Πολυμεσικό Υλικό στο Internet:
Συγχρονισμός, Επεξεργασία και
Διακίνηση
Multimedia content delivery in the Internet: Multimedia
platforms & video service providers, MOOCs –
Coursera & edX cases
10/12/2015
Β. Μάγκλαρης <maglaris@netmode.ntua.gr>
Μ. Γραμματικού <mary@netmode.ntua.gr>
Δ. Καλογεράς <dkalo@noc.ntua.gr>
www.netmode.ntua.gr
Outline
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Massive Open On-Line Courses – MOOCs
Brief History of MOOCs
Types of MOOCs
Major players in MOOCs
MOOCs players in Europe
Platforms for creating Courses
Coursera & edX Cases
Massive Open On-Line Courses (MOOCs)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massive_open_online_course
• MOOC is an online course aimed at unlimited participation and open access via
the web
• Not only traditional course materials such as videos, readings, and problem sets,
MOOCs provide interactive user forums that help build a community for students,
professors, and teaching assistants
• MOOCs are a recent development in distance education which began to emerge in 2012
Why offer a MOOC
http://www.slideshare.net/beboac/ichl-moo-cs
History of MOOCs (I)
• A MOOC is an open education movement and is found online
• It influences connectivism where learning is successful and networks
are created in different fields
• 2002: MIT OpenCourseWare project formed
• 2004: The term Connectivism was developed by George Siemens
(University of Texas at Arlington) and Stephen Downes (Canada's
National Research Council)
• 2008: The first MOOC was presented at the University of Manitoba,
Canada and it consisted of 2200 learners
• 2008: Khan Academy starts up (actually at 2006)
• 2010: Dave Cormier (University of Prince Edward Island) made video
about MOOCs and uploaded onto YouTube
• 2012: Harvard’s first MOOC has 370,000 students, New York Times
calls 2012 the year of the MOOC
• 2013: cMOOCs and xMOOCs too numerous to count
Stephen Downes’ MOOC Model
http://www.slideshare.net/beboac/ichl-moo-cs
• Four elements for a successful MOOC:
– Autonomy – students decide how much to participate
– Diversity – students come from all backgrounds,
different countries, different experiences
– Openness – MOOCs should be free or with low cost
– Interactivity – Chats, video meetings…
• In his new book:
Learning is the creation and removal of connections between the
entities, or the adjustment of the strengths of those connections.
A learning theory is, literally, a theory describing how these
connections are created or adjusted
The different types of MOOCs (I)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massive_open_online_course#Connectivist_design
• There are different types of MOOCs:
– The cMOOC (connectivist MOOC):
• the first MOOC ever offered was a cMOOC
• The term describes a MOOC where people learn
through social networks e.g. blogs with a focus on
knowledge creation instead of acquisition
• cMOOCs are used by the individual, academics and non
profit organizations
• the cMOOC is based on a connectivist learning theory
• the cMOOC is an informal learning environment
The different types of MOOCs (II)
• The xMOOC:
– xMOOCs are used by the Universities
– xMOOCs use a behaviourist approach
– the xMOOC is a more formal learning
environment, it focus purely on knowledge
acquisition
– EdX can be characterized as xMOOC
– MIT announced MITx at the end of 2011, MITx is
morphed into EdX with the addition of Harvard
and UC Berkley (EdX 2012)
Synchronous Massive Online Course sMOOCs
http://www.slideshare.net/beboac/ichl-moo-cs
• This term was coined at University of Texas in August
2013
• A course that features live, synchronous broadcasts
to students
• Coursera MOOCs could be characterized as a
standard MOOCs or an sMOOC
Platforms for creating Courses
(Modular object-oriented dynamic
learning environment - Moodle) (I)
https://moodle.org/
http://webvm.netmode.ntua.gr/courses
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Moodle is a free online learning management system, or
LMS
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Written in PHP and distributed under the GNU General
Public License
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Moodle runs without modification on Unix, Linux, FreeBSD,
Windows, Mac OS X and any other systems that support
PHP and a database, including webhost providers
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Moodle allows for extending and tailoring learning
environments using community sourced plugins
Platforms for creating Courses
(Open edX) (II)
http://code.edx.org/
• Open edX is a not-for-profit enterprise
• Founded 2012
• Open edX
– is implemented mostly in Python for the server, and
Javascript for the browser
– the code is being made available under an AGPL license
– the main repository is edx-platform which includes both
the LMS and the authoring tool, Studio
• Open edX is already receiving code contributions from
around the world (e.g. Stanford University, Google, MIT, The
University of Queensland, Tsinghua University, UC Berkeley,
and Harvard University)
edX Platform Stack
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Almost all of the server-side code in Open edX is in Python, with
Django as the web application framework, using Mako
templates (written in Python)
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The browser-side code is written primarily in JavaScript. Some of
the code is written in CoffeeScript, and edX is working to replace
that code with JavaScript. Parts of the client-side code use the
Backbone.js framework (available under the MIT software
license), and edX is moving more of the codebase to use that
framework
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Open EdX uses Sass and the Bourbon framework for CSS code
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Platforms for creating Courses
(III)
CourseSites by Blackboard is an exceptionally robust platform
– it has all of the features that Moodle has
– including extensive teaching tools
– reporting features and SCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference Model)
compliance
– it is also cloud-based
– you can set up a course in minutes and never have to worry about
maintenance or upgrades
Udemy is a platform or marketplace for online learning and is specialized in the
private MOOC
– think of it as the YouTube of MOOCs
– instructors can build and host their own courses on the platform and then
offer them to users for free or for a fee
Versal is a new platform, create interactive e-learning courses for your LMS
– intuitive user interface and a robust drag-and-drop functionality
– a user can sign up for free and then build a course that includes mathematical
expressions, image drill-downs and many more widgets, all without any coding
knowledge
Platforms for creating Courses (IV)
http://bit.ly/1ginXMb
Major Players in the MOOC Universe
http://chronicle.com/article/The-Major-Players-in-the-MOOC/138817/
Major Players in the MOOC Universe
http://chronicle.com/article/The-Major-Players-in-the-MOOC/138817/
• Coursera: This for-profit MOOC founded by Andrew Ng and Daphne
Koller (Chief Scientist at Baidu Research in Silicon Valley) has
teamed up with 62 colleges (and counting) for its classes. It
attracted $22-million in venture capital in its first year
• Khan Academy: Salman Khan (American teacher) made waves
when he quit his job as a hedge-fund analyst to record short video
lectures on everything from embryonic stem cells to—you guessed
it—hedge funds and venture capital
• Udacity: This for-profit MOOC, started by the Stanford professor
Sebastian Thrun, works with individual professors to offer courses.
By March 2013, Udacity had raised more than $21-million in
venture capital. Udacity provides with Nanodegrees to learners
• EdX: Harvard and MIT put up the original $60-million to start this
non-profit MOOC
Overview of potential revenue sources for
three MOOC providers
edX
•Certification
Coursera
•Certification
•Secure assessments
•Employee recruitment
•Applicant screening
•Human tutoring or
assignment marking
•Enterprises pay to run
their own training courses
•Sponsorships
•Tuition fees
UDACITY
•Certification
•Employers paying to
recruit talented students
•Students résumés and job
match services
•Sponsored high-tech skills
courses
"Charging for content would be a tragedy," said Andrew Ng. But "premium"
services such as certification or placement would be charged a fee
Visual Representation of a MOOC
http://www.slideshare.net/krisbeukes/moocs-introduction
MOOCs Players in Europe
http://www.openuped.eu/,
https://iversity.org
http://openeducationeuropa.eu/
• OpenupEd is an open, it was launched in April
2013 by European Association of Distance
Teaching Universities (EADTU), non-profit
partnership offering MOOCs that contribute to
open up education
• iversity.org is a platform for Massive Open Online
Courses that contribute to open education
• Open Education Europa is a portal based on an
initiative of the European Commission to offer
access to all existing European Open Educational
Resources
OpenupEd
• 12 European countries have joined forces to
launch the first pan-European MOOCs initiative,
with the support of the European Commission
• 149 courses in different European languages
• The OpenupEd framework features:
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Learner-centred
Openness to learners
Digital openness
Independent learning
Media-supported interaction
Recognition options
Quality focus
Spectrum of diversity
iversity
• 6 European partners
• In 3 European languages:
– English, German, Russian
• Certificates with a fee
• Courses subjects include:
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medicine
computer science
economics
physics
law
design and philosophy
Open Education Europa
• Open Education Europa is a dynamic platform built with the latest opensource technology, offering tools for communicating, sharing and discussing
The portal is structured in 3 main sections:
– The FIND section showcases MOOCs, courses, and Open Educational
Resources by leading European institutions
– The SHARE section come together to share and discuss solutions for a diverse
range of educational issues by posting blogs, sharing events, and engaging in
thematic discussion
– The IN-DEPTH section hosts eLearning Papers —provides an exhaustive list of
EU-funded projects, and highlights the latest news about open education as
well as the most relevant recently published scholarly articles
Coursera Case
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coursera
• Coursera started in 2012 working with Stanford University, Princeton, the
University of Michigan, and the University of Pennsylvania,
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12 partners were added in July 2012
17 more in September 2012
another 29 partner universities in February 2013
the current total number of partners is 108
• In January 2014, the State Department told Coursera to block access to its
courses for users in Cuba, Iran and Sudan Founded 2012
• All courses offered by Coursera are "accessible for free“
• Coursera courses:
– approximate from six to ten weeks long
– with one to two hours of video lectures a week
– provide quizzes, weekly exercises, and sometimes a final project or exam
• Coursera reaches 839 courses in October 2014
• Coursera reaches 10 million users in 114 institutions in October 2014
• As of May, 2015, Coursera had more than 1000 courses from 119
institutions and 13 million users from 190 countries
Coursera Case
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coursera
• Coursera: is a for-profit educational technology company
• List of ways to generate revenue, include:
– verified certification fees
– tutoring
– sponsorships
– tuition fees
• In January 2013, Coursera announced that the American Council
on Education had approved five courses for college credit
• In May 2014, Antioch University announced that it was the first
US institution to offer college credit for Coursera courses
Coursera: behind the scenes filming
By Ben Loveridge (Learning Environments)
http://blogs.unimelb.edu.au/researchservices/2012/12/15/courserabehind-the-scenes-filming/
Photo: Coursera filming set-up showing autocue and Wacom Cintiq 24HD Touch (Credit: Ben Loveridge)
General Preparation Notes for Filming
Presentations (I)
• Content creation
– video segments of around six minute long are the optimal length for
student engagement
• Copyright
– Use creative commons on flickr within your course to avoid expensive
ongoing licensing
– If you can’t find or create anything appropriate yourself, make sure any
copyright in images or video has been cleared well in advance
– Check out Astrid Bovell’s blog post on MOOC’s and the Copyright office
• Programs for presenting content
– Keynote / Powerpoint / PDF
– Video now lives in a 16:9 world so make sure your presentations are set
to 16:9 mode
• in PowerPoint this is listed under the ‘page setup’ option
• in Keynote it is listed in the ‘inspector mode’ so something like
1920×1080 is a good start
General Preparation Notes for Filming
Presentations (II)
What to wear
• Avoid wearing green (clashes with the green screen) or fine striped or
patterned outfits (can cause strange visual effects).
• Black and white clothing is not ideal
• Solid muted tones and colours are ok – not too dazzling or bright
• Avoid rattling jewellery
• Wear clothing that a lapel mic can easily attach
Style of delivery
• Sitting or standing?
• Are they presenting together or separately?
• If standing then green screen or white background? (This affects if we use
Screenflow vs recording to hard drive where picture is merged with
background)
• If sitting will you annotate slides with the Wacom?
• Scripted with an auto cue, presenting from ‘notes view’ or off the top of the
head?
• Creating slides on Mac or PC (affects if we use Keynote vs Powerpoint)
edX Case
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EdX
https://www.edx.org
• edX is a non-profit online initiative created by founding partners Harvard and
MIT (in 2012) and runs on an open-source software platform
(http://code.edx.org/)
• edX has more than 3 million users taking over 300 courses online (of 22
October 2014)
• Around 400 faculty and staff teaching courses and discussing topics online
• Around 100,000 certificates earned by edX students
• The source code can be found on GitHub
• Topics include:
– biology, business, chemistry, computer science, economics, finance, electronics,
engineering, food and nutrition, history, humanities, law, literature, math,
medicine, music, philosophy, physics, science, statistics and more
edX Business Model
https://www.edx.org
• With the exception of professional education courses, edX courses
are free for everyone
• Some courses have a fee for verified certificates but are free to audit
• In September 2014 edX announced a high school initiative
• In October 2014 edX announced Professional Education courses
• In March 2015 it partnered with Microsoft
• In April 2015, edX partnered with Arizona State University to launch
the Global Freshman Academy
MOOCs from the Learners’ side
• Available questions and requirements for learners
before the registration to the course (Stanford as
an example):
https://class.stanford.edu/courses/Engineering/C
S101/Summer2014/about
• Registration for free
• Videos, Chats, discussions, quizzes, exams, all the
material available on the Internet, certificates
Some Examples
Courses on MOOCs
• Financial Markets (Coursera):
https://class.coursera.org/financialmarkets-002
• Introduction to Computer Science (edX):
https://www.edx.org/course/introduction-computerscience-harvardx-cs50x#.VImAOCuUckM
• Developing Android Apps (Udacity):
https://www.udacity.com/course/ud853
• Intro to HTML and CSS (Udacity):
https://www.udacity.com/course/ud304
Θέματα Εργασιών
1. Create a Mini Site with HTML5 specification including the
<video> element (HTML5, JS)
2. Create a Mini Site on mobile with HTML5 specification
including the <video> element (HTML5, JS)
3. Algorithms for video streaming & distribution (IEEE,
papers, platforms, Google, YouTube, Netflix…)
4. Install the edX and create a Mini site for a lesson as an
example
5. Moodle:
• Installation, configuration
• Create lessons
– Plugin implementation for courses retrieval from a MOOC
(using the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata
Harvesting)
• Versal, create a course …
References (I)
• https://docs.google.com/forms/d/15W2EZhpoWaZEBeDXn_NYP95pcNBYK
mzyMY-AqgJ-Z58/viewform
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coursera
• http://blogs.unimelb.edu.au/researchservices/2012/12/15/courserabehind-the-scenes-filming/
• http://cit.duke.edu/blog/2012/10/what-does-it-take-to-prepare-a-dukecoursera-course/
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EdX
• http://code.edx.org/
• http://www.openuped.eu/
• https://www.udacity.com/
• https://www.udacity.com/nanodegrees
References (II)
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massive_open_online_course
http://chronicle.com/article/The-Major-Players-in-the-MOOC/138817/
• http://bit.ly/1ginXMb
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coursera
• https://www.coursera.org/course/ml
• http://www.moneycrashers.com/netflix-hulu-amazon-comparison/
• http://blogs.unimelb.edu.au/researchservices/2012/12/15/courserabehind-the-scenes-filming/
• http://cit.duke.edu/blog/2012/10/what-does-it-take-to-prepare-a-dukecoursera-course/
• http://www.openuped.eu/
• https://iversity.org
• https://www.udacity.com/
• https://www.udacity.com/nanodegrees
• http://www.slideshare.net/iaindoherty/everything-you-need-to-knowabout-moocs-well-almost
References (III)
• http://www.slideshare.net/beboac/ichl-moo-cs
• http://blogs.unimelb.edu.au/researchservices/2012/12/15/courserabehind-the-scenes-filming/
• http://code.edx.org/
• https://www.edx.org
References
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http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5_video
http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/embedded-content-0.html#the-video-element
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http://blog.streamingmedia.com/2014/07/apples-cdn-now-live.html
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_delivery_network
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https://moodle.org/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streaming_media
http://www.w3.org/2010/05/video/mediaevents.html
http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/video/basics/
http://blog.teamtreehouse.com/building-custom-controls-for-html5videos
• http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/openarchivesprotocol.html