Routledge, Taylor and Francis
711 Third Ave, 8th Floor, New York, NY 10016
ATTW Book Series Style Guide
Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..........................................................................................................................1
THE EDITING PROCESS........................................................................................................................2
PRELIMINARY COPYEDITING STEPS ................................................................................................................... 2
PRIMARY REFERENCES.................................................................................................................................... 2
FORMATTING AND STYLE ...................................................................................................................2
FORMATTING HEADINGS ................................................................................................................................ 2
FIRST LEVEL........................................................................................................................................3
SECOND LEVEL .............................................................................................................................................. 3
USING TYPE.................................................................................................................................................. 3
NUMBERS .................................................................................................................................................... 3
LISTS: NUMBERED, BULLETED, AND RUN-IN....................................................................................................... 4
ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................................ 5
TITLES AND OFFICES....................................................................................................................................... 5
ARTWORK..........................................................................................................................................6
FIGURES AND TABLES ..................................................................................................................................... 6
IMAGES AND ATTRIBUTION ............................................................................................................................. 6
CAPTIONS .................................................................................................................................................... 6
WORD LIST ........................................................................................................................................7
PERMISSIBLE CHANGES TO QUOTED MATERIAL ..................................................................................8
IN-TEXT CITATIONS ............................................................................................................................8
ONE TO THREE AUTHORS ............................................................................................................................... 8
FOUR OR MORE AUTHORS .............................................................................................................................. 8
NO AUTHOR................................................................................................................................................. 8
SAME AUTHOR, SAME YEAR............................................................................................................................ 9
MULTIPLE AUTHORS WITH SAME LAST NAME .................................................................................................... 9
TWO CITATIONS LISTED TOGETHER .................................................................................................................. 9
PERSONAL COMMUNICATION .......................................................................................................................... 9
REFERENCE LISTS................................................................................................................................9
BOOKS ........................................................................................................................................................ 9
PERIODICALS .............................................................................................................................................. 12
LEGAL DOCUMENTS ..................................................................................................................................... 13
INFORMALLY PUBLISHED DOCUMENTS ............................................................................................................ 14
SPECIAL TYPES OF REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................... 15
OTHER ELECTRONIC MEDIA .......................................................................................................................... 16
The Editing Process
The managing editor, Jo Mackiewicz, is responsible for clarity, grammar, and usage;
appropriateness of the writer’s style in context; and consistency in matters of style and format.
Each article passes through the hands of at least two copyeditors or editorial assistants before it is
prepared for publication or sent to the author for review.
PRELIMINARY COPYEDITING STEPS
1.
2.
3.
4.
Make sure all pages are numbered.
Make sure the author’s name is spelled correctly and appears under the title.
Run a grammar- and spell-check. Correct any typographical errors and misspellings.
Make sure the article, title and headings, and body text are in the correct typeface.
(Body text should be 12-point Times New Roman and double spaced.)
5. Make sure there are no footnotes.
PRIMARY REFERENCES
For consistent style, the ATTW Book Series adheres to the following resources in this order:
1. ATTW Style Guide
2. Merriam-Webster’s Third New International Dictionary at www.m-w.com
3. Chicago Manual of Style, 16/e (CMoS) at
http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/home.html
Formatting and Style
This section provides guidelines for formatting headings and lists, style choices, and how to use
numbers in text. For more information on style choices, consult the Chicago Manual of Style.
FORMATTING HEADINGS
We do not use an “Introduction” heading; delete one if you find one. Headings should not be
numbered; for example, you would remove the number from the beginning of this heading:
2.2. Communication Entropy.
Title
Cambria 26-point type (serif) followed by a 16-point space with initial word caps on all main
words. Do not capitalize articles, prepositions, or conjunctions unless they are the first words of
the heading.
2
First Level
Calibri 22-point type (serif) with initial word caps on all main words with a border underneath.
Do not capitalize articles, prepositions, or conjunctions unless they are the first words of the
heading. A space should follow before other headings or body text.
SECOND LEVEL
Cambria 16-point type (serif), boldface, small caps, different line as text. If followed by thirdlevel heading, include a 12-point space; if followed by body text, no space required. Do not
capitalize articles, prepositions, or conjunctions unless they are the first words of the heading.
Third Level
Times New Roman 12-point type, italics, boldface, initial caps on main words (for example,
Speed versus Presentation). No space between heading and following body text.
Body Text
Times New Roman, 12-point. Indent the first line of paragraphs and double space the text.
USING TYPE
Follow these guidelines for when to use quotes and italics and how to denote emphasis in text:
 Use “quotes” for a unique use of word and for references to a word (e.g., What Smith
calls “glocalization”).
 Use italics for emphasis—even in quoted material.
 Use italics for scientific names (for example, Littorellicola billhawkinsi). You can
abbreviate the genus name after the first mention of the genus-species combination:
L. billhawkinsi.
 Use italics for the first use of an unfamiliar foreign word such as grève du zèle but not
for commonly recognized words such as et al., etc., in vitro.

NUMBERS
For numbers in sentences, spell out only single-digit numbers and use numerals for all others
(see the alternative rule that is described in CMoS 9.3). When multiple numbers occur within a
sentence or paragraph, maintain consistency in the immediate context (See CMoS 9.7).
a. My two siblings and I carried six pumpkins from the field to our car.
b. A mixture of buildings—one of 103 stories, five of more than 50, and a dozen of only
3 or 4—has been suggested for the area. [story quantity consistent with numeral 103
and 50.]
c. In the second half of the nineteenth century, Chicago’s population exploded, from just
under 30,000 in 1850 to nearly 1.7 million by 1900.
d. Between 1,950 and 2,000 people attended the concert. [alternative rule]
Spell out “million” and “billion,” but use numerals of “thousand”
a. The survey was administered to more than half of the city’s 220 million inhabitants.
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b. The survey was administered to more than half of the city’s 10,000 inhabitants.
For time of day, follow CMoS 9.38 and 10.42.
a. The first train leaves at 5:22 a.m. and the last at 11:00 p.m.
b. Please attend a meeting in Grand Rapids, Michigan, on December 5 at 10:30 a.m.
(EST).
For percent, use percent symbol:
a. Over 30% of employees in Gulf Shores work in accommodation services such as travel
and food services.
For page numbers, follow CMoS 9.60. Use the first number in your page range to determine what
second number should appear in the range. Follow the left-hand column based on the first
number in your range.
FIRST NUMBER IN RANGE
SECOND NUMBER IN RANGE
EXAMPLES
Less than 100
Use all digits
3–10
71–72
96–117
100 or multiples of 100
Use all digits
101 through 109,
201 through 209, etc.
Use changed part only
101–8
808–33
1,103–4
110 through 199,
210 through 299, etc.
Use two digits unless more are
needed to include all changed
parts
321–28
498–532
1,087–89
1,496–500
100–104
1,100–1113
LISTS: NUMBERED, BULLETED, AND RUN-IN
Numbered and Bulleted Lists
1. This is an example.
 This is an example.
Note: Do not use asterisks or arrows at the beginning of the phrase or sentence.
If the items in your vertical list are not independent clauses, then you can punctuate the list in
one of these three ways:
 Punctuating the items like you would a run-in list (see below)
 Eliminating end-line punctuation (for example, delete any semicolons or periods)
 Beginning all items with a capital letter and ending them with periods (not commas or
semicolons)
Run-In Lists
When a list runs in to the sentence, close all parentheses.
4
Example of run-in list with complete independent clauses after each numbered item:
As you prepare for MGT 395 this fall, here are a few updates: (1) I’ve managed to
schedule pre- and postinstruction writing assessments in Bashinsky; (2) In addition to
administering these assessments, the only major changes this fall are the two new
textbooks and the requirement to emphasize ethics; and (3) You must tell students to buy
only NEW textbooks this fall (even if the bookstores have used copies).
Examples of run-in list with phrases (dependent clauses) after each numbered item:
You are advised to pack (1) warm, sturdy outer clothing and enough underwear to last ten
days; (2) two pairs of boots, two pairs of sneakers, and plenty of socks; and (3) binoculars
and a camera.
Note the use of semicolons because of commas in each numbered list item.
Data are available on three groups of counsel: (1) the public defender of Cook County,
(2) the member attorneys of the Chicago Bar Association’s Defense of Prisoners
Committee, and (3) all other attorneys.
ABBREVIATIONS
Only use abbreviations for expressions that occur frequently in the text. Always fully spell out an
expression at the first occurrence and provide the abbreviation in parentheses without periods
after the term. Every time following the first occurrence, use the abbreviation:
Among recent recommendations of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) are…
However, for expressions that are almost always abbreviated and widely recognized, spelling out
the term at the first occurrence is unnecessary (for example, JPEG, DNA, NASA). Check in
Merriam Webster’s—such abbreviations are usually listed as the main entry.
When an abbreviation follows an indefinite article, use the pronunciation of the abbreviation to
decide between a and an: an HIV test, an AA meeting, a NATO member. For more information,
see CMoS 10.9.
TITLES AND OFFICES
When introducing a person’s name with a title or office, lowercase the title following the name
or used in place of the name. Capitalize the title preceding the name. Once a person’s title is
given, do not repeat the title each time the person’s name is used.
John F. Kennedy, senator from Massachusetts; Senator Kennedy; Kerry
5
Artwork
All figures, tables, and images are considered artwork. To ensure that your artwork appears
correctly, you must format your artwork exactly as requested and follow the guidelines below.
For more information on preparing artwork and copyright licenses, see “Guidelines for Preparing
Artwork.”
Figures, tables, and images should not be directly inserted into manuscript. Rather, include a
callout at approximate object location. Separate files of figures, tables, and images (highresolution JPEG or TIFF files) should be emailed as an additional attachment with manuscript.
Be sure to name objects consistently to aid the editors in placing objects during the production
process. For example:
[INSERT FIGURE 1.1 HERE]
In a separate image file, the coordinating object should be named “Figure 1.1”
FIGURES AND TABLES
Use lowercase f and t when referring to a table or a figure in the text of the manuscript, for
example: “As shown in figure 1, smooth cordgrass …” or (see figure 1). The name preceding the
artwork should be capitalized. Figures should be double-numbered sequentially as they appear
within each chapter, using the chapter number followed by the illustration number; double
numeration makes revision easier and allows readers to find a particular illustration more easily.
For example:
 The first figure in chapter 1 should be figure 1.1.
 The third figure in chapter 4 should be figure 4.3.
Tables should be numbered likewise. For example:
 The first table in chapter 1 should be table 1.1.
 The third table in chapter 4 should be table 4.3.
IMAGES AND ATTRIBUTION
Images should be saved as a high-resolution JPEG or TIFF file. Permissions or attributions are
required for all artwork that has been taken from another source. Consult “Guidelines for
Preparing Artwork” for more information on using images legally and the various license
agreements. Attributions should be included within the captions.
CAPTIONS
Captions should consist of one sentence or phrase that ends with a period. Capitalize them in
sentence style, but capitalize formal titles of works in captions in headline style. Supply captions
for all artwork as a complete and separate list. For additional information on captions, see CMoS
3.21–27.
Figure. 3.2. Detailed stratigraphy and geochronology of the Dubawnt Supergroup.
Table 4.6. Comparison of pretest and posttest results.
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Word List
This list describes preferences in spelling and capitalization for terms with variable spellings. If a
word is not here, check CMoS 7.85 and then check Merriam Webster.
Note: If a direct quote uses a different spelling or capitalization, leave it as is (but other text in
the book should use the spelling and capitalization below).
2-D
a.m.
analyze
BBC
behavior
camera phone
cell phone (set open)
center
click-through (hyphenated)
counter (counterexamine)
cross- (hyphenated; cross-reference)
decision-making process (hyphenated
modifying a noun)
decontextualize
email (no hyphen)
Facebook (capitalized)
firespace
firsthand (set closed)
hashtag (set closed)
handwritten
health care (set open)
internet/intranet (not capitalized)
iPhone
labeled and labeling
laptop
Macintosh and Mac (capitalized)
man-made (hyphenated)
mediaspace (set closed)
metadata (set closed)
minimize
multi (multiauthor, but multi-institutional)
net (lowercased)
non (nonnative, nontechnical, nonverbal)
off-line (hyphenated)
ongoing
online (set closed)
on-site (hyphenated)
PC
PDA
p.m.
post (postmodernism but post-Vietnam)
practice
pre (preempt, premodern)
program
re (reedit, reenter)
real time (set open)
right-click (as verb)
smart phone (set open)
socio (socioeconomic)
sub (subbasement, subcutaneous)
supercharged (set closed)
twentieth century (spelled out)
Twitter (capitalized)
UK
US
utilize (but change to “use” when possible)
walk-through (hyphenated)
Washington, DC
web
website (set closed)
well-being (hyphenated)
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Permissible Changes to Quoted Material
For guidance about run-in versus block quotations, see CMoS 13.9 and 13.10.
Although in a direct quotation the wording, spelling, capitalization, and internal punctuation of
the original should be reproduced exactly, the following changes are generally permissible to
make the passage fit into the syntax and typography of the surrounding text. For any questions,
please refer to CMoS 13.7.




Single quotation marks may be changed to double and double to single.
The initial letter may be changed to a capital or a lowercase letter.
The final period may be omitted or changed to a comma as required, and punctuation
may be omitted where ellipsis points are used. For ellipses, use the 3- or
4-dot method.
Obvious typographic errors may be corrected silently.
In-text Citations
The ATTW Book Series uses the author-date referencing style with an accompanying reference
list. More information on this system can be found in CMoS chapter 15. Each reference used
should be cited both in text and in the reference list. Consult the following section for guidelines
on providing in-text citations.
ONE TO THREE AUTHORS
When citing a published work with an author(s), include the author’s last name and the year the
work was published in parentheses; also include a page number or range if citing a specific
passage or quoting material:
(Pollan 2006, 99–100)
(Ward and Burns 2007)
(Heatherton, Fitzgilroy, and Hsu 2008)
The technical communicator is an “agent of social change” (Savage 2004, 183).
In 2001, William Hart-Davidson asked “why not us?” (146).
FOUR OR MORE AUTHORS
For works with four or more authors, cite only the first author’s last name followed by et al.
(Barnes et al. 2008)
(Smith et al. 2010, 111–12)
NO AUTHOR
For works with no author, cite the group that published the work.
8
(Wikipedia 2011)
In 2011, the 6 billionth photo was uploaded to photo-sharing website Flickr (Flickr,
2011).
SAME AUTHOR, SAME YEAR
For works published by the same author in the same year, use a lettering system to designate
which work is being cited, corresponding with the works-cited list.
(Fogel 2004a, 218)
(Fogel 2004b)
MULTIPLE AUTHORS WITH SAME LAST NAME
When multiple cited authors have the same last name, include an initial (or two initials or a given
name if necessary).
(C. Doershuk 2010)
(J. Doershuk 2009)
TWO CITATIONS LISTED TOGETHER
When citing two works by different authors, separate the citations with a semicolon.
(Spinoza 1992, 232; Hawkins 2004)
PERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Personal communication (for example, interviews, email) should be incorporated into the text,
giving the person’s name and date inside the text itself whenever information is used from the
interview, for example: (John Doe, pers. comm., August 20, 2012).
Reference Lists
BOOKS
One Author
Pollan, Michael. 2006. The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals. New York:
Penguin.
Shields, David. 2008. The Thing about Life Is That One Day You’ll Be Dead. New York: Alfred
A. Knopf.
Two to Three Authors
Ward, Geoffrey C., and Ken Burns. 2007. The War: An Intimate History, 1941–1945. New York:
Knopf.
Kosslyn, Stephen, William Thompson, and Giorgio Ganis. 2006. The Case for Mental Imagery.
New York: Oxford University Press.
9
Four or More Authors
As mentioned above, cite only the last name of the first-listed author, followed by et al. for an
author-date parenthetical reference. However, include all the authors in the reference list entry.
Word order and punctuation are the same as for two or three authors.
Editor, Translator, or Compiler instead of Author
Silverstein, Theodore, trans. 1974. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press.
Young, Glenn, ed. 2007. The Best American Short Plays, 2002–2003. New York: Applause.
(Silverstein 1974)
(Young 2007)
Editor, Translator, or Compiler in addition to Author
García Márquez, Gabriel. 1988. Love in the Time of Cholera. Translated by Edith Grossman.
London: Cape.
Merleau-Ponty. 1968. The Visible and the Invisible. Edited by Claude Lefort. Translated by
Alphonso Lingis. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.
Menchú, Rigoberta. 1999. Crossing Borders. Translated and edited by Ann Wright. New York:
Verso.
Bonnefoy, Yves. 1995. New and Selected Poems. Edited by John Naughton and Anthony Rudolf.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Organization as Author
World Health Organization. 1993. WHO Editorial Style Manual. Geneva: World Health
Organization.
Anonymous Works
If the author or editor is unknown, the note or bibliography entry should normally begin with the
title. An initial article is ignored in alphabetizing. If the authorship is known or guessed at but
was omitted on the title page, the name is included in brackets.
Stanze in lode della donna brutta. 1547. Florence.
A True and Sincere Declaration of the Purpose and Ends of the Plantation Begun in Virginia, of
the Degrees Which It Hath Received, and Means by Which It Hath Been Advanced. 1610.
London.
[Horsley, Samuel]. 1796. On the Prosodies of the Greek and Latin Languages. London.
Pseudonyms
If an author’s name is unknown, the pseudonym is used followed by “pseud.” in brackets. A
widely used pseudonym is generally treated as if it were the author’s real name. If the author’s
real name is of interest to the readers, it may follow the pseudonym in brackets.
Centinel [pseud.]. 1981. Letters. In The Complete Anti-Federalist. Edited by Herbert J. Storing.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
10
Twain, Mark. 1899. The Prince and the Pauper: A Tale for Young People of All Ages. New
York: Harper & Brothers.
Stendhal [Marie-Henri Beyle]. 1925. The Charterhouse of Parma. Translated by C. K. ScottMoncrieff. New York: Boni and Liveright.
Same Author, Same Year
Fogel, Robert William. 2004a. The Escape from Hunger and Premature Death, 1700–2100:
Europe, America, and the Third World. New York: Cambridge University Press.
———. 2004b. “Technophysio Evolution and the Measurement of Economic Growth.” Journal
of Evolutionary Economics 14 (2): 217–21. doi:10.1007/s00191-004-0188-x.
Chapter in an Edited Book
Gould, Glenn. 1984. “Streisand as Schwarzkopf.” In The Glenn Gould Reader, edited by Tim
Page, 308–11. New York: Vintage.
Nienkamp, Jean. 2009. “Internal Rhetorics: Constituting Selves in Diaries and Beyond.” In
Culture, Rhetoric, and the Vicissitudes of Life, edited by Michael Carrithers, 18–33. New
York: Berghahn Books.
Kelly, John D. 2010. “Seeing Red: Mao Fetishism, Pax Americana, and the Moral Economy of
War.” In Anthropology and Global Counterinsurgency, edited by John D. Kelly, Beatrice
Jauregui, Sean T. Mitchell, and Jeremy Walton, 67–83. Chicago: University of Chicago
Press.
Editions (if Other than First)
Strunk, William, Jr., and E. B. White. 2000. The Elements of Style. 4th ed. New York: Allyn and
Bacon.
Richardson, Ruth. 2000b. Death, Dissection, and the Destitute. 2nd ed. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press.
Darwin, Charles. (1859) 1964. On the Origin of Species. Facsimile of the first edition, with an
introduction by Ernest Mayr. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Introduction, Preface, Foreword, or Afterword
Mansfield, Harvey, and Delba Winthrop. 2000. Introduction to Democracy in America, by
Alexis de Tocqueville, xvii–lxxxvi. Translated and edited by Harvey Mansfield and
Delba Winthrop. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Rieger, James. 1982. Introduction to Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, by Mary
Wollstonecraft Shelley, xi–xxxvii. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Multivolume Works
If a book is part of a volume, you must determine if (1) you wish to cite the an individual volume
or the work as a whole (2) whether the multivolume work was published all in one year or over
several years. Based on your conclusions, there are four ways that volumes can be cited:
When citing a multivolume work cited as a whole, the total number of volumes is given after the
title of the work. When citing one volume of a multivolume work, both the individual volume
title and the title of the work as a whole should be given. When an entire multivolume, multiyear
work is cited, the range of dates is given. When a single volume of a multivolume, multiyear
11
work is cited, the date for an individual volume should be included in addition to the range for
the work as a whole.
If the work has not yet been completed, the date of the first volume is followed by an en dash
with no space between the en dash and the punctuation that follows. If a single volume is
published in multiple books, both volume number and book number should be included.
Aristotle. 1983. Complete Works of Aristotle: The Revised Oxford Translation. Edited by J.
Barnes. 2 vols. Bollingen Series. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Pelikan, Jaroslav. 1971. The Emergence of the Catholic Tradition (100–600). Vol. 1 of The
Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press.
Tillich, Paul. 1951–63. Systematic Theology. 3 vols. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Hayek, F. A. 1995. Contra Keynes and Cambridge: Essays, Correspondence. Vol. 9 of The
Collected Works of F. A. Hayek. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988–.
Harley, J. B., and David Woodward, eds. 1987–. Cartography in the Traditional East and
Southeast Asian Societies. Vol. 2, bk. 2, of The History of Cartography. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press.
Series
Fowler, Melvin L. 1989. The Cahokia Atlas: A Historical Atlas of Cahokia Archaeology. Studies
in Illinois Archaeology 6. Springfield: Illinois Historic Preservation Agency.
Wauchope, Robert. 1950. A Tentative Sequence of Pre-Classic Ceramics in Middle America.
Middle American Research Records, vol. 1, no. 14. New Orleans, LA: Tulane University.
Classical Works
Aristotle, Metaphysics 3.2.996b5–8; Plato.
Books or Chapters Published Electronically
Austen, Jane. 2007. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Penguin Classics. Kindle edition.
Austen, Jane. 2008. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Penguin Classics. PDF e-book.
Sirosh, Joseph, Risto Miikkulainen, and James A. Bednar. 1996. “Self-Organization of
Orientation Maps, Lateral Connections, and Dynamic Receptive Fields in the Primary
Visual Cortex.” In Lateral Interactions in the Cortex: Structure and Function, edited by
Joseph Sirosh, Risto Miikkulainen, and Yoonsuck Choe. Austin, TX: UTCS Neural
Networks Research Group. http://nn.cs.utexas.edu/web-pubs/htmlbook96/.
PERIODICALS
Journal Articles
Weinstein, Joshua I. 2009. “The Market in Plato’s Republic.” Classical Philology 104:439–58.
Sullivan, Dale L. 1991. “The Epideictic Rhetoric of Science.” Journal of Business and Technical
Communication 5 (3): 229–45.
Swarts, Jason. 2007. “Mobility and Composition: The Architecture of Coherence in Non-Places.
Technical Communication Quarterly 16 (3): 279–309.
12
Bala, Venkatesh, and Sanjeev Goyal. 2000. “A Noncooperative Model of Network Formation.”
Econometrica 68:1181–229.
Journal Articles (Online)
Include the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) and the date accessed. If no DOI can be found,
include the URL.
Kossinets, Gueorgi, and Duncan J. Watts. 2009. “Origins of Homophily in an Evolving Social
Network.” American Journal of Sociology 115:405–50. Accessed February 28, 2010.
doi:10.1086/599247.
Abstract
Hoover, Susan E., Junichi Kawada, Wyndham Wilson, and Jeffrey I. Cohen. 2008.
“Oropharyngeal Shedding of Epstein-Barr Virus in the Absence of Circulating B Cells.”
Abstract. Journal of Infectious Diseases 198. doi:10.1086/589714.
Magazine and Newspaper Articles
Mendelsohn, Daniel. 2010. “But Enough about Me.” New Yorker, January 25.
Borzi, Pat. 2010. “Retirement Discussion Begins Anew for Favre.” New York Times, January 25.
Stolberg, Sheryl Gay, and Robert Pear. 2010. “Wary Centrists Posing Challenge in Health Care
Vote.” New York Times, February 27. Accessed February 28, 2010.
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/28/us/politics/28health.html.
Letters to Editor
Sheridan, Brian. 2008. Letter to the editor, Los Angeles Times, September 7.
Reviews
Ben Brantley. 2000. Review of Our Lady of Sligo, by Sebastian Barry, directed by Max StaffordClark, Irish Repertory Theater, New York. New York Times, April 21. Weekend section.
Sorby, Angela. 2008. Review of Songs of Ourselves: The Uses of Poetry in America, by Joan
Shelley Rubin. American Historical Review 113:449–51.
Latour, Bruno. 2008. “Netz-Works of Greek Deductions.” Review of The Shaping of Deduction in
Greek Mathematics: A Study in cognitive History, by Reviel Netz. Social Studies of Science
38 (3): 441–59.
Kamp, David. 2006. “Deconstructing Dinner.” Review of The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural
History of Four Meals, by Michael Pollan. New York Times, April 23, Sunday Book
Review. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/23/books/review/23kamp.html.
LEGAL DOCUMENTS
Keeping in line with the Chicago Manual of Style, legal documents should be cited using
footnotes (see CMoS 15.55). If, however, you use legal documents as a significant portion of
your sources, use the typical Author-Date system. For your convenience, below are reference list
examples for some of the more commonly cited legal documents. For legal documents not
addressed here, please consult The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation.
13
Executive or Legislative Government Documents
US Department of Health and Human Services (n.d.). Research-based web design and usability
guidelines. [Online]. Available: http://usability.gov/guidelines/index.html
US House. 102nd Congress, 1st Session. 1991. H. Con. Res. 1, Sense of the Congress on
Approval of Military Action. [Online]. Available: LEXIS Library: GENFED File:
BILLS.
Court Cases and Case Decisions
Brendlin v. California, 127 S. Ct. 2400 (2007).
NLRB v. Somerville Constr. Co., 206 F.3d 752, 752 n.1 (7th Cir. 2000).
Patents
Iizuka, Masanori, and Hideki Tanaka. 1986. Cement admixture. US Patent 4,586,960, filed June
26, 1984, and issued May 6, 1986.
Laws and Statutes
Homeland Security Act of 2002, Pub. L. No. 107-296, 116 Stat. 2135 (2002).
Homeland Security Act of 2002, Pub. L. No. 107-296, 116 Stat. 2135 (2002).
North American Free Trade Agreement, U.S. -Can. -Mex., art. 705(3), Dec. 17, 1992, 32 I.L.M.
289 (1993).
INFORMALLY PUBLISHED DOCUMENTS
Pamphlets, Corporate Reports, and Brochures
Pamphlets, corporate reports, brochures, and other freestanding publications are treated
essentially as books. Data on author and publisher may not fit the normal pattern, but sufficient
information should be given to identify the document.
Khatri, Vijay, Sudha Ram, Richard T. Snodgrass, and Iris Vessey. 2006. “Strong vs. Weak
Approaches to Conceptual Design: The Case of Temporal Data Semantics,” TR 147-1,
Bloomington, IN: Kelley School of Business.
Online Reports
Coastal Recovery Commission. 2010. Final Report. Accessed December 30, 2010,
http://www.crcalabama.org.
Conference Paper Presentations
Adelman, Rachel. 2009. “‘Such Stuff as Dreams Are Made On’: God’s Footstool in the Aramaic
Targumim and Midrashic Tradition.” Paper presented at the annual meeting for the
Society of Biblical Literature, New Orleans, Louisiana, November 21–24.
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Conference Proceedings
St. Amant, Kirk. 2005. “Virtual Office Communication Protocols: A System for Managing
International Virtual Teams,” in Proceedings of IEEE International Professional
Communication Conference, 703–17.
Sparks, William. 2002. “ACS Calibration Software,” in 2002 HST Calibration Workshop, 53–57.
http://www.stsci.edu/hst/HST_overview/documents/calworkshop/workshop2002/CW200
2_Papers/sparks.pdf.
Theses and Dissertations
Choi, Mihwa. 2008. “Contesting Imaginaires in Death Rituals during the Northern Song
Dynasty.” PhD diss., University of Chicago.
Vedrashko, Ilya. 2006. “Advertising in Computer Games.” Master’s thesis, MIT.
http://cms.mit.edu/research/theses/IlyaVedrashko2006.pdf.
SPECIAL TYPES OF REFERENCES
Personal Communication
Personal interviews and emails should not be listed in reference lists at the end of the paper.
Instead, this information should be incorporated into the text, giving the person’s name and date
inside the text itself whenever information is used from the interview.
(Julie Cantor, pers. comm.)
Fixed Media
Hicks, Rodney J. 1996. Nuclear Medicine: From the Center of Our Universe. Victoria, Australia:
ICE T Multimedia. CD-ROM.
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus. 1991. Don Giovanni. Orchestra and Chorus of the Royal Opera
House, Covent Garden. Sir Colin Davis. With Ingvar Wixell, Luigi Roni, Martina
Arroyo, Stuart Burrows, Kiri Te Kanawa, et al. Recorded May 1973. Philips 422 541–2,
3 compact discs.
Poster Presentations
Rohde, Hannah, Roger Levy, and Andrew Kehler. 2008. “Implicit Causality Biases Influence
Relative Clause Attachment.” Poster presented at the 21st CUNY Conference on Human
Sentence Processing, Chapel Hill, NC.
Lectures and Presentations
D’Erasmo, Stacy. 2000. “The Craft and Career of Writing.” Lecture, Northwestern University,
Evanston, IL, April 26.
Reference Works
MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing. 2008. 3rd ed. New York: Modern
Language Association of America.
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Dictionary and Encyclopedia Entries
Dictionary and encyclopedia entries will vary depending on the length of the entry. If the entry is
substantial and an author is listed, use the author in the reference list. If no author is listed, use
the publication as the author (compare first and second example below). For Wikipedia entries,
see below.
Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2009. s.v. “Modernism.” 8th ed. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica.
Smith, John. 2009. “Internet.” In Encyclopaedia Britannica. 8th ed. Chicago: Encyclopedia
Britannica. Accessed February 21, 2009. http://www.britannica.com/articles/id=2533.
Baldwin, Olive, and Thelma Wilson. 2004. “Ann Catley (1745–1789).” In Oxford Dictionary of
National Biography. Oxford University Press. Accessed October 8, 2009.
doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/4895.
Isaacson, Melissa. 2005. “Bulls.” In Encyclopedia of Chicago. Edited by Janice L. Reiff, Ann
Durkin Keating, and James R. Grossman. Chicago Historical Society.
http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/184.html.
OTHER ELECTRONIC MEDIA
Websites
Google. 2009. “Google Privacy Policy.” Last modified March 11.
http://www.google.com/intl/en/privacypolicy.html.
McDonald’s Corporation. 2008. “McDonald’s Happy Meal Toy Safety Facts.” Accessed July 19.
http://www.mcdonalds.com/corp/about/factsheets.html.
(Google 2009)
(McDonald’s Corporation 2008)
Podcasts and Audio Recordings
Steinke, Darcey. 2007. Interview by Sam Tanenhaus and Dwight Garner. New York Times Book
Review, podcast audio, April 22.
http://podcasts.nytimes.com/podcasts/2007/04/20/21bookupdate.mp3.
Blog Entry or Comment
Posner, Richard. 2010. “Double Exports in Five Years?” The Becker-Posner Blog, February 21.
http://uchicagolaw.typepad.com/beckerposner/2010/02/double-exports-in-five-yearsposner.html
Seitzinger, Joyce. 2010. “Social Media Use in Crisis—#eqnz—Which Hashtag Prevails?” Cat’s
Pyjamas, blog, September 4. http://www.cats-pyjamas.net/2010/09/social-media-use-ina-crisis-eqnz-which-hashtag-prevails/.
Wikipedia
Wikipedia. 2012. “Talk: Sandy Hook Elementary School Shooting/Archive 3: Victims Section.”
Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Last modified December 26. Accessed December 30,
2012.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Sandy_Hook_Elementary_School_shooting/Archive_3
#Victims_section.
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Social Media Posts
Use the standard author-date in-text citation. If the author’s legal name is unavailable, his/her
username can be used as the author name (see example below of “Pradx”).
Kiely, Garrett. 2011. Twitter post. September 14, 8:50 a.m. http://twitter.com/gkiely.
Olson, Katie. 2008. Facebook post. http://mbc.facebook.com/group.php?gid=2321223134.
Pradx [username]. 2008. Twitter post. November 26, 9:40 a.m.
http://twitter.com/#!/pradx/statuses/1025211644.
(Olson 2008)
(Pradx 2008)
Online Multimedia
Citations of online multimedia may differ depending on the emphasis of the media. Below are
several examples to give you a foundation for your citation.
Applegate, Chris. 2005. London tube bombing. Flickr.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/qwghlm/24230239.
Harwood, John. 2008. “The Pros and Cons of Biden.” New York Times video, 2:00. August 23.
http://video.on.nytimes.com/?fr_story=a425c9aca92f51bd19f2a621fd93b5e266507191.
“IDEA Lab Usability Testing.” 2011. YouTube video, 7:47. Posted by TheFlowemk. September
7. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRC9o1CKlEM.
Pollan, Michael. 2008. “Michael Pollan Gives a Plant’s-Eye View.” Filmed March 2007. TED
video, 17:31. Posted February 2008.
http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/michael_pollan_gives_a_plant_s_eye_view.html.
(Applegate 2005)
(Harwood 2008)
(IDEA Lab 2011)
(Pollan 2008)
Emails and Texts
Emails and texts are cited in running text with parenthetical citation. No reference entry is
needed.
(John Doe, email message to author, February 28, 2010)
(John Doe, pers. comm., August 15, 2013)
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