Shonda Wooden
Donna Polite
Manjot Choudhary
Natasha Derden
Mary Irvin
Summer Science Institute- Chemistry
July 2009
Properties
of
Matter
OBJECTIVE
 Students will identify the characteristics of a
solid, liquid, and a gas in order to investigate
the physical properties of matter.
 Students will identify physical properties and
changes and chemical properties and changes
in order to investigate the properties of matter.
 Students will explain what happens to a
substance during changes from a liquid to a
solid in order to investigate the properties of
an “Oobleck.”
ENGAGEMENT
W
ARM-UP
1.
Do liquids have a shape of their own?
If not, what shape do liquids take?
2. SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, GASES
a) Which is the most difficult to handle?
b) Which is the easiest to handle?
3. Explain both of your answers in detail.
4. Create a KWL Chart for “Properties of Matter” and
complete the “K” column for what you already know.
EXPLORATION
PART I: Teacher Demo
 Show 100 mL of water in the 3 states of matter:
a) frozen (freeze a cup of water overnight
to show the freezing point of the
solid)
b) room temperature (water from the
faucet to identify the liquid state)
c) boiled (boil water over a hot plate to
show the boiling point of a gas)
EXPLORATION
PART II: United Streaming Video

1.
2.
3.
4.
Prior to viewing the video, students will
answer the following questions:
If you place an ice cube in the freezer, will it
melt?
If you add salt to water before placing it in the
freezer, will it freeze?
If you leave ice on the counter, will it melt?
If you put ice in hot water, will it melt?
EXPLORATION
PART II: United Streaming Video
 Title of the Video:
Real World Science: Matter: Solids,
Liquids, and Gases
 Time Period for the Video: 13.24 minutes
 Website location of the Video:
www.unitedstreaming.com
EXPLANATION
2.
After reading in small groups:

Students will summarize the details of the text through a class
discussion with the teacher.

As the teacher ask questions describing the states of matter,
students will identify the state by holding up the correct “matter
models” (Petri dishes that contain marbles that represent the
particles of either a solid, liquid, or gas).

Following the questions, students will draw the models of the
three Petri dishes used to identify the states of matter and
choose and object or substance to sketch as an example.
Physical Properties of Matter
 any property that can be observed without
transforming the substance into another
substance States of Matter
Physical Properties
What are some physical properties?
 color
 melting and boiling point
 odor
 mass, color, freezing point
Physical Changes
A change that does not
transform the substance into
another substance
Some physical changes would
be:




boiling
melting
subliming
dissolving NaCl into water
Chemical Properties
 any property that cannot be studied
without transforming the substance into a
different substance
iron rusts, paper burns
Chemical Changes
 Chemical change —
change that transforms one
substance into another
substance
 Example- Burning
hydrogen (H2) in oxygen
(O2) gives H2O.
Sure Signs of a
Chemical Change
 Heat
 Light
 Gas Produced (not
from boiling!)
 Precipitate – a solid
formed by mixing two
liquids together
 Burning
 Oxidation of metal,
ex. rusting
http://jchemed.chem.wisc.edu/JCE
Soft/CCA/CCA0/MOVIES/S1047.M
OV
Physical or Chemical?
 Examples:
 melting point
physical
 flammable
chemical
 density
physical
 magnetic
physical
 tarnishes in air
chemical
Physical vs. Chemical
 Examples:
 rusting iron?
 dissolving in water?
 burning a log?
 melting ice?
 grinding spices?
 chopping a log in half?
Most Common
States (or Phases) of Matter
a) solid (definite shape and volume)
b) liquid (definite volume, no definite
shape)
c) gas (no definite shape or volume)
d) plasma (found in lightening bolts & neon signs)
Solids
Key Concept: The fixed, closely packed
arrangement of particles causes a solid to
have a definite shape and volume
 A solid is a kind of matter that has a fixed
shape and a fixed volume. Your pencil is
a solid. The shape and volume of your
pencil will not change if you move the
pencil from place to place.
 The different elements and compounds
that make up matter can be called
particles. The particles of a solid are
packed closely together.
 The particles of a solid cannot move from
their spot within the solid. However, the
particles can move slightly back and forth
in place.
What a solid looks like at
particle form
Questions!!!
1. Is the following sentence true or false?
The particles that make up a solid do
not move at all.
___________________
Answer: False, particles do move slightly
from side to side.
2. The picture shows two containers with
particles of a kind of matter in each.
Circle the letter of the container that
shows how the particles of a solid are
arranged.
A
B
Liquids
Key Concept: Because its particles are free to
move, a liquid has no definite shape.
However, a liquid does have a definite
volume.
 A liquid is a kind of matter that has a fixed
volume. However, the shape of a liquid
changes with the shape of its container.
 Water is a liquid. As you pour water from
one cup to another, the shape of the water
changes to match the shape of the cup.
The volume of the water stays the same.
 The particles of a liquid are packed closely
together. However, these particles can
move away from their spots.
What a Liquid looks like at
the particle level
Questions
3. What are the characteristics of a liquid?
Because its particles are free to move, a liquid has
no definite shape, but it does have a definite
volume.
4. volume shape particles
a. A liquid changes ________________
depending on the liquid’s container.
Answer: shape
b. A liquid has the same _____________
no matter what container the liquid is in.
Answer: volume
Gases
Key Concept: As they move, gas particles
spread apart, filling all the space available.
Thus, a gas has neither definite shape
nor definite volume.
 A gas is a kind of matter that easily
changes volume and shape.
 Air is a gas. When you blow air into a
balloon, the air takes the shape of the
balloon. When you let the air out of the
balloon, the particles spread out into the
room.
 Gas particles can move around freely.
Gas particles can either spread apart or
be squeezed together.
What a gas looks like at the
particle level
Comparing States of
Matter
Definite
Volume
Solid
Yes
Liquid Yes
Gas
No
Definite
Shape
Yes
No
No
Question
5. Which is a gas?
a. fruit juice
b. air
c. books
Answer: b. air
6. Is the following sentence true or false?
Gas particles can move around freely.
Answer: TRUE
ELABORATE
“Oobleck”
 See handout for lab objectives, materials, and procedure.
 Pre-LAB: complete the
“What Is Oobleck?” pre-lab activity and develop a hypothesis.
 During the lab, complete the lab write-up in your groups. (HINT…
First group to complete the lab, will receive a reward.)
 Following the lab, you will:
a) complete Reading About Properties and
Changes Handout
b) summarize your Oobleck lab (give you opinion and share
something that you have learned).
c) complete the States of Matter graphic organizer
EVALUATION
(Homework)
a) complete Reading About Properties and
Changes Handout
b) summarize your Oobleck lab (give you
opinion and share something that you
have learned).
c) complete the States of Matter graphic
organizer
EVALUATE
(Homework)
States Of
Matter
COMPLETE THE
GRAPHIC ORGANIZER
GAS
SOLID
LIQUID
1. Define each state of matter.
2. How are the particles packed?
3. Draw a model showing how the
particles are packed.
4. Give 3 examples of each.
5. Does it have definite shape,
definite volume, or both?