Mr. Chapman
ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration
Biology 30
ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration
What is ATP?
ATP is the ____________ used by all cells. ATP stands for _________________
_________________. ATP is an organic molecule containing high-energy
________________ bonds.
Chemical Structure of ATP:
ATP contains an adenine base, 3 ___________________, and a _________ sugar.
ATP’s job is to supply you with ___________. Energy is released from ATP by breaking
the ______-____________ bonds between the last two __________________ in ATP.
Notice that the process called is ____________________. Recall that hydrolysis is the
process of adding ______ to break chemical bonds. The removal of the last phosphate
on ATP to form ADP is performed by an enzyme called ______________.
Mr. Chapman
ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration
Biology 30
How is ATP Re-Made?
The ______________ of the previous process occurs. Another enzyme is used to
complete this process, which is called ATP _________________. Notice in the picture
below that the removal of phosphate from ATP is a reversible process.
ATP + H2O < - - - - - > ADP + phosphate (PO4-)
When is ATP Made in the Body?
During a process called _____________ ___________________ that takes place in both
_____________ & _______________.
Cellular Respiration
 Includes pathways that require ______________.
 ____________ is oxidized and _______ is reduced.
 Glucose breakdown is therefore an ___________________________ reaction
 Breakdown of one glucose results in ______ to 38 ATP molecules
Mr. Chapman
ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration
Biology 30
Overall Equation for Cellular Respiration
What Type of Process is Cellular Respiration?
 An Oxidation-Reduction process or __________ reaction
 Oxidation of _______________ --> CO2 + H2O (e- removed from C6H12O6)
 Reduction of O2 to H2O (e- passed to O2)
What Carries the Electrons?
 __________ (nicotinadenine dinucleotide) acts as the
energy carrier
 NAD+ is a ____________
 It’s Reduced to _______ when it picks up two electrons
and one hydrogen ion
 ________ is another coenzyme that carries electrons
(stands for __________ ____________ ______________________). Gets reduced
to _________.
Cellular Respiration Facts
 Metabolic pathway that breaks down carbohydrates
 Process is _______________ as high-energy glucose is broken into _______ and
_______
Stages of Cellular Respiration



Mr. Chapman
ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration
Biology 30
Where Does Cellular Respiration Take Place?
Cellular respiration takes place in two different parts of the
cell:
____________ occurs in the cytoplasm
_________ __________ & _________ take place in the
mitochondria.
Mitochondrial Structure
 Smooth outer ______________
 Folded _________ membrane
 Folds called ______________
 Space inside cristae called the _____________
Cellular Respiration Diagram
Mr. Chapman
ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration
Biology 30
Stage #1 of Cellular Respiration: Glycolysis
Takes place in the __________________.
Anaerobic, which means it doesn’t use _____________.
Requires input of _____ ATP. Glucose ends up being split into two molecules of
________________ or ____________ ________.
Produces 2 _________ and ______ ATP. This means that there is a net gain of ____ ATP.
Fermentation
A type of respiration that occurs when O2 is ______ present (anaerobic). This is called
__________ _______ fermentation in muscle cells (this is what makes your muscles feel
_________). It is also called _____________ fermentation in yeast (produces
_____________). Nets only 2 ATP, so not nearly as good as aerobic respiration.
Mr. Chapman
ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration
Biology 30
Stage #2 of Cellular Respiration: The Krebs Cycle
A Little History:
 Discovered by Hans Krebs in __________.
 He received the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine in ______ for his discovery
 Forced to leave Germany prior to WWII because he was Jewish.
Summary of Krebs Cycle:
 Requires Oxygen (______________)
 Cyclical series of oxidation reactions that give off _______ and produce one
_______ per cycle
 Turns ________ per glucose molecule
 Produces _______ _________.
 Takes place in ____________ of mitochondria
 Each turn of the Krebs Cycle also produces 3 ________, 1 __________, and 2
________.
 Therefore, for each glucose molecule, the Krebs Cycle produces 6 NADH, 2
FADH2, 4 CO2, and 2 ATP.
Mr. Chapman
ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration
Biology 30
Stage #3 of Cellular Respiration: Electron Transport Chain






Largest amount of ATP produced of any of the three stages: _______ ATP.
H2O Produced
Occurs across inner mitochondrial membrane
Uses coenzymes NAD+ and FAD+ to accept electrons from glucose
Each NADH = _____ ATP’s
Each FADH2 = _____ ATP’s
Overall ATP Yield from Cellular Respiration
___ ATP - GLYCOLYSIS (substrate-level phosphorylation)
___ ATP – ETC converted from 2 NADH - glycolysis
___ ATP – ETC converted from 2 NADH - grooming phase
___ ATP – KREBS CYCLE (substrate-level phosphorylation)
___ ATP – ETC converted from 6 NADH - Krebs cycle
ATP – ETC converted from 2 FADH2 - Krebs cycle
36 ATP - TOTAL