasts (fiber-forming cells) between collagen fibers
Where have you seen this before?
 Forms tendons, ligaments, and layer beneath skin
 Fibroblasts (fiber-forming cells) between collagen fibers
Dense irregular – dermis (below skin)
submucosa of digestive tract
Beneath stratified squamous!
Dense regular – tendons, ligaments
I won’t ask you to identify this
type on the practical
Areolar Tissue (areola = small open space)
 Most common connective tissue!
 Cushions, packages, and holds organs in place
 Consists of fibers and cells (fibroblasts and immune
cells) scattered loosely in a fluid containing water,
nutrients, salts and waste
This is one of the
tissues that swells
most when
damaged.
Swelling = edema
Adipose Tissue (fat!)
 Very little matrix, mostly adipocytes
 Each cell filled with oil
 Functions: fuel reserve, insulation, cushion organs
What do you call stored
nutrients (like fat) within a
cell?
Adipose Tissue (fat!)
 Very little matrix, mostly adipocytes
 Each cell filled with oil
 Functions: fuel reserve, insulation, cushion organs
What do you call stored
nutrients (like fat) within a
cell?
inclusions
Adipose Tissue (fat!)
 Very little matrix, mostly adipocytes
 Each cell filled with oil
 Funcitons: fuel reserve, insulation, cushion organs
Just for fun …
What is a healthy % body fat?
Adipose Tissue (fat!)
 Very little matrix, mostly adipocytes
 Each cell filled with oil
 Functions: fuel reserve, insulation, cushion organs
Just for fun …
What is a healthy % body fat?
Adult women: 21%-33%
Adult men: 8% - 19%
Adipose Tissue (fat!)
 Very little matrix, mostly adipocytes
 Each cell filled with oil
 Functions: fuel reserve, insulation, cushion organs
What happens to your fat cells
when you lose weight?
Adipose Tissue (fat!)
 Very little matrix, mostly adipocytes
 Each cell filled with oil
 Functions: fuel reserve, insulation, cushion organs
What happens to your fat cells
when you lose weight?
They shrink, but never go
away.
This is one reason why it is so
easy to regain weight that you
have lost.
• Consists of cells within a matrix – plasma.
• Like other connective tissues, blood does have fibers,
but these are only involved in clotting.
• Function: transport nutrients, waste, heat throughout
the body
We will cover in
much more detail
later!
What characteristics do all connective tissues have,
and how does this help them do their functions?
2) Notice any patterns in the naming of cells?
3) Rank the connective tissues in terms of rigidity.
1)
Work with a partner. 5 min.
Be prepared to share with class.
Function: Contraction for movement
Special Features:
1. Possess myofilaments (actin & myosin) which slide
past each other to contract the cell
2. Well vascularized (many blood vessels) to supply
energy and oxygen
Skeletal muscle
 Voluntary muscles of the body
 Skeletal b/c attached to bones (mostly)
 Long, cylindrical, striated (banded) cells with multiple
nuclei
 Skeletal muscle cells are
called muscle fibers
Skeletal muscle
 Voluntary muscles of the body
 Skeletal b/c attached to bones (mostly)
 Long, cylindrical, striated (banded) cells with multiple
nuclei
 Skeletal muscle cells are
called muscle fibers
Structure & Function –
Long, parallel cells – allow
contraction in one direction to
pull a bone.
Cardiac muscle
 Found in heart
 Striated, but branching
(have to squeeze)
 Contain intercalated discs –
allow for rapid spread of
electrical impulse for
coordinated contraction
Smooth muscle
 Found in walls of hollow organs (digestive, bladder,
uterus, blood vessels)
 Slowly squeezes and relaxes (in all directions) to
propel substances through
 Motion called peristalsis
Smooth muscle
 Found in walls of hollow organs (digestive, bladder,
uterus, blood vessels)
 Slowly squeezes and relaxes (in all directions) to
propel substances through
 Motion called peristalsis
Structure & Function –
notice that it is less
organized than the others
– because squeezing
occurs in all directions
 Function: to convey electrochemical impulses from
one structure to another
 Consists of neurons and support cells (that insulate,
support and protect neurons)
 Neurons have long processes to carry impulse to
distant areas.
Show the correct answer with your fingers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Dense connective
Areolar
Smooth muscle
Cartilage
Adipose
Show the correct answer with your fingers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Dense connective
Areolar
Smooth muscle
Cartilage
Adipose
Show the correct answer with your fingers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Dense connective
Areolar
Smooth muscle
Cartilage
Adipose
Show the correct answer with your fingers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Dense connective
Areolar
Smooth muscle
Cartilage
Adipose
Dense connective has much less nuclei
(much less cells / more fibers) than smooth
muscle
Show the correct answer with your fingers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Blood
Bone
Nervous
Cartilage
Adipose
Show the correct answer with your fingers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Blood
Bone
Nervous
Cartilage
Adipose
Matrix is smooth & so
dense you can’t see
fibers. Chondrocytes in
lacunae.
Show the correct answer with your fingers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Blood
Bone
Nervous
Cartilage
Adipose
Show the correct answer with your fingers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Blood
Bone
Nervous
Cartilage
Adipose
Looks like empty circles –
actually cells filled with
fat
Show the correct answer with your fingers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
Skeletal muscle
Nervous
Bone
Show the correct answer with your fingers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
Skeletal muscle
Nervous
Bone
Long, branching
cells and
intercalated discs
Show the correct answer with your fingers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Smooth muscle
Nervous
Skeletal muscle
Blood
Bone
Show the correct answer with your fingers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Smooth muscle
Nervous
Skeletal muscle
Blood
Bone
Notice the long processes
and supporting cells.
 Examine the following slides. Compare to the pictures
in your notes – make sure you see the correct
structures!
 Nervous tissue
 Bone
 Hyaline cartilage
 Dense connective (under stratified squamous)
 Work on Review Sheets – due next class
Test next class!! Practical Wed!! Presentations Friday!!