R&D Program for any
detectors using “large”
number of photodetectors
JE Campagne(LAL)- NNN07 5-7-10-2007
1
Large optical surface detector
Huge amount of
very large photodetectors
(PMTs of 20” size)
Proposition : PMm2
Replace large PMTs (20”)
by groups of smaller
ones (12”)
Integrated electronics (Multichannel, close to the PMTs)
2
PMm2 philosophy for large detectors*:
Replace large PMTs (20”) by groups of smaller ones (eg. 12”);
originally proposed by Photonis Co. at NNN05
“No possible
local coincidence”
“Local”
~1m2
FE-ASIC
x16
Monitoring
HV
(low energy event
10PMs/MeV over 81000 PMs)
⇓
FPGA + µC
TRIGGER LESS
Network Controller
Twisted pairs
cables for
Clock sync.
- Digitized Data Power
“Outside”
Ethernet switches + server
DAQ
GPS receiver
*: MEMPHYS ~ 3 x 81,000 PMTs; LENA & GLACIER ~ 20,000 ÷ 30,000 PMTs
3
50
115
53
k€
Post-Doc (LAL)
119
167
500k€/3yrs
funded by new French Agency (ANR)
Starts officially 25 Jan. 07
4
The team: 5 FTE (Ing.), 1 post-doc
LAL
 P. Barillion, S. Blin, Th. Cacérès, J.E Campagne*, Ch. de La Taille,
G. Martin-Chassard, N. Seguin-Moreau
 Wei-Wei (Chinese post-doc since Sept. 07 for 6 months)
IPNO
 B. Genolini, Th. Nguyen Trung, J. Peyré, J. Pouthas,E. Rindel,
Ph. Rosier
LAPP
 N. Dumont-Dayot, D. Duchesneau, J. Favier, R. Hermel, J. TassanViol
Photonis
 P. Lavoute, C. Moussan
*: coordinator
http://pmm2.in2p3.fr
5
Front-End Electronics Requirements
Auto trigger
100% trigger efficiency @ 1/3 p.e (50fC)
Excellent time resolution < 1ns
Dynamic range up to 300 p.e
Provide digitized signals
Scalability
Low cost
Profit from progress in micro-electronics and
DAQ !
Many issues in common with HPD or large PMTs
developments by KEK (see M. Tanaka)
6
MAROC : 64 ch MaPMT chip for ATLAS lumi
5x5 array of 64 anodes PMT
Hamamatsu H7546B
BOTTOM side
LAL has a solid expertise in
micro-electronic developments
and we will reuse efficiently the
existing and validated blocs.
MAROC1
Chip On Board
7
MAROC performance
• Gain adjustment
• Trigger efficiency 100% @ 50fC
(1/3 p.e @ 106)
• Can be lower down to 10fC
P. Barillon et al., « MAROC: Multi-Anode ReadOut Chip for
MaPMTs », IEEE 2006, October 29 – Nov. 4, 2006 · San
Diego, California
P. Barrillon’s talk at TWEPP07
(50 ± 3) fC over 64 chan.
8
New ASIC Architecture
Channel 16
Channel 1
Read
Vref
SSH
16
charge
inputs
Differential
Slow Shaper
(200 ns)
Track
& hold
Variable Gain
Amplifier
(1-4)
12 bits
ADC
Hold
Serial 16x12bits
charge
measurement
OR
delay
Gain Correction
(4bits)
Vref
SSH
2 Gains scale
to reach 300p.e
Vref
FSH
Differential
Fast Shaper
(15ns)
Discri
Serial
16x(8÷10) bits
8÷ 10bits
TDC
time
measurement
DAC
10 bits
Bandgap
Threshold
(10bits)
Slow control signals
9
Complementarily with PMm2:
a collaboration with KEK starts for HPD read out
Since NNN06 a new thread of collaboration has emerged.
M. Tanaka-san came March 07 to test MAROC2 at LAL and
discuss informally of possible common R&D. Right after, a
MAROC2 chip with Test Board had been send to KEK for
evaluation with Hamamatsu 13” HPD.
Ch. de La Taille & N. Seguin-Moreau had attended the FJ-AIL
meeting and a new project between Japan & France had been
accepted in the FJ-AIL context for HPD Read-Out join R&D.
M. Tanaka came at LAL end Sept. 07.
10
Photodetectors
« All ideas on
photodetection designs are certainly interesting
But…
…if a mass production is foreseen
Constraints from industry
must be considered from the beginning »
J. Pouthas at NNN06
11
Photodetectors
Improved photocathode
Improved
Standard
Quantum efficiency (400 nm)
Standard ~26%
Improved ~32%
~16%
Control by
Pulse measurements in Single
Electron Response
(Relative detection efficiency)
Drawbacks ?
Dark count rate
Same at low temperature
Increase with temperature
D. Dornic et al, Beaune Conference, France, June 2005.
Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A567 (2006) 27.
12
Photodetectors
New Ph. D: Cl. Périnet ( Oct. 09)
Specific R&D for PMm2:
• Parameter correlation studies:
Signal/Noise @ 1p.e vs Dark current vs
Quantum and Collection Eff.
⇒ What is the optimum ?
• Potting : preliminary studies done
• Water Pressure test facility (@ 10bars) under
study
• Water tight Box for the Read Out electronics
under design
• Glass shape optimisation for 10bars
mechanical studies undertaken
• 12” PMTs will produced by Photonis and
qualified by IPNO
• Mechanics of the demonstrator
13
Digital part details
FPGA/CPLD
FE ASIC
clock
output_data
valid_data
START
SS1
SS2
SS3
decoder @
/
3
/
3
MAROC to
SPI
&
Time
stamping
/
3
SPI
SCK/MOSI/MISO
MUX
Registers SPI
µC
I²C
/
2
Control
(T°,…)
Ethernet
MAC
IRIGB
decoder
RS485 to TTL
DC/DC
PoE
4_
Rx-Tx data
~100m 3 twisted pairs cables:
• 2 for Ethernet + PoE
• 1 for GPS synchronisation
SPI bus : Dialog with FE ASIC, Read IRIGB time stamping (UTC + pps)
I2C bus : Monitoring and control
Ethernet (data) + Power Over Ethernet ( power supply):
• ~50V for HV generation locally
• Ok at least for 40 Mb/s @ 5kHz/PM Dark Current
14
Summary & Outlook
PMm2 is funded and the R&D began on Jan. 07.
A lot to do :
 DAQ-Clock system is for the moment at a stage of “selection of
the appropriate technology”.
 New generation of FE ASIC will be submitted soon.
 Photodetector: specific test bench “pressure under water” is
under study.
 PMT detailed specifications still to be finalized. Eg. Dark
Current is certainly an issue.
A complementary R&D has also started for HPD readout
between LAL and KEK in 07.
See you in Paris for NNN08 (Sept.)
15
BACKUP
JE Campagne(LAL)- NNN07 5-7-10-2007
16
Some detectors presented at NNN Workshops
Start 99, Aussois 05, Seattle 06, Hamamatsu 07, Paris 08
Water Čerenkov 500kT→1Mt
HyperK
UNO
MEMPHYS
65m
80m
2x (48m x 54m x 250m)
Liq. Argon
→100kT
70m
20m
GLACIER
Liq. Scintillator
→50kT
Large Apparatus for Grand Unification and Neutrino Astrophysics
LENA
: LAGUNA
17
Charge output linearity
40p.e
Above measurements performed with the external ADC of the test
board
The pedestal (measured with the first T&H) was suppressed
Linearity of ± 2% approximately
The 64 Wilkinson ADCs are also working: 12bits, 80 µs conversion
time
18
Photodetectors
Noise (dark pulses)
5 pouces (XP1803 n°865)
20
8 pouces (XP1806 n°869)
Courant d'obscurité à T=30° (kcps)
10 pouces (XP1804 n°885)
15
5"
10
8"
Noise (kHz)
(kHz)
Noise
Courant d'obscurité (k cps)
25
10"
5
0
-25
-15
-5
5
15
Température (°C)
Noise (kHz)
Courant d'obscurité à T=-5° (kcps)
Temperature (°C)
2,5
35
T= 30°
20,0
15,0
10,0
5,0
0,0
0,0
100,0
200,0
300,0
400,0
500,0
600,0
700,0
Surface de la photocathode (cm²)
Photocathode surface (cm2)
All the main results in
T= -5°
2,0
25
25,0
1,5
PhD of D. Dornic Sept. 06
1,0
0,5
0,0
0,0
50,0
100,0
150,0
Volume du verre de la fenêtre d'entrée (cm3)
200,0
Window glass volume (cm3)
And are inputs for PMm2
photodetector requirements.
19
MAROC2 architecture
MAROC2 = MAROC1 + additional features (ADC
Wilkinson, 3 discriminators, Encoder)
Technology : AMS SiGe 0.35µm
• Submitted March 06
• Area 16 mm2
• Received in june 06
• 240 pins
 Similar to OPERA ROC
 Low input impedance (50100 Ω)
 6 bits gain adjustment
(G=0-4) per channel
 64 discriminator outputs
 100% sensitivity to 1/3
photoelectron (50fC).
Counting rate up to 2 MHz
 Common threshold loaded
by internal 10bit DAC (step
3mV)
 1 multiplexed charge output
with variable shaping 20200ns and Track & Hold.
 Dynamic range : 11 bits
(2fC - 5 pC)
 Crosstalk < 1%
20
MAROC* : 64 ch MAPMT chip for ATLAS lumi
 Similar to OPERA ROC
 Low input impedance (50100 Ω)
 6 bits gain adjustment
(G=0-4) per channel
Photons
64 inputs
 64 discriminator outputs
 100% sensitivity to 1/3
Photomultiplicator
photoelectron (50fC).
Counting rate up to 2 MHz
 Common threshold loaded
by internal 10bit DAC (step
Gain correction:
3mV)
6 bits/channel
 1 multiplexed charge output
with variable shaping 20200ns and Track & Hold.
 Dynamic range : 11 bits
(2fC - 5 pC)
 Crosstalk < 1%
*: OPERA_ROC successor
Hold signal
Variable
Slow Shaper
Variable
Gain
Preamp.
S&H
Multiplexed
Charge output
Bipolar
Fast Shaper
64 trigger
outputs
Synoptic diagram of MAROC1
discriminator threshold
10 bits DAC
MAROC1
Technology : AMS SiGe 0.35µm
• Submitted 13 june 05
• Area 12 mm2
• Received in november 05
• Dissipation 130 mW @VDD=3.5V
21
IPN Orsay / Photonis
Overview on results
Improved photocathode
D. Dornic et al, Beaune Conference, France, June 2005
In press in Nucl. Instr. and Meth.
30
30
standard
tubes
standard
tubes
occurrence
occurrence
25
25
improved process
XP1805 (9’’, AUGER PMT)
20
20
15
15
10
10
55
1122
,5,5
1122
1111
,5,5
1111
1100
,5,5
1100
99,
5,5
99
88,
5,5
88
77,
5,5
00
Blue measurement
(Corning
Blue
filter)
Corning Blue
blue photocathode
Corning
photocathode sensitivity
sensitivity (uA/lmF)
(uA/lmF)
Improved (~25 PMTs)
Sk CB: 11.35 μA/lmF
Sk White: 118.00 μA/lm
25
standard
standard tubes
tubes
improved process
15
Increase of Sk CB:
~19%
Increase of Sk White: ~42%
10
5
15
0
14
0
13
0
12
0
11
0
10
0
90
80
70
60
50
40
0
30
occurrence
occurence
20
Standard (~800 PMTs)
Sk CB: 9.32 μA/lmF
Sk White: 68. 37 μA/lm
White measurement
White photocathode sensitivity (uA/lm)
Joël Pouthas
22
IPN Orsay
ASIC Chip & TEST BOARD designed at LAL
GPIB port
64ch PM
socket
USB port
MAROC
(COB)
Control
Altera
23
ADC performance
ADC count versus Vin
4500
3500
# ADC count
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
1,3
1,6
1,9
2,2
2,5
2,2
24
Vin (V)
INL versus Vin
2
1,5
1
0,5
INL (ADC count)
Wilkinson type
64 channels
12 bits
80 µs conversion
time
4000
0
-0,5
-1
-1,5
-2
-2,5
1,3
1,6
1,9
Vin(V)
2,5
MAROC 2 ASIC
64 channels









Preamps
Fast shaper 15ns
Discriminators
Slow shaper
Track&Hold
12bit ADC
10bit DAC
Bangap reference
Digital formatting
Silicon Germanium
 0.35µm BiCMOS
 16mm2 area
25
MAROC : 64 ch MAPMT chip for ATLAS lumi
 Similar to OPERA ROC
 Low input impedance
(50-100 Ω)
 6 bits gain adjustment
(G=0-4) per channel
 64 discriminator
outputs
 100% sensitivity to 1/3
photoelectron (50fC).
Counting rate up to 2
MHz
 Common threshold
loaded by internal 10bit
DAC (step 3mV)
 1 multiplexed charge
output with variable
shaping 20-200ns and
Track & Hold.
 Dynamic range : 11 bits
(2fC - 5 pC)
 Crosstalk < 1%
Hold signal
Photons
64 inputs
Photomultiplier
64 channels
Gain correction
64*6bits
3 discri
thresholds
(3*12 bits)
Variabl
Gain
Preamp
.
Variable
Slow
Shaper
20-100 ns
Bipolar
Fast
Shaper
S&H
S&H
64
Wilkinson
12 bit
ADC
80 MHz
encoder
Unipolar
Fast
Shaper
3 DACs
12 bits
Multiplexed
Analog charge
output
Multiplexed
Digital charge
output
64 trigger
outputs (to
FPGA)
LUCID
26
MAROC – Main Features
Technology: AMS SiGe 0.35 mm
Package: CQFP240
Power consumption: 350mW
 5 mW/ch
Area: 16 mm2
Submitted March 2006
Received July 2006
Second version
Hold signal 1
Hold signal 2
Variable
Slow Shaper
20-100 ns
Photons
64 inputs
Photomultiplier
64 channels
Variable
Gain
Preamp.
S&H 1
MUX
S&H 2
64
Wilkinson
12 bit ADC
Bipolar
Fast Shaper
Multiplexed
Analog charge
output
Multiplexed
Digital charge
output
EN_serializer
FS choice
Unipolar
Fast Shaper
Cmd_LUCID
LUCID
3 discri
thresholds
(3*12 bits)
3 DACs
12 bits
SUM of 7 fibres
80 MHz encoder
Gain correction
64*6bits
64 trigger outputs
LUCID
9 Sums
27