Chapter 1 (pg. 4 - 21)
Introduction to Life
Mrs. Einstein
Do Now
List 5 safety rules in the laboratory.
Objectives
1. SWBAT review safety procedures.
2. SWBAT explain their preconception of
biology and biological scientists.
Biology (Chapter 1.1 pg. 4-10)
Study of life or once living things
Study the structure of living things and
how they interact with one another
Study of how living things function
Think – Pair - Share
What is a biologist?
What does he or she do?
Where does this type of scientist do his or
her work?
Draw one!
Do NowWhat is biology?
What topics do you study in Biology?
Do Now
How is biology used in a supermarket?
List at least 3 different ways.
Objectives:
SWBAT understand and explain the 8
characteristics of life
SWBAT apply the characteristics of life to
a living thing
SWBAT work in groups to discover the
nature of science
Biologists…
Study the diversity of life
Research diseases
Develop technologies
Improve agriculture
Preserve the environment
Think – Pair – Share
•Make a list of
the items in
this picture
that you
consider alive
or were alive
at some point.
Let’s Brainstorm
What characteristics does a living thing
have?
Let’s make a class list:
 1.
Eight Characteristics of life
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Made of one or more cells
Display Organization
Grows and develops
Reproduces
Responds to stimuli
Requires energy
Maintains homeostasis
Adaptations evolve over time
1. Living things are made of one
or more cells.
Cells are the basic unit of structure and
function in all living things.
Unicellular
Multicellular-
2. Displays Organization
Living things are arranged in an orderly way.
Cell- Smallest unit of life
Ex. Liver Cell
Tissue- group of cells that have same
structure and function (look alike)
Ex. - Epithelial tissue (outer skin cells)
Organ- different tissues that work together to
perform a function
Ex- Kidney
Do Now
Which of the following would be studied in
biology?
Explain why or why not.
1. Distance between stars
2. Length of between algae blooms
3. Cause and effect relationship between
bacteria and plant growth
4. Amount of natural gas found in New Jersey
5. The relationship between mercury
concentration and lifespan of tuna fish
2. Organization (Cont.)
System- Group of organs working
together
Ex. Urinary System
Organism- Organ systems working
together (whole)
Ex. Gorilla
Tissue
Kidney
Bark
Group of cells doing the
same thing
Intestines, stomach,
mouth working together
Outer surface of a leaf
Heart, veins, arteries,
Muscle
Organ
System
Objectives:
SWBAT understand and explain the 8
characteristics of life
SWBAT apply the characteristics of life to
a living thing
SWBAT work in groups to discover the
nature of science
3. Growth
gets larger by using materials and energy
from environment
Growth occurs through cell division
and cell enlargement
What is this???
4. Reproduction
A species is a group of organisms that can
breed with one another and produce fertile
offspring.
ex. Asexual
ex. Sexual
5. Respond to Stimuli
Anything that causes some sort of reaction
by the organism is called a stimulus.
The reaction to a stimulus is a response.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WFDHWk_bjsU
6. Requires Energy
Living things get their energy from food.
energy is the ability to do work
Plants use energy from the sun
(photosynthesis)
All living organisms break down food
and release energy
(cellular respiration)
7. Maintains Homeostasis
Homeostasis: Regulation of an organism’s
internal conditions to maintain life
 If anything happens within or to an organism that affects its
normal state, processes to restore the normal state begin.
Blood sugar levels
Temperature
Blood Pressure
8. Adaptations Evolve Over Time
An adaptation is any inherited
characteristic that results from changes to
a species over time.
All eight characteristics must be present
to be considered alive!
Think-Pair-Share
Using all 8 characteristics of life, explain
why a butterfly is alive
Lets try an activity
We are going to break up into groups
Alive or Not?
Do Now
Explain (using the 8 characteristics of life)
why we are alive! Provide examples!
Objectives
SWBAT identify 8 objects as being alive or
not and explain why
SWBAT work in groups to discover the
nature of science
SWBAT explore the steps of the scientific
method.
SWBAT make observations and inferences
and differentiate between the two.
What is Science?
Which of the following are considered
science?
Astrology
Ornithology
Marine Biology
Religion
Zoology
1.3 Nature of Science (pg. 16- 21)
Science is a body of knowledge based on
the study of nature.
Scientific inquiry is both a creative process
and a process rooted in unbiased
observations and experimentation.
THE CUBES!
FIRST RULE: Do not touch the cubes!
Let’s brainstorm: What questions do you
have about the cubes?
The cubes Cont.
What is on the bottom of the cube?
What is evidence? What does the word
mean?
Using data (observations), try to convince
me and your classmates what is on the
bottom of the cube. Provide evidence!
Pick up the cubes… Go ahead!
There is no way of knowing the absolute
answer to a scientific question.
WHAT? MS INGS? ALL THAT FOR
NOTHING….
Nature of Science
Scientific Investigations
Let’s list the steps we went through in our
scientific investigation
Do Now
Try to list the steps of the scientific
method!
OBJECTIVES
SWBAT identify the steps of the scientific
method
SWBAT define and identify independent
and dependent variables
SWBAT define and identify control and
experimental group
An example experiment…
Who likes to cook???
How do you cook spaghetti?
1. Ask a Question
 Scientific inquiry begins with observation.
 Science inquiry involves asking questions
and processing information from a variety
of reliable sources.
Objectives
1. SWBAT practice making observations.
2. SWBAT differentiate between
observations and inferences
3. SWBAT identify and practice the steps
of the scientific method.
Short Demo on …..
Observation vs. Inference
Observation- direct way of gathering
information in an organized way.
Inference- taking observations and
making a logical conclusion
Do Now
Explain why a virus is NOT considered
alive.
Objectives
1. SWBAT identify 8 objects as being alive
or not and explain why
2. SWBAT differentiate between
observations and inferences
3. SWBAT identify and practice the steps
of the scientific method.
Let’s make some observations!
I need someone to write on the board for
me!
2. Form a Hypothesis
Hypothesis - a testable explanation of a
situation.
Hypothesis that are supported through
experiments and data are then accepted in
the scientific community.
3. Collect the Data
Biologist conducts an experiment, (a
phenomenon in a controlled setting to test
a hypothesis).
4. Controlled Experiments
1. Experimental Group- group
that is being manipulated
2. Control Group- group you
keep the same (all variables are
constant)
5. Experimental Design
Independent variable—only one factor in a
experiment that can change
Dependent variable—results from or
depends on changes to the independent
variable
Do Now
1. Which is an indication that an idea is based on
pseudoscience?




A. It brings up more questions.
B. It causes disagreement and debate.
C. It does not welcome scientific investigation.
D. It does not receive acceptance by scientists.
2. Some species of plants begin opening their
flowers in the morning when they are exposed to
sunlight. What characteristic of living things
does this represent?




A. acquiring energy
B. adapting to the environment
C. displaying organization
D. responding to stimuli
Think – Pair – Share
Identify : control group, experimental
group, independent variable, dependent
variable, constants
Food Scientists are working together to
develop a better tasting sweet mint Trident
gum. Each person sampling the gum gets
ONE original sweet mint and ONE sweet
mint with added spearmint to try to improve
taste. The tasters did not know what they
were trying and had to record their results.
Do Now
 In trying to develop a lighter color honey, bee
keepers allow the bees to only visit sunflowers.
 Design an experiment to test this. In your
experiment, identify:
 Control group, experimental group,
independent variable, dependent variable,
constants
Do Now:
A new medicine is out on the market that
helps people retain information better
(smart pill). In a recent study, one group
was given the smart pill and the other
group was given a placebo (sugar pill).
Identify: control group and experimental
group
Explain why researchers found the need to
have two different groups
Objectives
1. SWBAT identify and practice the steps
of the scientific method.
2. SWBAT work in groups to identify
control group, experimental group,
hypothesis, conclusion, independent, and
dependent variables.
3. SWBAT analyze a graph.
6. Data Gathering
Data - information gained from observations.
 Quantitative data - measurements of time,
temperature, length, or other factors.
 Qualitative data - descriptions of what our
senses detect.
Data
I want you gather qualitative and
quantitative data from this picture.
7. Analyze the Data
A graph of the data makes easier to
interpret.
Graphing
Analyze this graph.
Reach a conclusion!
8. Report Conclusions
 Conclusions are published so other can
review the results and discuss the merit of
the experiment.
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
Identify the following terms: identify the
problem, hypothesis, experiment,
independent variable, dependent variable,
and create a conclusion
The leaves on my tomato plants were
turning yellow. I was not sure what to do.
I decided that maybe they were not getting
enough sun. I moved one plant into the
sun and left the other one where it was.
I recorded the different shades of the
leaves (yellow, yellow-green, and green).
Section 1.3 Review - Matching!
1. Development
A. testable explanation
2. Homeostasis
B. change that takes place during the
life of an organism
3. Inference
C. Logical conclusion based
on your observations
4. Hypothesis
D. Regulates an organism’s internal
conditions and keeps them stable
Homework!!
For homework you have a worksheet on
experiments. This will be due the next
class.
Do Now
Design an experiment to determine why
the fish are dying in your tank. Identify the
control, constants, independent variable,
dependent variable, and experimental
group.
Do Now
Fill in the
blanks in the
concept chart
Do Now
1. Which is an indication that an idea is based on
pseudoscience?




A. It brings up more questions.
B. It causes disagreement and debate.
C. It does not welcome scientific investigation.
D. It does not receive acceptance by scientists.
2. Some species of plants begin opening their
flowers in the morning when they are exposed to
sunlight. What characteristic of living things
does this represent?




A. acquiring energy
B. adapting to the environment
C. displaying organization
D. responding to stimuli
Objectives
1. SWBAT compare and contrast the
English and metric systems
2. SWBAT practice conversions between
metric units.
3. SWBAT explain the nature of science
1.2 Nature of Science (pg. 11 – 15)
Uses Scientific Theory
Theory- explanation of a natural phenomenon
supported by many observations and
experiments over time
Ex.
Results are always constant!
A. Expands Scientific Knowledge
Science is under constant reevaluation of
what is known.
Ex. Classification, Food Pyramid
Can lead to new knowledge
Reevaluation cycle continues!
B. Challenges Accepted Theories
Scientists debate each other ideas
Science accommodates new information
as it is discovered
C. Questions Results
Scientist can find data that is not
consistent with current scientific
understanding
These inconsistencies often lead to further
investigations
D. Tests Claims
Conclusions are reached after
Controlled experiments
Unbiased investigations
Large amounts of data
Think – Pair - Share
Read the following and critique the author.
What else can the scientist do to further
his/her own studies?
A marine biologist studying whales put
“markers” on one white whale to determine
migration. This scientist then concluded
that all whales migrate from the Gulf to the
mid Atlantic ocean.
Undergoes Peer Review
Experiments are reviewed by scientist’s
peers. (Peer review )
 Evaluated by other scientists who are in
the same field or who are conducting
similar research.
Think – Pair - Share
How can we “prove” something true?
Do Now - Matching!
1. Development
A. testable explanation
2. Homeostasis
B. change that takes place during the
life of an organism
3. Inference
C. Logical conclusion based
on your observations
4. Hypothesis
D. Regulates an organism’s internal
conditions and keeps them stable
Measurements used in Science
Different methods used for measuring
International System of Units (SI)- what
scientists all over the world use
Measured in groups of 10
Length - SI
SI uses the meter
Centimeter
Decimeter
Measures how long something is
Tools: Ruler
Volume
SI uses m3
Most often we use liter
Measures how much space
Something takes up
Mass and Weight
Mass = how much matter something
has
SI units are kilogram (kg)
Weight = force of gravity on an object
Time and Temperature
Time: period between two events
SI unit is seconds (s)
Temperature: how much heat contained
in an object (how hot or cold something is)
SI unit is Kelvin (K)
Scientists often use Celsius (C)
Conversions
4 kiloliters= ___________ hectoliters
36.87 millimeters= ________ decameters
0.098 meters = ___________ micrometers
56.7 decimeters= _________ decameters
Do Now:
What are some things around the
room that are alive? Or were alive
at some point?
Do Now
How many…
Centimeters are in a meter?
Meters are in a kilometer?
How long is a 5K?
Do Now- Review for Jeopardy
For each statement, circle the stimulus, and
underline the response.
1. Your mouth waters at the sight of food on a
plate.
2. There is a sudden drop in temperature, which
gives you goose bumps.
3. You get a fever after a virus enters your body.
4. You get “butterflies” in your stomach before
giving a speech.
Objectives
1. SWBAT review for the their chapter 1
test
2. SWBAT answer multiple choice and
open ended questions on chapter 1