Ch5. Describing language
—Vocabulary

科目:英語教材教法

任課老師:邱淑娟
第二組組員:
 高雅婷 494010845
 游家鳳 697750221

1
Meaning in context
 Language
functions
-what does the speaker want people
to understand ?
(eg) It’s warm in here.
Requesting?
Comment ?
2
The elements of language

Grammar
-The elements go in the right order.
(eg) It’s warm in here. *It here in warm is.

Vocabulary
-words which were chosen on purpose
antonym v.s. synonym
(eg) hot/cold v.s. hot/warm
3

Pronunciation
-the way the sentence is spoken
(eg) It’s warm in here. It’s warm in here?
4
Forms and meanings

One form, many meanings
-The present continuous verb form can
refer to both the present and the future.
(eg) I’m not listening. v.s. I’m seeing him
tomorrow.

One meaning, many forms
(eg) I’ll see you tomorrow.
I’m going to see you tomorrow.
I’m seeing you tomorrow.
5
Words together



Collocations
-Any two words occur together more often than
just by chance.
(eg) heavy rain, heavy traffic
Lexical chunks
-They’re strings of word which behave almost as
one unit.
(eg) nice to see you/ good to see you
Idiom
-It’s a lexical phrase where the meaning of the
whole phrase may not be comprehensible even
if we know the meaning of each individual word.
(eg) full of bean
6
Parts of speech
1. Noun (Noun phrase)
2. Pronoun
3. Determiner
4. Adjective
5. Verb
6. Adverb
7. Preposition
8. Conjunction
7
1.Noun (Noun phrase)




Countable v.s. Uncountable
(eg) coins v.s. money
Plural nouns, singular verbs
(eg) news, darts
Collective nouns
(eg) family, team
Compound nouns
(eg) cherry tree, walking stick
8
2.Pronoun
Personal pronouns
e.g. I, she, we, they, me, him, her, them
 Reflexive pronouns
e.g. myself, yourself, ourselves
 Possessive pronouns
e.g. mine, yours, his
 Relative pronouns
e.g. who, where, which, that

9
3. Determiner

Determiner
-It’s used in front of nouns to indicate
whether you are referring to something
specific or something of a particular type.
(eg) the, a/an, my, this
10

Definite article
- We use “the” when we think that the
listener knows what particular thing/person
we are talking about.

Indefinite article
-“a/an” is used to refer a particular
thing/person when the listener doesn’t
know.
11
4. Adjective
Comparative form v.s. Superlative form
(eg) bigger v.s. biggest
 Adjective sequence
-size-color-origin-material-purpose-noun
(eg) the small purple German silk evening
gown
 Adjective and preposition
-Many adjective are followed by specific
prepositions.
(eg) interested in, happy about

12

Adjectives as nouns
-We can use some adjectives as if they ere
nouns.
(eg) the poor

Adjective or adverb
-Some words can be both adjectives and
adverbs, depending on whether they
modify nouns or verbs.
(eg) I had a late lunch. v.s. He arrived late.
(adjective)
(adverb)
13
Parts of speech (p.64)
 5.
Verb (The verb phrase)
 6.
Adverbs (adverbial phrase)
 7.
Prepositions (prepositional phrase)
 8.
Conjunctions
14
5. Verb

—a word(or group of words) which is
used in describing an action,
experience or state.
(1) Auxiliary verbs
 (eg.)should,would,could,might,must

(2) Main verbs
 (eg.)write,watch,believe,have

15
(3) Phrasal Verbs
 Type1：intransitive
(eg)The airplane took off.
 (eg)The train drove away.

 Type2：transitive
and inseparable
(eg)go on a diet
 (eg)Will you look after the children?
 (eg)I’m going to see about a new car.

16
(3) Phrasal Verbs
 Type3：transitive
and separable
(eg)He gave back the present.

He gave the present back.
 (eg)We’re going to work out the problem.
We’re going to work the problem out.

17
(3) Phrasal Verbs
 Type4：
transitive,2+particles,inseparable
(eg)We’ve run out of papers.
 (eg)He‘s broken up with his girlfriend.
 (eg)I’m trying to cut down on my
chocolate intake.

18
6. Adverbs (adverbial phrase)

—a word(or group of words) that describes
or adds to the meaning of a verb, adjective,
another adverb or a whole sentence.
 Adverb
position
—Adverb don’t usually come between a
verb and its object.
 (eg)(X)I have usually sandwiches for lunch.

(O) I usually have sandwiches for
lunch.
19
6. Adverbs (adverbial phrase)
 Adverbs
of degree
 Comparative
and superlative adverbs
(eg)loud → louder →loudest

hard → harder →hardest
 (eg)quickly → more quickly → most quickly
 (eg)well → better → best

badly → worse → worst

20
Joining words

—Prepositions and Conjunctions are
concerned with how words,phrases or
sentences are connected.
(1) Prepositions
 —Prepositions express a time relationship
between two events,or a spatial relationship
between two things or people.
 (eg)He left before I got there.
 (eg)I saw him at the cinema.

21
Joining words
 (2)
Conjunctions
—Conjunctions join two clauses. We only
use one conjunction for two clauses.
(eg)Nicky said good night and walked
out of the house with a heavy heart.
 (eg)I can sing but I can’t play the guitar.
 (eg)I am a teacher because I like
working with people.

22
★ Score

Group1:

Group2:

Group3:

Group4:
23
Vocabulary teaching skills

Visual learners
-see words repetitively
(eg) flashcards, word puzzles, picture
drawing

Auditory learners
-hear words repetitively
(eg) read aloud, tape
24

Kinesthetic learners
-writing words repetitively
(eg) make their own puzzles

Showing lexical relations
-synonym, antonym
(eg) synonym : cold = chilly
antonym : cold  hot
25
Roots
—prefix
(eg) co- ： with, together △collaborate, collect
—suffix
(eg)-ity ：a condition △personality, nationality
 Others
(eg) songs, video, story, game( word cross,
word search, cross words, vocabulary
match, charade, cloze)

26
Word cross game
27
Word search
28
Web link
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zy8JvCr9_Eg
(teaching tips)
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RbcXDvhzWk&feature=related (drawing)
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TrBpCpyBk4U&
feature=related (charade)
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rHuEX_qOZug
(This is a what?)
29
Thanks for your listening!
30