• Genre:
82A
• Nonfiction: Expository nonfiction selection on volcanoes.
• Selection Summary:
• Science writer Seymor Simon explains the characteristics of volcanoes and describes the aftermath of some well-known eruptions
.
1

• Background
82K
• Read 82-83
2

• This story is about Volcanoes (obviously)
• Text 82-83
• Volcanoes are openings in the earth’s crust through which lava and hot gases are ejected.
3

83A
• Transparency 1-18 Practice Book 38
• crater: a bowl-shaped depression
• crust : the solid outer layer of earth
• eruption: a volcanic explosion or large flow of lava
4

(cont)
83A
• lava: hot melted rock that flows from a volcano
• magma: hot melted rock underneath the earth’s surface
• molten: made liquid by heat
• summit: the top of a mountain
5

• fissures: long, narrow openings; cracks
• active: able to act or work
• ruptures: breaks or bursts
• oozes: flows or leaks out slowly
• fiery: burning or glowing
6

• What are our Phonics/Decoding
Skills
• These skills are : chunking, affixes, vowel sounds , beginning and ending, syllables , words you know , word parts , root words , base words, look carefully .
7

83A
• How do we figure out this word? Use your phonics and decoding skills .
8

9

Reading Strategy
83B
Monitor and Clarify
• Seymour Simon gives lots of information about volcanoes and how they are formed. As you read monitor your understanding , and reread or use the photos and map to clarify .
• Read 84
10

11

Reading Strategy
Monitor and Clarify
83B
• The photos show sparks and fiery lava shooting up from the earth. This spectacular event terrified and fascinated ancient people. The photo helps me understand why the Romans believed that
Vulcan, the god of fire, worked at the hot forge, striking sparks as he made swords. This was probably their way of explaining what caused the fiery lava that shoots up from volcanoes.
• To Monitor your understanding, reread or look at photos and graphic aids to help you clarify anything you don’t understand.
12

Comprehension Skill
83C
Trans 1-19 Practice Book 39
A category is a group of people, animals, things, or ideas that are alike.
To classify means to put similar items in groups according to their similarities.
Sorting information by categorizing and classifying it helps readers understand and remember what they read. It also helps readers understand the things those categories have in common.
13

14

15

Decoding Longer Words
Word roots: struct and rupt 105E
The eruption of Mount St. Helens was the most destructive in the history of the U.S.
A word root is a word part that has meaning but is not a word by itself.
• Struct
• Means to build
• Rupt
• Means to break
• Destructive has struct in it which means to destroy
• Ex. structure
• Ex. instructions
• Eruption has rupt in which means a large explosion
• Ex. interrupted
• Ex. ruptured practice book 43
16

Phonics
105F
Long Vowel Sounds /o/, /oo/, /yoo/
• Understanding long vowel sounds can help you decode unfamiliar words.
• The letters o-consonant –e, oa, ow, and o can stand for the /o/ sound ex. blow
• The letters u-consonant-e, ue, ew, u, ui, ou, and oo can stand for the sound /oo/ ex. fruit
• The letters u-consonant-e, ue, ew, u, and eau can stand for the /yoo/ sound ex. new
• Ex. The melted or molten , rock is called magma.
• Lava began flowing down the mountainside; there was another episode of rumbling; Scientists are no longer clueless about what happens; The volcano was spewing ash; In a few short months, life renews itself.
17

Spelling
105G
/o/ , /oo/ , /yoo/ sounds
• /o/ sound
• Stole, boast, thrown, stroll
• b o n e , t oa st, thr ow n, and str o ll
• Vowel patterns are o_e, oa, ow, o
• /oo/ , /yoo/ sound
• Rule, clue, blew, choose, cruise, and route
• R u l e , cl ue , bl ew , t oo l, cr ui se, and r ou te
• Vowel patterns are u_e, ue, ew, oo, ui, ou
•
PB 44
18

Vocabulary Skills
Dictionary: Definitions
• Transparency 1-21
105I
• Next to each entry word in the dictionary is at least one definition (explanation of the word’s meaning)
• A sample sentence is often provided to give an example of the word’s meaning in context.
• Practice Book 47
19

Grammar Skills
• Singular Nouns
105K
• Plural Nouns
• A noun names a person, place, thing, or idea
• To form plural nouns add – s or –es ex. cars
• If nouns end with an x,s, ch, sh, or ss then add – es ex. glasses
• ex. Juan,
Texas, truck, beauty
• If a noun ends with a consonant + y change the y to an i and add –es ex. berries
Practice book 48
Transparency 1-23
• To form the plural of a noun ending in a vowel + y , just add s ex. valleys
20

21

More Plural Nouns
105L
• All the children had their own guidebooks.
• What are the plural nouns?
• Rules
• 1. Some nouns that end with f or fe , the f changes to a v before –s or –es is added. ex. half - halves
• In nouns that end in o , the plural may be formed by adding either –s or –es . e x. potatoes
• 2. Some nouns have plural forms that do not end in –s or –es . e x. children
• 3. Some nouns have the same singular
• and plural form. e x. deer
22
• Trans. 1-24 Practice book 49

105R
• Homophones are words that are pronounced the same way but have different meanings and spellings.
• through and threw
• would and wood
• red and read
23

Sentence Fragment
• Sentence fragments are sentences that are missing a subject or a predicate.
• Ex. The big, hairy, ugly dog.
• Ex. Swam all night in the cold, dark pool.
• A complete sentence needs a subject and a predicate.
• ex. The dog ran.
24

105R
• Analogies compare one pair of words with another pair. The words in the second pair should be related in the same way as the words in the first pair.
• Apple is to fruit as red is to
• color
• Ground is to walk as water is to
• swim
25

Science Connections
26

Information and Study Skills
• Maps and Globes: compass rose- for directions; map key for symbolizing land features; map scale for distances.
• Political maps: show political divisions
• Specialized maps may focus on categories such as vegetation or population.
• Charts are a graphic aid used to compare or contrast things.
• Tables and graphs
• Transparency 1-20
27

Information and Study Skills
• Use tables to find information
• Use a graph to find information
• Locate sites and interpret information on map
• Caption tells more about the table or graph.
28

• 1. thrown
• 2. stole
• 3. clue
• 4. dew
• 5. choose
• 6. rule
• 7. boast
• 8. cruise
• 9. stroll
• 10. route
• 11. mood
• 12. loaf
• 13. growth
• 14. youth
• 15. slope
• 16. bruise
• 17. loose
• 18. rude
• 19. flow
• 20. flute
29

Challenge Words
• subdue
• pursuit
• molten
• reproach
• presume
30

Study guide for the test
31

United Streaming Videos
• Expository writing
• Long o, oo, yoo sounds
• Singular and plural nouns
• Homophones
• analogies
32