Journal:
 Why study history? What tools do we use to study
history?
20th century began with great
promise
 Technology, inventions
 Wright Brothers, 1903
 Edison, Ford
 Science
 Darwin, Mendel,
Marie Curie, Freud
 Mass culture and entertainment
However…
 One of the deadliest
centuries in human history
 Some stats:
 About 180 million people
killed from war in the 20th
century
 Genocide, nuclear threats
 Contradiction between this
and greater
democratization and
human rights
Three Major Themes/Ideas
 Industrialization: Growth of industries for the
machine production of goods
 Nationalism: Belief in loyalty to one’s nation (people
with a shared culture and history)
 Imperialism: Strong nations dominating weaker
nations politically, economically, or socially
Journal
 Does technology and machinery improve or worsen
our lives? Why? Defend your answer.
Industrialization
 Look at the map on pg. 281:
 Which countries do you think industrialized first?
 Why? What factors lead to industrialization?
The Industrial Revolution
 Why a revolution?
 Began in England in the 1700’s
 Agriculture: Enclosures
 Improved farming techniques
 Movement to cities (urbanization)
 Industrialization
 Machine mass production of goods
 Requires land, labor, capital, and natural resources
 Good economy (banking) and political stability
 Textile production  from new inventions
 Improvements in transportation
 Steam driven trains on railroads (1830’s)
Progress and Plight
 Urbanization: Growth of cities
 Factories near water sources
 Working class:
 Poor living conditions
 Poor working conditions
 Growth of the middle class
 Long-term effects:
 Improved standard of living, access to consumer goods
Spread of Industrialization
 Spreads to U.S., Germany, France
 Gap between industrialized and nonindustrialized
countries leads to imperialism
 Need for raw materials
 Potential markets for products
 Long-term:
 Longer lifespans, better health, greater wealth in
industrialized nations
 Growth of a middle class leads to increased participation in
democracy and social reforms
Today
Reforms
 Unionization
 Collective bargaining
 Strikes
 Child labor laws
 Abolition of slavery
 Women’s rights
 Education
Journal #3
It was said that…
“The Sun Never Sets On the British Empire”
What do you know about the British Empire?
Take a guess: what do you think this quote means?
Hint: Look at
the map on pg.
337 of your
textbook
British Empire at the
Height of its Power
1920’s
¼ of world’s
pop.
Rule, Britannia!
Rule Britannia!
Britannia rule the waves
Britons never, never, never shall be slaves.
Rule Britannia!
Britannia rule the waves.
Britons never, never, never shall be slaves.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1XPHL4Q86t4
Imperialism: Essential
Questions
 What were the motives of the colonizers?
 How did the imperialists control and manage their
colonies?
 What were the effects of imperialism?
 How did Japan end its isolation and begin to
modernize?
Journal #4
 If you wanted to control someone smaller or weaker
than you, how could you do it? What methods might
you use?
 What might happen to them after you have
dominated their lives?
 Is this ever morally justified?
Forms of control
 The Name of the Game: Empire Building
 Types of imperialism:




Colony: Foreign power governs
Protectorate: Foreign power controls government
Sphere of influence: Foreign power has trade privileges
Economic Imperialism: Foreign business controls econ.
 Forms of control:
 Direct: No self-rule, no local leaders in government
 Indirect: Limited self-rule of local leaders
Conflicts
 African resistance: Zulus and British
 Europeans: Boers, British, and Africans in South Africa
 Boer War: British won
 Limited control (British) vs. direct control (French)
 Legacy: Positive and Negative Consequences




Political divisions, artificial boundaries
Breakdown of family, culture
Loss of land, disease, deaths from rebellions
Economic expansion
Vocabulary:
 Racism
 Social Darwinism
 Paternalism
 Assimilation
 Directions: Choose a vocabulary word above and
complete the Frayer Model graphic organizer
Scramble for Africa
 Imperialism: Seizure of a country or territory by a
stronger country
 Belgium takes the Congo (1880’s)
 How?
 Steamboats and maxim gun
 Quinine to combat malaria
 Exploiting diversity of African groups
 Berlin Conference (1884-85)
Africa Before and After
1870
c. 1914
Berlin Conference
Simulation
 Order for choosing territory:







1. Portugal
2. Spain
3. Britain
4. France
5. Belgium
6. Germany
7. Italy
Journal #5
 How successful do you believe your country will be
in achieving your goals at today’s Berlin Conference?
Explain.
Journal #6: Where in the
World?
 Guess the country! Explain your guess.
 Clues:
 The world’s largest democracy
 Main religions:
 Hindus (80%)
 Muslims (13%)
 Other (Christian, Sikh): 7%
 16 official languages, including English
 Capital city is New Delhi
 Raise your hand if you would like one extra hint!
Answer: India
Europeans in the Middle
East
 Decline of the Ottoman Empire
 Geopolitics: Taking strategically
located land
 Crimean War: Britain, France,
Ottomans prevent Russia from
taking Black Sea territory
 “Great Game” between Britain
and Russia over Afghanistan
 Egypt modernizes: Suez Canal
leads to British control of Egypt
 Russian, British spheres of
interest in Persia—for oil
Southeast Asia
 Dutch East India Company in Indonesia
 Rubber plantations and other cash crops
 British in Malaysia
 French in Indochina (Vietnam)
 Rice production
 Siam (Thailand) remained independent
 King Mongkut plays France and Britain and modernizes
 US in the Philippines, Hawaii (interest in sugar)
 Hawaii annexed in 1898
Imperialism in India
 Decline of Mughal Empire in the 1700s
 British make deals with maharajahs
 British East India Company sets up trading posts
 Cash crops: Tea, indigo, coffee, cotton, and opium to
trade with China (for tea)
 “Jewel in the crown” of colonies
 What does this mean?
 Decline in local handloom textile industry
Sepoy Rebellion (1857)
 Sepoy Mutiny/India’s First War of Independence led
to the Raj (direct British government control)
 Sepoys: Indian soldiers
 Upset by a rumor that new cartridges for rifles would
use cow and pig fat
 Problem for the rebellion: the division between
Hindus and Muslims
 Film Study: Mangel Pandey, The Rising
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2yXKbd5IDzU
Questions for viewing the
film
 1. Why is Mangal Pandey considered India’s first
national hero?
 2. What does Mangal Pandey mean when he says,
“We are all untouchables in our own land”?
 Untouchables: Lowest caste of Indian society
 3. What does Captain William Gordon warn will
happen if the British execute Mangal Pandey?
Journal #7
 Do you think that there are any countries that are
imperialistic today? Why or why not?
Japanese Imperialism
 Europeans were not the only imperialists
 Matthew Perry and the Treaty of Kanagawa (1854)
ends Japanese isolation and opens ports for trade
 Meiji emperor modernizes the country
 Industry, education, military buildup
 Becomes the strongest military power in Asia and
sought to control neighbors, especially Korea
Conflicts
 Sino-Japanese War (1895):
 Japan vs. China in Korea
 Results:
 Japan drives Chinese out of Korea, gains land in
Manchuria
 Gains colonies in Taiwan
 Russo-Japanese War (1905):
 Japan vs. Russia in Manchuria and Korea
 Results:
 Japan drives Russia out of Korea and holds Manchuria
Japan in Korea
 1905: Made Korea a protectorate
 1910: Annexed Korea, bringing them officially under
Japan’s control
 Forced Koreans to assimilate to Japanese culture
 Unfair treatment of Koreans leads to a strong
nationalist movement