SELF-SUSTAINING ENERGY COOK STOVE FOR
UN-ELECTRIFIED RURAL AREAS
PR ESENTED B Y:
RI S H A MAL , RAJE NDRA PRAS AD, V.K. VIJAY, AMIT RANJAN VE RMA , RAT NE S H T I WARI
CE NT RE FO R RURAL DE VE L O PME NT AND T E CH NO L O GY
INDIAN INS T IT UT E O F T E CH NO L O GY, NE W DE L H I, I NDI A
In
Engineers in Technical and Humanitarian Opportunities of Service
(ETHOS) 2014
January 25-26,Northwest University, 5520 108th Ave. N.E., Kirkland, WA 98033
POPULATION DISTRIBUTION IN INDIA
The Rural and Urban population in India was last reported at 69.90 and 30.1 (%
of total population) respectively in 2010, according to a Indian Census
published in 2011. The growth rate of population in rural and urban areas was
12.18% and 31.80% respectively.
INDIAN RURAL SCENARIO OF
COOKING
People have gadgets like mobile, motor bike, TV etc, and use sanitary
toilets but still use mud stove for cooking!!!!! We need to bridge the gap by
technology on stoves with multiple applications to make it acceptable.
HEAT LOSSES
Utilization of the
waste heat
POWER GENERATION
There are 2 modes of Power generation from a thermoelectric
module
Works as a cooler ,which
can also work as a
generator(proposed by
D.M Rowe)
Peltier Module
TE
module
Both works vice
versa
Seebeck Module
Works as a
generator,
which can also
work as a
cooler
PELTIER COUPLE
Heat
Released
N-type Bi₂Te₃
Electron
Flow
-
-
+ +
p-type Bi₂Te₃
-
+
-
+
+ ++
Heat
Absorbed
Hole Flow
SEEBECK COUPLE
Cold Side
N-type Bi₂Te₃
Electron
Flow
-
-
+
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
Hot Side
Load
p-type Bi₂Te₃
Hole Flow
MATERIALS
1. The TE couples are connected electrically in series because a
single couple produce power in mW, series connection of couples
increase the overall voltage generated. They are connected
thermally in parallel to reduce the lattice conductivity so that the
cold side remains cooler.
2. Semiconductor materials consisting of p-type(excess holes) and ntype(excess e-) are used for fabrication because if two couples
consist of metal the voltages gets cancelled by each other resulting
in very low power.
3. For generator, the suggested materials for TEG fabrication are PbTe,
SiGe, TAGS, Inorganic clathrates, Magnesium group IV compounds,
Skutterudite thermoelectrics, Oxide thermoelectrics, Half Heusler
alloys and many more.
4. Commercially available TEG are of Bi₂Te₃ with temperature
tolerance of 250˚C with Figure of merit (ZT)=1. The PbTe modules
are also available in the market with high temperature tolerance of
600 ˚C.
POTENTIAL MARKETS OF COMMERCIAL
TE MODULES
There are many companies of TEG manufacturer. Some of them
can be listed with their high power module:
Company Name
𝑻𝒉
𝑻𝒄
𝑽𝒐𝒄
Efficiency(%)
Power
Marlow Industries
Inc., USA
230
30
9.56
5.03
2-7.95
Thermonamic
Electronics (Jiangxi)
Corp., Ltd,China
250-300
30
14.4
-
14.4
Hi-Z Technology,
USA
250-400
50
20
4.98
20
Tellurex, USA
250-320
50
8.6
-
14.1
PRIOR STOVE RESEARCHES SUMMARY
Authors
Type of cooling
Type
module
J.C Bass,Killander 1966
Forced air cooling
Seebeck
2
4.76 V stepped up to
13.5V
Nuwayhid 2003
Natural air cooling
Peltier
1
1W
Nuwayhid 2005
Natural air cooling
Seebeck
4
4.2W
Lertsatitthanakorn 2007
Natural air cooling
Seebeck
1
2.4W
Mastbergen 2007
Forced
cooling(1W)
air Seebeck
1
+4 W
Biolite 2009
air Seebeck
2
+2W
Champier “TEGBioS” 2009
Forced
cooling(1W)
Water cooling
Seebeck
2
5W
“TEGBioSII”
Water cooling
Seebeck
4
9.5W
7.5W regulated
Rinalde 2010
Forced air cooling
Seebeck
2
10W
RTI TECA 2010
Forced
cooling(1W)
Seebeck
NM
1W
Champier
2009
air
of
No.
modules
of
Power/module
BENCHMARK TESTING
Cooking pot
Power
supply
Battery
Cold sink
TEG
Glasswool is omitted for simplicity
Heat Plate
Temperature
regulation nobe
PROTOTYPE
TESTING
HZ-9 module is selected for this
operation due to high temperature
tolerance, low cost of 20$ per
module when taken in bulk of 10K.
Cost of electronics
sink of $ 20
and hot/cold
Cost of the cookstove will be not
more than $48/ 3000INR
COMPARISON OF PELTIER MODULES (TEC)
WORKING AS SEEBECK GENERATOR (TEG)
Modules
𝑻𝒉 (˚C)
𝑻𝒄 (˚C)
𝑽𝒐𝒄 (V)
Power(W)
Cost($)/module
Peltier
module
150
55
1.5
0.5
12
HZ-14
200
100
0.7
3
45
HZ-9
200
100
2.8
3
80
** Factor of pressure between the hot and cold side of the modules should be
maintained.
VOLTAGE BOOST
The voltage that is generated is not sufficient for powering mobile
charging or lighting a torch. A DC-DC boost converter is connected to
boost the input voltage from 0.9 V to output stable voltage of 5 V. Work on
ultra low power input voltage of 40mV and output stable voltage of 5 V
DC-DC converter is still on progress.
Fig: 1. HZ-9 (cold side), 2. ceramic wafers, 3. benchmark testing with TERI mud
stove with fan running by TEG, 4. cold sink type, 5. Hot side heat collecting plate +
TEG mounted for bench mark testing. 6. LED glowing by TEG+DC-DC converter,
ROAD MAP
1. Appropriate TEG has been selected for operation.
2. Hot side heat collecting plate have been designed.
3. Cold side sink modeling is yet to be done.
4. Bench mark testing of TEG and running different appliances
with TEG + battery + DC-DC converter on testing phase.
5. Forced draft Stove designing is in progress.
6. TEG is yet to be placed on the stove with proper temperature
determination of the stove.
7. Our Goal is to develop a fully self sustaining forced draft cook
stove and running a light/mobile.
Prototype ready
in 3 months
ILLUMINATING PROSPECTIVE RURAL
HOME BY COOKSTOVE USING TEG
REFERENCES
Books
[1]
H.J. Goldsmid Introduction to Thermoelectricity, Methuen Monograph, London, 1960.
[2]
D.M. Rowe ‘Handbook of Thermoelectrics’, CRC Press.
[3]
Schott Lee, ‘Thermal Design Heat Sinks Thermoelectrics Heat Pipes Compact Heat Exchangers and Solar Cells’
[4]
Rowe, D. M., Bhandari, C. M., Modern Thermoelectrics. London, Holt Rinehart and Winston, 1983
Journals
[5]
Killander A, Bass JC. A stove-top generator for cold areas. In: Proceedings of the15th international conference on
thermoelectrics; 1996 Mar 26–29; New York, USA. New York: IEEE; 1996.
[6]
Mastbergen D. Development and optimization of a stove-powered thermoelectric generator. Colorado State University; 2008.
[7]
Champier D, Bedecarrats JP, Kousksou T, Rivaletto M, Strub F, Pignolet P. Study of a TE (thermoelectric) generator
incorporated in a multifunction wood stove. Energy 2011;36:1518–26.
[8]
Champier D, Bedecarrats JP, Rivaletto M, Strub F. Thermoelectric powergeneration from biomass cook stoves. Energy
2010;35:935–42.
[9]
Cedar, Jonathan M. (Scarsdale, NY, US), Drummond, Alexander H. (Austin, TX, US),"Portable combustion device utilizing
thermoelectrical generation",8297271, 2012, http://www.freepatentsonline.com/8297271.html
[10]
David Michael Rowe , Thermoelectric waste heat recovery as a renewable energy source, International Journal of Innovations
in Energy Systems and Power, Vol. 1, no. 1 (November 2006)
[11]
David Stokes, Michael Mantini, Ryan Chartier, Charles Rodes,’ Design and Testing of a Thermoelectric Enhanced Cookstove
Add-on (TECA) for Indigenous Biomass Stoves in Kenya’RTI International,2009.
[12]
Nuwayhid, R.Y., Hamade, R., 2005. Design and testing of a locally made loop-type thermosyphonic heat sink for stove-top
thermoelectric generators. Renew. Energy 30, 1101–1117.
[13]
Nuwayhid, R.Y., Rowe, D.M., Min, G., 2003. Low cost stove-top thermoelectric generator for regions with unreliable electricity
supply. Renew. Energy 28, 205–222.
[14]
Min, G., Rowe, D. M., “Optimization of Thermoelectric Module Geometry for ‘Waste Heat’ Electric Power Generation,” Journal of
Power Sources, Vol. 38, 1992, 253-259
[15]
Lertsatitthanakorn C. Electrical performance analysis and economic evaluation of combined biomass cook stove thermoelectric
(BITE) generator. Bioresource Technology 2007;98:1670–4.
[16]
Rowe DM. Thermoelectric waste heat recovery as a renewable energy source. International Journal of Innovations in Energy
Systems and Power 2006;1(1).
[17]
Rida Y. Nuwayhid, Alan Shihadeh , Nesreen Ghaddar,’ Development and testing of a domestic woodstove thermoelectric
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[18]
S.M. O’Shaughnessy , M.J. Deasy , C.E. Kinsella , J.V. Doyle , A.J. Robinson, ‘Small scale electricity generation from a portable
biomass cookstove: Prototype design and preliminary results’ Applied Energy, 2012.07.032.
THANK YOU