Semester 1 Biology Exam Review Sheet 2014
1. What are the goals of science? P15
2. What is science methodology? P16
3. Describe and give an example of the three types variables found in an experiment.
4. How is science different from other disciplines? P14
5. How is an inference different from a hypothesis? 17
6. What are some scientific attitudes? P24
7. Why is peer review important? P25
8. Define theory? P28
9. Describe the 8 characteristics living things share. P38
10. What is the purpose for cell specialization?
11. Define homeostasis.
12. Draw a blood cell in three different labeled environments – draw arrows to show
the movement of water.
13. Name three interrelated branches of Biology.
14. Why must scientists use a universal system of measurement?
15. How do you determine the mass number of an atom?
16. What determines the atomic number of an atom?
17. What three atoms make up water?
18. Explain why a water molecule is polar.
19. Give 2 definitions of acid.
20. What kind of atoms are found in an amino acid?
21. How many valence electrons does carbon have?
22. Write the equation for photosynthesis, label the molecules and identify the reactants
and products.
23. Define chemical reaction.
24. List five facts about catalysts.
25. Draw and describe a reaction involving an enzyme.
26. Summarize the conclusions of Schleiden and Schwann.
27. What is the advantage of using electron microscopes?
28. List four differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
29. List four facts about the nucleus.
30. Which organelle recycles old organelles?
31. What are the functions of the cytoskeleton and what is it composed of?
32. Name two organelles involved with energy conversion.
33. What is the function of ribosomes?
34. What organelles only found in plant cells? Animals?
35. Name two functions of membrane proteins.
36. In an isotonic environment is there no movement of molecules across a membrane?
37. Define osmosis.
38. What is the difference between cell, tissue and organ?
39. What are the three parts to the ATP molecule?
40. Where is the energy stored in the ATP molecule?
41. What is the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs.
42. What are the three major parts to a chloroplast?
43. What is the difference between a thylakoid and granum?
44. What is the difference between stroma and stomata?
45. What are the three products of the light dependent reaction (LDR) and where in the
chloroplast does it take place?
46. Starting with water, trace the flow of electrons in photosynthesis.
47. What is another name for the Light Independent Reactions (LIR)?
48. List four differences between LDR and LIR.
49. List four conditions that would decrease photosynthesis.
50. If light intensity was increased indefinitely, would photosynthesis increase
indefinitely too? Why?
51. Why do plants need mitochondria too?
52. What are the three parts of cellular respiration? How many ATPs from each part?
53. What parts of aerobic respiration could occur without oxygen?
54. Explain why photosynthesis and cell respiration are considered opposites.
55. Where does each part of cell respiration take place – 3 different answers.
56. List how many ATPs are produced in each part of respiration.
57. List the three products of Glycolysis.
58. List the electron carrier molecule found in photosynthesis and also respiration.
59. What are the products of the Krebs cycle?
60. The electron transport chain can be found in two membranes – name them.
61. What is lactic acid fermentation? It usually occurs in what type of organisms?
62. What molecule must be regenerated during fermentation?
63. What molecule does NADH dump its electrons onto during fermentation?
64. A least how long should your work out be to burn fat?
65. During a sprint, where does most energy come from?
66. What type of fermentation occurs in your muscles?
67. What problems does growth in cell size cause?
68. What type of daughter cells does Mitosis produce
69. What are the advantages and disadvantages of sexual and asexual reproduction?
70. What happens during each of the Interphase stages (G1, S , G2)?
71. Draw and label the parts of a replicated chromosome.
72. What happens to the Chromosomes during each of the phases of mitosis?
73. What is the role of spindle fibers and centrioles in mitosis?
74. What is the difference between cytokinesis in animals and plants?
75. Explain the role of cylclins and growth factors in regulating the cell cycle.
76. What is the difference between benign and malignant tumors.
77. What role does a defective p53 gene play in cancer development?
78. Define differentiation of stem cells.
79. What is the difference between multipotent, pluripotent, and totipotent stem cells?
80. What are the possible applications of stem cell therapy in the near future?