Chapter 9: Section 1


Protist- An organism that lives in a moist or wet habitat

Contains organisms that don’t fit anywhere else!

ALL PROTISTS

Have a nucleus (eukaryotic)

SOME PROTISTS


Single celled/Many celled
Make food/Consume food


Otherwise known as ALGAE

All-
 contain chlorophyll  make own food

Some-


Single-celled/many-celled
Are not green b/c a different pigment covers chlorophyll

Divided into 6 phyla according to their pigments and how they store food


Common name- Euglenas

Characteristics:






Single-celled
Pigment is chlorophyll
Stores food as carbohydrates
No cell wall, but thick layer inside cell membrane
Moves using flagella (whip like tail)
Has an eyespot that respond to light


Common name- Diatoms

Characteristics:




Single-celled
Stores food as oil
Golden-brown pigment & chlorophyll
Cell wall is a glasslike shell made from silica


Common name: Dinoflagellates

Characteristics:





Single-celled
Stores food as oil & starch
Red pigment & chlorophyll
Move with 2 flagellum causing it to spin
Many produce a chemical that causes them to glow!


Common name: Green Algae

Characteristics:



Single-celled and many-celled
Store food as starch
Contains only chlorophyll


Common name: Red Algae

Characteristics:



Most are many- celled
Store food as starch
Contain red pigment that absorbs minimal light


Common name: Brown Algae

Characteristics:



Many-celled
Store food as starch
Brown pigments & chlorophyll



Diatom shells are used in paints & make up
(make it shiny) and toothpaste (make it abrasive)
Red Algae is used in pudding and toothpaste
(makes them creamy & smooth)

Brown Algae is used in ice cream & marshmallows (makes thick) and is eaten in sushi & salads


A main food source for herbivores of the water

Provides oxygen through photosynthesis


Otherwise known as PROTOZOA

All single-celled organisms

Can’t make their own food (heterotrophs)

Contain special vacuoles for digesting food & ridding excess water

Four phyla based on method of movement


Common name: The Amoebas

Use a temporary extension of the cytoplasm called a pseudopod to:


Move- extend a section out and drag forward
Eat- extension surrounds the food particle (endocytosis)


Common name: Flagellates

Move by whipping one or more flagella


Common name: Ciliates

Move by using cilia

Short threadlike fibers that beat back/forth

Have two nuclei

Feed through an “oral groove”


Have no way of moving on their own

Only survive as a parasite
Plasmodium is the protist that causes
Malaria


Good- Consuming bacteria

Example: Waste water treatment

Bad- Disease causing

Examples: African Sleeping Sickness, Malaria, dysentery (diarrhea)
The amoeba that causes acute diarrhea!
Trysanopoma among red blood cells in someone with Sleeping Sickness


Have features of protists and fungi

ALL


Reproduce using spores
Obtain energy from decomposing organic materials


At times use pseudopods to move and feed like an amoeba

Most of their life is spent acting like a fungus

Feeding on decaying matter and producing spores


Protist like b/c reproductive spores have flagellum to move

Fungus like b/c they grow as a mass of threads over a plant or animal, digest it and then absorb its nutrients