TABLE OF CONTENTS
• RESEARCH/BRAINSTORMING
• FREEWRITING/FIRST DRAFT
• REVISION/FINAL EDITING
BEFORE YOU CAN START WRITING:
• EXPLORE THE SUBJECT TO FIND A
TOPIC
• LOCATE RELEVANT INFORMATION
• ANALYZE THE ISSUES
• ORGANIZE YOUR
ARGUMENTS
RESEARCH/ RESOURCES FOR RESEARCH
 Hunt of information from available
sources:
 books
 periodicals
 CD
 video
 internet
WAYS OF BRAINSTORMING
• Write every idea that pops into your head
about the topic. The main purpose of
brainstorming is to write as many ideas as
you can think of.
Who
BRAINSTORMING EXAMPLE
BRAINSTORMING TIPS
Tip 1: Once you have an idea, you need to expand on it.
Don’t make the mistake of jumping straight into your
writing – you’ll end up with a badly structured piece.
Tip 2: In the process of brainstorming you should suspend
any concerns about staying organized.
Tip 3: The goal is to pour your thoughts onto paper
without worrying about whether they make sense or how
they fit together.
FREE WRITING
What is free writing?
The best way to get your best thoughts on the page.
FREE WRITING
Just sit down with the sole purpose of writing whatever
crosses your mind,
Without stopping
Without thinking
Without evaluating or judging what you write
FREE WRITING
How to do free writing?
Set a time limit: At least 5 and at most 30 minutes
Keep writing and writing: No pause for more than a
second or two
Write at a leisurely pace: Run faster than your
internal editor
FREE WRITING
Why free writing?
It temporarily rids us of our internal editor
According to Mark Levy, “ . . . Since the editor wants us
to always look good to others, it’s going to tell us we’re
being stupid or impractical if we try thinking thoughts that
are radically different for us. It’s going to order us to push
aside the new and go with the familiar. It’s going to
anchor us to what’s not working.”
FREE WRITING
Free writing helps us find our natural rhythm and voice
Explore emotional issues on a deeper level
Find subjects to write about
Accept yourself as you are
DRAFTING
A stage of the writing process during which a writer
organizes information and ideas into sentences and
paragraphs
Here the secrets of your story will reveal themselves
DRAFTING
Let that first sentence be as stupid as it wishes
Resist any temptation at this stage to pin down every
detail in its proper place
Try to make your early drafts as complete as possible
at the time
DRAFTING
Why should I draft and re-draft?
Drafting and re-drafting will help you to write a better essay.
Drafting and redrafting will help you to organize your materials
and ideas into a coherent essay
Drafting can help you be more relaxed about your writing
DRAFTING
Re-reading your own work helps you to see your ideas in new
ways
Writing a draft gives you an opportunity to
let others read what you are writing
Drafting and re-drafting helps you to think about your use of
language
Revision vs. Proof Reading
Revision occurs throughout the writing process, while
proofreading occurs once you are confident that your paper's
ideas, support, and organization are strong.
Revision
Revision is the process of rereading your paper and making changes (in
content, organization, sentence structures, and word choice) to improve
it.
During
revision,
writers
may
add,
remove,
move and substitute text. Repeat this process until you feel confident
that your paper has focused ideas, strong evidence, and an
effective organization.
“I rewrite a great deal. I’m always fiddling, always
changing something. I’ll write a few words-then
I’ll change them. I add. I subtract. I work and fiddle
and keep working and fiddling, and I only stop at
the deadline”. (Ellen Goodman)
Tips for Revision
Give yourself adequate time to revise.
Print a hard copy of your paper.
Tips for Revision
Read your paper out loud. Sometimes you can hear mistakes
that you don't see.
Have your course mate read your paper.
Tips for Revision
Don’t fall in love with what you have written. Be open to
change it when needed.
Tips for Revision
But sometimes I revise as I go. What should I do?
-That’s OK. Since writing is a circular process, you don’t do
everything in some specific order.
Warning: There are two potential problems with revising as
you go.
If you revise only as you go along, you never get to think of the
big picture. The key is still to give yourself enough time to look at
the essay as a whole once you’ve finished.
If you spend too much time tinkering with what is on the page,
you may lose some of what hasn’t yet made it to the whole
picture.
Proof reading
"Proofreading” is a special kind of reading: a slow and
methodical search for misspellings, typographical
mistakes, and omitted words or word endings.
Tips for Revision
Go through the paper backwards.
By reading the document backwards, sentence by sentence, you are able
to focus only on the words and sentences without paying attention to the
context or content.
Tips for Proof reading
•Watch Out for Homonyms
Homonyms are words that share the same spelling or pronunciation, but
have different meanings.
Switching accept with except or complement with compliment could be
disastrous, so pay attention to them.
•Watch Out for Contractions and Apostrophes
People often mix their and they’re, its and it’s, your and you’re and so on. If
there is something that can hurt the credibility of your text, it is a similar
mistake.
Tips for Proof reading
Check the Punctuation
Focusing on the words is good, but do not neglect the punctuation. Pay
attention to capitalized words, missing or extra commas, periods used
incorrectly and so on.
References
Amber, L. (February 23, 2011). Journal Writing Tips: The benefits of Freewriting.
Retrieved September 28, from http://www.writingthroughlife.com/journal-writing-tipsthe-benefits-of-freewriting
Proofreading and Revising. Walden University. Retrieved October 3, 2013, from
http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/872.htm
Revising Drafts. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved September 29,
2013, from http://writingcenter.unc.edu/handouts/revising-drafts/
Revising your paper. Odegaard Writing and Research Center. Retrieved September
29, 2013, from
http://depts.washington.edu/owrc/Handouts/Revising%20Your%20Paper.pdf
Use Freewriting to brainstorm in three easy steps (July 20, 2012). Retrieved
September 27, 2013, from http://www.marketingprofs.com/short-articles/1957/usefreewriting-to-brainstorm-in-three-easy-steps#ixzz2hBwrhzXa
THANK YOU