FINAL PROJECT JOURNAL
“CHARACTERISTICS COEFFICIENT ANALYSIS
PARAMETERS ON RECHARGE AREA DISTRICT
ANTANG PUDDLE MAKASSAR CITY”
COMPILED BY :
DESI LEMBANG
D111 08 253
JURUSAN SIPIL
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN
2013
CHARACTERISTICS COEFFICIENT ANALYSIS PARAMETERS ON RECHARGE
AREA DISTRICT ANTANG PUDDLE MAKASSAR CITY
J.Patanduk1, H.Arfan1, D.Lembang2,
ABSTRACT: Regional Antang Kecamatam puddle in the city of Makassar, as occurred on Jl Raya Antang and
Perumnas Antang due to several factors, one factor is the soil conditions that affect absorption. To determine the
coefficient of permeability, the factors that affect the absorption of doing so in the physical properties of soil testing is
technically in the laboratory. From the test results obtained by the value of the coefficient of permeability (k) on Jl.
Kingdom Antang is 9.59 x10-5 cm / sec and 1.06 x10-4 cm / sec, factors affecting absorption is the type of soil and
grain size, permeability, soil density, moisture content in the soil. Derived permeability values used in the calculation of
infiltration wells discharge.
Keywords: Makassar, District Antang, puddle, absorption, permeability
INTRODUCTION
METHODS
As a Metropolitan city, Makassar economic
growth that's growing population and the
increasing impact on development. Population
growth and increasing development resulted in
many lands (swamps) are reclaimed into
residential areas resulting in a change in the
existing system flow and result in reduced
catchments area function as a facility that can
accommodate the excess water when it rains.
This poses a considerable impact on the urban
drainage system, resulting in disruption of the
drainage system. With such a situation when
the rainy season arrives, there are a few areas
that flooded. Some critical points puddle, like
in the East District of the city of Antang. The
problem is how much the value of the
coefficient of permeability (k) type of soil in
dump area, what factors influence the
infiltration in flood areas, how the
characteristics of the soil material in flood
areas.
To solve the problem, this research is
limited as follows:
Sampling
1. Testing soil characteristics based on ASTM
standards and SNI.
2. Soil material used is land taken from two
locations in the District puddle Antang the
National Housing Authority and Antang
Jalan Raya.
1 Lecturer Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering, UNHAS
1Dosen Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering, UNHAS
2 Students of Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering Unhas
Sampling Antang inundation areas in the
district.
Laboratory testing of soil samples
• permeability experiments, carried out
with the falling head method, (ASTM
D2434-68)
• soil density experiment, done by
testing the soil water content and
volume weight of the soil in accordance
with
procedures.
Moisture
test
procedures
(SNI
03-1965-1990).
Volume weight of soil testing
procedures
(SNI
03-1965-1990).
• Testing of soil density (SNI 03-19641990)
• Testing of soil grain size (sieve
analysis)
(ASTM
D-1140)
• Testing hydrometer (SNI 03-34231994).
• Testing Atterberg limits (ASTM D
3080-72)
 Falling Head Permeability Test
Falling head permeability test or voltage that
decreases water use if the soil seeped small,
the water seeps into the soil sample will be
very little.
𝛾𝑑 =
d
h
𝛾
1+
𝑊(%)
100
where :
W = weight Pycnometer (gram)
V = soil volume (cm³)
γ = wet weight of the soil
volume (gram/cm³)
γd = weight of dry soil volume
(gram/cm³)
w = water content (%)
Broad pipe
(a)
h
h
0
Example Soil
(Broad A)
h
1
L
 Specific Gravity
𝐺𝑠 =
Picture 1. Voltage Descending (Falling Head)
The Equation is :
𝑘 =
𝑄 ×𝐿
𝐴 ×𝑡
ℎ𝑖
× 𝑙𝑛(ℎ𝑓) …………………….(2)
Dimana : K = permeability coefficient
Q = volume of water that comes out
(cm3)
L = sample length (cm)
A= broad cross-section of the sample
(cm²)
hi = high initial water (cm)
hf = high-water end of the experiment
(cm)
t = testing time (sec)
According to Darcy's law of groundwater
flow velocity is proportional to the hydraulic
gradient, namely:
𝑣 = 𝑘 × 𝑖 ………………………...(3)
𝑄 = 𝐴 × 𝑣 ………………...............(4)
𝑄 = 𝐴 × 𝑘 × 𝑖 …….………………..(5)
Dimana : Q= quantity of water per unit
time
V= flow rate
A= Cross-sectional area of land
k= permeability coefficient
(coefficient of permeability)
i = hydraulic gradient
 Testing of soil volume weight
𝑊
𝛾 =
……………………………...(6)
𝑉
………………………..(7)
𝑊2−𝑊1
(𝑊4−𝑊1)−(𝑊3−𝑊2)
.…………(8)
Dimana : Gs = Specific Gravity, Gs
W1 = weight Pycnometer (gram)
W2 = weight Pycnometer + dry
matter (gram)
W3 = weight Pycnometer + dry
matter + air (gram)
W4 = weight Pycnometer +
water (gram)
 Sieve Analysis
Uniformity coefficient calculated by the
formula:
𝐶𝑢 =
𝐷60
𝐷10
.............................................. (9)
Gradation coefficient is calculated by the
formula:
𝐷302
𝐶𝑐 =
.................................. (10)
𝐷60 ××𝐷10
Dimana : Cu = Coefficient of uniformity
Cc = coefficient of gradation
D10= Grain diameter is associated with a
10% pass (mm)
D30= Grain diameter is associated with a
30% pass (mm)
D60= Grain diameter is associated with a
30% pass (mm)
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Of tests performed in the laboratory test results
obtained as on the following table:
Table 1. Soil Testing Results Recap on JL
Location. Antang Raya
No
Jenis Pengujian
Hasil
2,62
1 Specific Gravity, Gs
2 Soil density
Gambar (7)
a. water content
32,41 %
b. Heavy volume wet
1,681 gr/cm³
(γw)
c. Dry volume weight
1,107 gr/cm³
(γd)
64 % coarse
3 Sieve analysis and
hydrometer
grained dan 36 %
fine-grained
0,0000959
4 Permeability
cm/det
5 The limits atterberg
a. liquid limit
60,939 %
b. plastic limit
47,24 %
c. shrinkage limit
28,03 %
d. plastic index
13,7 %
6 Kompaksi
a. Optimum water
35,71 %
content
b. Berat isi kering
1,23 gr/cm3
6
Compacting
a. Optimum water
content
b. Dry bulk density
37,29%
1,21 gr/cm3
Factors that cause ponding of water due to poor
absorption:
 Soil type and Grain Size
B Based on specific gravity testing the soil in a
pool obtained density (specific gravity)
between 2.585 to 2.62. Based on the type of
soil the specification table, showed that the two
types of clay type soil inundation locations.
Loam soil types according to USCS has a grain
size <0.075 mm. A fine-grained soil types,
when exposed to water and being wet it will
expand. The development resulted in reduced
pore volume, so that infiltration will shrink.
From the test results obtained by sieving
particle size distribution chart of each study
area.
Tabel 2. Hasil Pengujian Tanah pada Lokasi
Perumnas Antang
No
1
2
3
Jenis Pengujian
Specific Gravity, Gs
Soil density
a. Kadar air
b.Wet weight volume
(γw)
c. Dry volume weight
(γd)
Sieve analysis and
hydrometer
4
Permeability
5
Atterberg limits of
a. liquid limit
b. plastic limit
c. shrinkage limit
d. plastic index
Hasil
2,585
33,63 %
1,69 gr/cm³
1,103 gr/cm³
Gambar 2. Grafik Distribusi Ukuran Partikel
Tanah di Perumnas Antang
63 % berbutir
kasar dan 37 %
berbutir halus
0,00010625
cm/det
52,862 %
36,62 %
29 %
16,24 %
Gambar 3. Soil Particle Size Distribution graph
in Jl. Antang Raya
According to the AASHTO soil classification
more than 35% of all land-type clays No.200
sieve, sieve analysis test is based on both the
location of land inundation Perumnas Antang
and Jl. Raya Antang obtained 200 soil sieve
between 36-37%. This suggests that both types
of soil the location puddle clay type.
 Permeability
 To Jl. Antang Raya, Q = 0,000826
cm³/sec
 To Perumnas Antang, Q = 0,0011
cm³/sec
Test the soil permeability coefficient can be
classified as a very slow release of land so that
the flow of water runoff that may occur
because the ground has little capacity to pass
water into the soil.
 Soil Density
The higher density of the soil in an area then
seepage that occurs will be smaller. This is due
to the higher density of the inter-pore space in
the soil is also more tightly.
 Moisture Content in the Soil
On the results of soil moisture content obtained
in the laboratory,Jl. Antang Raya 32,41 %,
Perumnas Antang 33,63 %. Of the value of
water content in the soil can be said in humid
conditions.
If the soil in the humid conditions of
infiltration will be lower than the soil in dry
conditions. This is due to the moist soil has a
low pore volume occupied by water due.
 Factors Geology and Soil Types
Soil types that exist in the city of Makassar
consisting of soil and soil Inceptisol ultisol.
This land spread mainly on the plain between
the hills, the river levees, swamp behind the
river, alluvial plains, mostly flat plains berelief
structural. Sometimes it is the condition of
waterlogged for long intervals at a depth of 40
to 50 cm. Inceptisol land characterized by the
clay content is not yet well established due to
the dry and wet washout processes in the soil
layer.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusion
Based on the results of laboratory research
on the characteristics of the absorption
coefficient at three locations in the city of
Makassar ground pool can be concluded that:
 The coefficient of permeability (k) at Jl.
Raya Antang and Perumnas Antang ie 9.59
x10-5 cm / sec and 1.06 x10-4 cm / sec,
showing that the land included in the type of
soil that has low permeability. Based on the
test results obtained specific gravity is 2.62
and 2.585, indicating that the soil in both
locations puddle clay type. And the results
of testing the density (weight volume and
water content) showed that the soil moist all
three locations in the state.
 Factors affecting absorption is the type of
soil and grain size, permeability, soil
density, moisture content in the soil.
 For soil classification system by examining
characteristics of the soil according to USCS
and AASHTO Jl. Raya Antang and
Perumnas Antang, graphs obtained from soil
classification according to USCS → OH and
AASHTO → A-7-5 it can be concluded that
the soil in the classification of argillaceous
soil with moderate plasticity properties.
Suggestion
 To obtain a more accurate permeability
coefficient can be done directly in the field
for example by using slug test.
 Research conducted with other variations
such as rainfall intensity and land cover
influence on flood inundation.
 For further research should be testing more
than two points in order to obtain more
accurate data.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Addressed to the Dean of the Faculty of
Engineering,
Hasanuddin
University,
Chairman of the Department of Civil
Engineering, Soil Mechanics laboratory
staff, and students of the Civil Engineering
Department for their assistance and
cooperation in the research that we do.
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