Chapter 2 - Matter
• Section 1 – Classifying Matter
• Section 2 – Properties of Matter
• Section 3 – Changes of Matter
Section 1 – Classifying Matter
Previously, we watched a 30 minute
video on “Properties of matter”
Key Questions
1] How can matter be classified?
2] Why are carbon and copper classified as elements?
3] How are elements related to compounds?
4] What is the difference between a pure substance
and a mixture?
TN Standards
• CLE 3202.1.1 – Evaluate pure substances and
mixtures
Matter
• Bellwork A – Which of the following is not an
example of matter :
– ( sunglasses, beach towel, sunlight, water )
• Bellwork B – Elements, Compounds, and
Mixtures are all ____________ ?
Matter
• Matter – Anything that has mass and takes up
space
• Matter is either an element, compound, molecule,
or mixture
• Element – a substance that cannot be broken down
into simpler substances by chemical means
• Compounds – substance made of atoms from
different elements BONDED TOGETHER
More on Matter
• Molecule – smallest unit of a substance that behaves like
the substance
– Not always the same as a compound!!
– Atoms combined but can be same element
– Compounds are molecules; molecules not always compounds
• Examples of substances that exist in molecule form, BUT
ARE NOT COMPOUNDS:
– Oxygen and Nitrogen gas in Air
– Hydrogen and Chlorine gas
– Phosphorus
• If a compound: each molecule of that compound will have
two or more chemically combined ( BONDED ) elements
More on Matter
• Compounds have unique properties
– Table salt, water, sugar, gasoline
• Molecules have their own chemical formulas
– H2O, CO2, H2, HF
Atoms
• What about Atoms – are ( DO ) they matter?
• Yes!
• Atoms – smallest unit of an element that
maintains the chemical properties of that
element
• Atoms that make up a molecule act as a unit
– Again, this can be a compound or only a molecule
Pure Substances & Mixtures
• Pure Substance – matter with definite
composition ( or concentration of the
components )
– Elements, compounds, and molecules
• Mixtures – combination of substances NOT
chemically combined
– Heterogenous and Homogeneous
Pure Substances and Mixtures
• What is the difference?
– Chemical bonds ( mixtures are not chemically bonded )
• Example of pure substance?
– Water, carbon dioxide
• Example of homogeneous mixture?
– Salt or sugar water ( dissolved ), vinegar
• Example of heterogenous mixture?
– Pulpy orange juice, skittles, salad
Mixtures - Defined
• Homogeneous – looks the same throughout
• Heterogenous – does not look the same
throughout
Concept Map
• Word List:
• Matter, Pure Substances, Atoms?, Elements,
Compounds, Mixtures, Homogeneous,
Heterogeneous,
Bellwork
• What are the two different types of mixtures?
Bellwork
• What are the two different types of mixtures?
• Homogeneous and Heterogeneous
Section 2/3 – Properties &
Changes of Matter
Key Questions
1] Why are color, volume, and density classified as
physical properties?
2] Why are flammability and reactivity classified as
chemical properties?
3] Why is getting a haircut an example of a physical
change?
4] Why is baking bread an example of a chemical
change?
5] How can mixtures and compounds be broken down?
TN Standards
• CLE 3202.1.1 – Explore matter in terms of its
physical and chemical properties
• CLE 3202.1.4 – Investigate chemical and physical
changes
Physical Properties
• Physical properties are characteristics observed
without changing the identity of the substance
• Examples: color, texture, density, melting
temperature, boiling temperature
• Physical properties help determine many uses
Chemical Properties
• Chemical properties are characteristics
observed only by changing the identity of the
substance
• Examples: flammability, reactivity
Changes
• Physical changes do not change the identity of
the substance
– Cutting hair, Cutting paper
– Can be reversed
• Chemical changes do
– Burning, Rusting, Color, Smell
– Can’t be reversed