Chapter 22 Section 3 and 4
Surviving the Great Depression and
The Election of 1932
Penny Auction
• Farmers would bid
mere pennies on land
and machines
auctioned by the banks
in order to help their
struggling neighbors
How did penny auctions help farmers overcome some of
the hardships of the Great Depression?
• Neighbors would buy
the farms and
equipment, then return
them to their original
owners
Twenty-first Amendment
• Repealed the 18th
Amendment
(prohibition) making it
legal to produce and
consume alcohol
Why was the 21st Amendment passed?
• It passed because many
people wanted to lift
the ban on alcohol
• Also, it return the
decision of alcohol
production up to the
individual states,
instead of the federal
government
Why do you think it was passed during
the Great Depression?
• To help people socialize
during tough times
• Lessen the activity of
gangsters and
bootleggers
• The government could
tax it and collect the
revenue
Why was there an interest among some
Americans in radical and reform movements?
• Many Americans
became interested in
radical and reform
movements because
those movements
promised a fairer
distribution of wealth
How did American involvement in these radical and reform
movements differ from the political movements occurring in some
parts of Europe at the same time?
• Unlike the situation in
many European nations,
American involvement
in these movements
was nonviolent and did
not seriously challenge
the government
How did President Hoover hope to end
the Depression and its hardships?
• Hoover believed that the
economy could correct
itself if Americans
remained confident
• He relied on voluntary
actions from businesses
to maintain this
confidence
• He agreed to allow some
federal assistance to be
used in relief efforts
Hawley-Smoot Tariff
• The highest import tax
in U.S. history
• Designed to protect
American workers by
making foreign products
more expensive
– Forcing people to only
buy American
What was the effect of the HawleySmoot Tariff Act?
• It backfired
• European nations raised
their own tariff
• Slowed down
international trade
• Made the depression
Great
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
• Gave government credit
to a number of
institutions, such as
large industries,
railroads, and insurance
companies
• Lent money to banks so
they could give loans
Bonus Army
• A group of WWI veterans
that wanted immediate
payment of a pension that
had been promised for 1945
• They were in D.C. to support
a bill in that senate that, if
passed, would grant them
their money
• The bill was voted down
and Hoover asked the
military to escort them out
of the city
How did the Bonus Army contribute to
Hoover’s downfall?
• The military dispersed
them with tear gas and
fire
• It made Hoover appear
unconcerned with the
problems of the average
American, who made
up the largest part of
the voting public
Describe Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s
appeal to the American voter in 1932.
• He intended to bring in
a new philosophy of
government, one that
would expand the
government to provide
more for the common
people
From what groups did FDR receive
support in the 1932 election?
• Democrats,
Republicans,
immigrants, laborers,
and urban workers
What percentage of the electoral vote
did FDR receive in 1932? Hoover?
• FDR- 88.9%
• Hoover- 11.1%
What percentage of the popular vote did
FDR receive in the 1932 election? Hoover?
• FDR- 57.4%
• Hoover 39.7%
Which states electoral votes did
Hoover win?
•
•
•
•
•
•
Maine
New Hampshire
Vermont
Connecticut
Pennsylvania
Delaware