North Carolina State University
Spring 2013
What You Will Learn:
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Define Orthographic Projection.
Correctly label the placement of the six standard
views of an object drawing.
Identify which views are needed when creating a
multi-view drawing of an object.
Create a multi-view drawing with the correct views
from a given object.
Identify different types of lines used for drafting.
Identify which line types have precedence over
others.
Create multi-view drawings using different line types.
Orthographic Projection
Orthographic Projection: (n) a parallel
projection technique that creates a 2-D
image of 3-D objects or structures on an
image plane perpendicular to the lines of
sight.
 In The U.S. we use a method called
Third Angle Projection
 Used to represent all aspects of a 3-D
object by only using 2-D drawings
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Glass Box Method
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View each object
as if it were in a
glass box.
When unfolding
the box you have
the 6 views of
projection.
The 6 Views of Projection
Top – Looking down on an object (birds
eye view)
 Front – ALWAYS the most descriptive
 Right Side – To the right of the front view
 Bottom – opposite of the top
 Left Side – opposite of the right
 Back – opposite of the front
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Proper Layout of a Multi-View
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Each view has a specific location as to
where it is placed in reference to others.
Creating a Multi-View Drawing
Only use the views necessary to
visualize the full object. (Typically: top,
front, right side)
 Sometimes only two views are
necessary such as when drawing a
cylinder
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Examples
Examples
INCORRECT
CORRECT
Guided Practice:
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Create a multi-view
drawing of this
object.
Label each view of
your drawing.
Solution:
Guided Practice:
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Create a multi-view
drawing of this
object.
Label each view of
your drawing.
Solution:
Independent Practice:
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Create a multi-view drawing of the following two
objects.
Label each view of your drawings.
Solution 1:
Solution 2:
Visible Lines:
Thick and Bold
 Often called construction lines or object
lines
 Used for the outer edges and visible
features of an object.
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Hidden Lines:
Thin, dashed line
 Used to show hidden features within an
object which can not be seen from the
outside of the object.
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Center Lines:
Thin lines with alternating long and short
dashes.
 Show the center of both visible and
hidden circular features such as holes,
cylinders, etc.
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Precedence of Lines
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Precedence of Lines: The order in
which different line types appear in an
drawing based on importance.
Precedence of Lines:
Example:
Guided Practice:
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Create a multi-view
drawing of this
object.
Label each view of
your drawing.
Include visible,
hidden, and center
lines
Solution:
Guided Practice:
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Create a multi-view
drawing of this
object.
Label each view of
your drawing.
Include visible,
hidden, and center
lines
Solution:
Independent Practice:
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Create a multi-view drawing of the following two
objects.
Label each view of your drawings.
Include visible, hidden, and center lines
Solution 1:
Solution 2: