SETTING THE STAGE
WHY THIS IS
I M P O RTA N T
CAREGIVER ABUSE STATISICS
Commit ¼ of all crimes against people with disabilities
(Samuel, 1994)
Reported theft – 40%
(Independent Living Center Research, Ulicny, 1991)
Reported physical abuse – 10%
(Independent Living Center Research, Ulicny, 1991)
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DISCLOSING/REPORTING
More than half the crime never reported
Not perceived as credible witnesses
Handled administratively
Lower rates of police follow-up, prosecution and
convictions
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MORE THAN HALF THE CRIME ARE
NEVER REPORTED, WHY?
One victim’s response for not telling after
being sexual assaulted.
“ I don’t tell people…they tell me…all my
life people tell me what to do.”
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LANGUAGE
VOCABULARY
► G E N E R AT I O N A L
► C U LT U R A L
SEXUAL LANGUAGE
Accurate sexual language
Appropriate sexual language
Appropriate sexual expression
Understanding intent and consequences
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VOCABULARY
We change our vocabulary depending upon who
we are talking to.
Parents/guardians often give names to their
child’s genitals.
Can be confusing because of the many different
names/meaning given to one word.
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GOOD TOUCH/BAD TOUCH?
Touch is tangible and reciprocal (concrete).
Describing touch is based on speech, vocabulary,
experience, culture, and more (abstract).
When describing touch both the sender and receiver
must be on the same page, understand the intensity
and emotion of the touch.
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WHAT ARE EMOTIONAL TRIGGERS?
Triggers are something that sets off an emotional
memory or flashback to an event.
Triggers can take us back to a happy experience, such as:
your first boy/girl friend; turning sweet 16 or 21; buying
your first car; first day of college; marriage; graduation;
winning a sporting event; any special event.
Or, triggers can take us back to a personal trauma.
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TRIGGERS ARE…
•
•
•
•
Personal
Different for different people
Varied and diverse
Activated through one or more of our five senses:
•
•
•
•
•
Sight
Sound
Touch
Smell
Taste
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COMMON TRIGGER SENSES
Sight and sound are the most common triggers, followed by touch
and smell, and then taste.
Sight:
 Someone who resembles the person (i.e., hair color, clothing,
distinctive characteristic);
 Any place or situation where the event occurred (i.e., holiday,
family event, social setting);
 Objects that are associated with the event (i.e., time of year, piece
of furniture, alcohol, car);
 Any physical characteristic and/or movement (i.e., verbal
command, raised eyebrow, smile/snicker)
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COMMON TRIGGER SENSES
Sounds:
 Anything that resembles sounds of the event (i.e., whistling, song
on the radio/TV, tone of voice, yelling, cheering);
 Anything that might have been in the place or situation (i.e., sirens,
foghorns, music, car door closing);
 Words (i.e., specific words, words of endearment, cursing, labels);
 Anything that sounds like fear or pain (i.e., crying, screaming,
whispering, whimpering).
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COMMON TRIGGER SENSES
Smell:
• Any smell that resembles the place or situation (i.e., food
cooking, other odors;
• Any smells that resembles the person (i.e., tobacco, perfume,
after shave, alcohol).
Touch:
 Anything that resembles the things that occurred prior or during
the event (i.e., a physical touch, someone standing too close,
the way someone approached you)
Taste:
 Anything that is related to the situation (i.e., certain foods,
alcohol, tobacco).
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WHAT IS REFLECTIVE LISTENING?
Reflective listening involves listening intently to a speaker
then verbally restating in your own words, the feeling and
information you heard the speaker say to you.
Reflective listening is also know as:
 An empathic ear
 Active listening
 Verbal pacing
 Paraphrasing
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BENEFITS OF REFLECTIVE LISTENING
1. Can be used in any conversational situation
2. Creates empathy
3. Builds positive rapport and a deepening
relationship
4. Helps the speaker to clarify their own thoughts and
feelings
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REFLECTIVE LISTENING REQUIRES
 Your desirer to understand and accept how the other
person is thinking and feelings;
 Belief that the person is worthwhile;
 Your need to be free from your own problems;
 You to trust the speaker to fins their own solution
rather than try and convince them of your own;
 Willingness not to judge the person; and
 Your desire to explore a problem and help the listener
understand the dimensions of the problem, possible
choices and their consequences.
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REFLECTIVE LISTENING TECHNIQUES
o So you feel…
o You’re wondering if…
o It sounds like…
o Use appropriate silence
o Ask for clarification
o Use non-verbal empathic echoing of other’s
feelings (such as: facial expression, eye contact,
body orientation, gestures)
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ANY QUESTIONS?
REFERENCES
Educ.jmu.edu/~smilowme/Listenex.html
www. only-effective-communication-skills.com/refelctive-listening.html
www.ehow.com/how_2314760_use-reflective-listening-techniques.html
Psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2010/09/03/8-tips-for-improving-yourmemory
Psychcentral.com/lib/2008/what-is-a-trigger/
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CONTACT INFORMATION
Beverly L. Frantz, PhD
Criminal Justice and Sexuality Project Director
Institute on Disabilities, Temple University
1755 N 13th Street
Student Center, Room 411S
Philadelphia, PA 19122
Direct:
215-204-5078
Main/TTY: 215-204-1356
Fax:
215-204-6336
Email:
bfrantz@temple.edu
http://disabilities.temple.edu
INSTITUTE ON DISABILITIES, TEMPLE UNIVERSITY