UNCLASSIFIED
Air Ground Integration (AGI)
& Capabilities Brief
1-211th ARB / 2-211th GSAB
UNCLASSIFIED
PREPARED BY 1-211th
ARB TACOPS
MARCH 2014
UNCLASSIFIED
Agenda
• Task Organization
• Aerial vs. Ground
Perspective
• Attack / Recon Aircraft
• Air-Ground Integration
• Air Assault Mission
Planning
• General Support Aviation
• MEDEVAC/CASEVAC
• Questions
UNCLASSIFIED
PREPARED BY 1-211th
ARB TACOPS
MARCH 2014
UNCLASSIFIED
Aerial vs. Ground Perspective
UNCLASSIFIED
PREPARED BY 1-211th
ARB TACOPS
MARCH 2014
UNCLASSIFIED
What you see…
A Marines
Perspective
UNCLASSIFIED
PREPARED BY 1-211th
ARB TACOPS
MARCH 2014
UNCLASSIFIED
What we see…
Aviator’s Perspective
PREPARED BY 1-211th
ARB TACOPS
MARCH 2014
UNCLASSIFIED
Attack / Recon
UNCLASSIFIED
PREPARED BY 1-211th
ARB TACOPS
MARCH 2014
UNCLASSIFIED
AH-64D Apache Longbow
Cruise Airspeed ~ 110 Knots
Combat Radius ~ 250 Km
Flight Time ~ 3 Hours
PREPARED BY 1-211th
ARB TACOPS
MARCH 2014
UNCLASSIFIED
Weapon Systems
PREPARED BY 1-211th
ARB TACOPS
MARCH 2014
UNCLASSIFIED
Copilot/Gunner Sight Systems
LST: Laser Spot Tracker
DTV: Day TV
DVO: Direct View Optics
LRF/D: Laser Range
Finder / Designator
TADS: Target Acquisition / Designation System
AN/ASQ-170
UNCLASSIFIED
FLIR: Forward
Looking Infrared
PREPARED BY 1-211th
ARB TACOPS
MARCH 2014
1-211th ARB
AH-64D Apache – General Information
Callsign Example:
PIRATE 13/14
Night Capabilities:
Night Vision Goggle (NVG) equipped
IR Laser Pointer – Low, High, or Pulse
Forward Looking Infra-red (FLIR) a.k.a. Thermal
1-211th
ARB
Standard Weapons Load:
3 x HELLFIRE Laser Guided Missiles (K2A, M, N)
19 x 2.75 in. Folding Fin Aerial Rockets:
-12x Point Detonating High Explosive
-4x IR illumination
-3x Flechette (1179 “darts”)
330 x 30mm High Explosive Dual Purpose
Total Aloft Time: ~ 3 hours
Mission Time: ~ 2 hours
The Apache Longbow is a very capable attack platform. But like any airframe, it has limitations.
Make sure you understand the distances from which weapons can be employed and distance
sensors can be used for reconnaissance. It is important to understand the different munitions and
what they provide. On request, the Apache can deliver visual or IR illumination over an objective –
up to three minutes, per rocket.
Some aircraft are equipped with the FCR (Fire Control Radar), which can be used to quickly find
and target enemy tanks, ADA, and other ground vehicles.
UNCLASSIFIED
PREPARED BY 1-211th
ARB TACOPS
MARCH 2014
UNCLASSIFIED
Air-Ground Integration - Defined
Operations must be integrated so air and ground forces
can simultaneously work in the operational environment
to achieve a common objective. Integration maximizes
combat power through synergy of both forces. The
synchronization of aviation operations into the ground
commander’s scheme of maneuver may also require
integration of other services or coalition partners. It may
also require integration of attack reconnaissance,
assault, and cargo helicopters.
FM 3-04.126, Attack Reconnaissance Helicopter Operations
UNCLASSIFIED
PREPARED BY 1-211th
ARB TACOPS
MARCH 2014
UNCLASSIFIED
Air-Ground Integration – How To
Effective integration of Air and Ground assets is
required to successfully conduct combined arms
operations. Each element (air and ground) brings
unique capabilities and limitations to the brigade
commander. Integration starts at home station with
implementation of effective SOP’s, habitual relationships, and air-ground team training. It continues
through planning, preparation, and execution of the
operation.
FM 3-20.971, Brigade Reconnaissance Troop
UNCLASSIFIED
PREPARED BY 1-211th
ARB TACOPS
MARCH 2014
UNCLASSIFIED
Aviation Planning Considerations
UNCLASSIFIED
PREPARED BY 1-211th
ARB TACOPS
MARCH 2014
UNCLASSIFIED
AGI in the Planning Process
• AGI, or Air to Ground Integration, is how the ground
and air elements “get on the same page.”
• Plan for aviation on appropriate missions (CCAs,
MEDEVAC, CASEVAC) – be familiar with the Air
Mission Request (AMR) Process.
• Plan and predict timing of the decisive point and/or
key goals that need to be accomplished
• Give specific task and purpose (update frequently)
• Plan can not always be exclusively dependent upon
aviation
• Understand aviation limitations, by airframe
• Exchange of common maneuver graphics
UNCLASSIFIED
PREPARED BY 1-211th
ARB TACOPS
MARCH 2014
UNCLASSIFIED
Graphic Control Measures
Are common graphics being shared?
2KM by 2KM
TRP
A
-3
A
-4
B
-4
A
-1
B
-1
TCP
3
B
-3
1
A
-2
B
-2
Objective
PL
Longstreet
C
-1
D
-1
D
-2
TCP
2
C
-3
3
4
TCP
1
Aircraft (Interdict/Isolate)
PL
Gruber
C
-2
2
UNCLASSIFIED
PREPARED BY 1-211th
ARB TACOPS
MARCH 2014
UNCLASSIFIED
Key Hole CAS
A
D
E
IP
B
C
UNCLASSIFIED
PREPARED BY 1-211th
ARB TACOPS
MARCH 2014
UNCLASSIFIED
CCA
• CCA, or Close Combat Attack, is defined as a coordinated attack
by Army Aircraft against targets that are in close proximity to friendly
forces.
• CCA communications are IAW current J-Fire, J-Brevity manuals –
the ground element interfacing with aircraft should be familiar with
the J-Fire Manual (FM 3-09.32) – especially brevity terms and danger
close distances.
• Army Attack helicopters not considered a CAS platform – CCA is
“Friendly Centric” and CAS is “Target Centric”
• Army attack provides CCA and can provide recon / ISR as
necessary.
• Due to enhanced SA, habitual relationship with Army Ground
Forces, Army CCA does not necessarily require terminal control from
JTAC or FAC.
• Army prefers CCA method. Aircrews can conduct 5 OR 9 Line when
supporting JTAC/FAC , or when customer is not familiar with CCA
procedures. Army prefers the CCA 5 Line over the CAS 9 Line. PREPARED BY 1-211th
ARB TACOPS
UNCLASSIFIED
MARCH 2014
UNCLASSIFIED
Aircraft Check-In
(Aircraft Transmits to Controller)
1. Establish Initial Contact – (Ground unit in contact), this is (aircraft call sign)
2. Aircraft Team Composition and Location: ______________
3. Munitions Available:
______________________________
4. Night Vision Capability and Type: ____________________
5. Station Time: _____________________________________
6. Current Task and Purpose: __________________________
UNCLASSIFIED
PREPARED BY 1-211th
ARB TACOPS
MARCH 2014
UNCLASSIFIED
Aircraft Check-In
What A Ground Unit Should Hear from the Aircraft
“Tiger 22 this is Pirate 15. 2 x AH-64Ds currently vicinity of CP 12. We
have 300 rounds of 30mm, 2 full pods of rockets with PD, Flechette, and
IR Illum, and 3 Hellfire missiles. We are IR Laser and NVG equipped.
Our laser codes as briefed. We have 45 minutes of station time. Request
current grid, SITREP, aviation advisories and current task and purpose.
Please advise of any other assets in the vicinity, i.e. ARTY, CAS, UAS.”
UNCLASSIFIED
PREPARED BY 1-211th
ARB TACOPS
MARCH 2014
UNCLASSIFIED
Ground Commander SITREP
(Ground Commander to Aircraft)
1. Callsign and Composition – (Ground unit in contact), this is (aircraft call sign)
2. Friendly Location and Markings: ______________
3. Enemy Location or Last Known Contact:
______________________________
4. Mission (Task and Purpose): ____________________
5. Scheme of Maneuver: ___________________________ (update if needed)
6. Clearance of Fires: ________________________ (update if needed)
7. Indirect Fires and Unmanned Aerial Systems: __________________________
UNCLASSIFIED
PREPARED BY 1-211th
ARB TACOPS
MARCH 2014
UNCLASSIFIED
CCA 5-Line
• CCA 5-Line Briefing is a FRAGO given from Ground to Air
• Transmission of the CCA 5-line is Clearance to Fire
• When Danger Close, Ground Commander must accept
increased risk by Verbally stating “ Cleared Danger Close”
with Ground Commanders Initials.
• Danger Close may be preplanned. In the event of Danger
Close, it is highly recommended for ground elements to get
in a defensive, prone position.
• Given in Remarks Section – Line 5
• Additional Restrictions are passed in line 5
• CCA 5-line should be passed to Air Mission Commander
(AMC) as early as possible to formulate an attack plan.
UNCLASSIFIED
PREPARED BY 1-211th
ARB TACOPS
MARCH 2014
UNCLASSIFIED
Ground Commander SITREP
What Aircraft Should Hear from the Ground Unit
“Pirate 15 this is Tiger 22. No change to previous grid provided. I am
located in the 3rd vehicle in a 5 gun truck convoy. We are currently at
CP14 moving south to CP19 along MSR Copper. My lead and trail vehicle
are marked by VS-17 panels. We have had negative enemy contact along
the route. We are approaching a previous ambush site at CP16. Conduct
route recon ahead of my convoy IOT identify possible ambush locations
along the route. I am the clearance of fires authority and have negative
IDF or UAS systems in support of this convoy.”
UNCLASSIFIED
PREPARED BY 1-211th
ARB TACOPS
MARCH 2014
UNCLASSIFIED
Danger Close / RED
UNCLASSIFIED
PREPARED BY 1-211th
ARB TACOPS
MARCH 2014
UNCLASSIFIED
Questions?
UNCLASSIFIED
PREPARED BY 1-211th
ARB TACOPS
MARCH 2014
UNCLASSIFIED
Air Assault Mission Planning
UNCLASSIFIED
Air Assault
Air assault operations are the movement of assault
forces using the firepower, mobility, and total
integration of helicopter assets to engage and
destroy enemy forces or seize and hold key terrain.
Air assaults allow friendly forces to strike over
extended distances and terrain to attack the enemy
when and where it is most vulnerable.
FM 3-04.113
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
AGENDA
• WHY DO WE DO AIR
ASSAULTS?
• HOW DO WE DO AIR
ASSAULTS?
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
WHY AIR ASSAULTS?
To strike over extended distances and
obstacles with fast and flexible
precision.
Can land to the X or the Y.
Advantages
• Ability to Bypass Obstacles
• Add Flexibility/Surprise to an
Operation
• Time Sensitive Targets (TSTs)
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
IED
Bypass Defenses and Obstacles
The ability to circumvent enemy defenses and obstacles; allows the
ground commander to reach areas not allowed by ground means of
travel.
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Flexibility/Surprise
Forces the enemy to react to decisions made by the ground
commander; the notion the ground commander is or can be
“everywhere at once.”
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Time Sensitive Targets (TST) / Missions
Provides the ability to land to a precise place at a precise time.
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
How do we do air assaults?
The Reverse Planning Sequence. Successful air assault execution is
based on a careful analysis of METT-TC and detailed, precise reverse
planning. Five basic plans that comprise the reverse planning sequence
are developed for each air assault operation.
Five basic plans are:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
The ground tactical plan (GTP). (Ground Element Plan of Attack after
Landing)
The landing plan. (Where the Helicopters are going to land)
The air movement plan. (How the Helicopters go from base to
landing zone)
The loading plan. (How you are going to get on/off the helicopter)
The staging plan. (Planning, Preparations)
UNCLASSIFIED
32
UNCLASSIFIED
AIR ASSAULT PLANNING
THE FIVE AIR ASSAULT PLANS
Planning in this Sequence
PZ
AVN
LZ
1
SP
RP
OBJ
PZ
LZ
GND
GND TAC PLAN
ACT IONS ON THE OBJ
BASIS FOR OTHER PLANS
DEFINES ATK ROLES
LANDING
LZ SELECTION
OVERWATCH PLAN
PATHFINDER USE
A/C FLOW INTO LZ
AIR MVMNT
AIR MOVE TABLE
FLT ROUTES
A2C2 PLAN
ATK A/C RT RECON
ARMED ESCORT
LOADING
PZ SELECTION
PZ ORGANIZATION
BUMP PLAN
Execute in this Sequence
STAGING
MARSHALL PLAN
PZ CONTROL
33
UNCLASSIFIED
Agility is the ability of friendly forces to
react faster than the enemy and is a
prerequisite for seizing and holding the
initiative. It is as much a mental as a
physical quality.
UNCLASSIFIED
34
UNCLASSIFIED
Questions?
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
General Support Aviation
UNCLASSIFIED
General Support Aviation Planning
Mission Configurations:
–
–
–
–
Seats in (UH):
11 personnel
Seats out (UH):
16-20 personnel
Seats in (CH):
33 personnel (CH-47F has 2 Additional Crew Seats)
CASEVAC Aircraft: (UH) 3 litters and 1 ambulatory or as many ambulatory as
seats are available on board
(CH) 12 Litter, 24 Litter With Litter Kit Installed
– All flights will have 1 x AVN O/C and 1 x Ground O/C on board
PZ/LZ Selection (Supported unit responsibility)
– Size – Planning dimensions: (FM 90-4)
• UH-60 – 50 meters
• CH-47 – 80 meters
Sling Load Operations:
– UH-60 A Max Weight 8,000 lbs
– UH-60 L/M Max Weight 9,000 lbs
– CH-47 Max Weight 26,000 lbs (Multiple Hook Loads)
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
CH-47F Capabilities
UNCLASSIFIED
38
UNCLASSIFIED
Typical Missions
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Air Assault
Resupply
Air Movement
Sling Loads
Downed aircraft recovery (DART)
Gun Raids (105 and 155mm Howitzers)
High Altitude Ops and Rescue
UNCLASSIFIED
39
UNCLASSIFIED
Lift Capabilities
• Weights
–
–
–
–
Max gross: 50,000 lbs
Basic Weight: approx 31,000 lbs
Mission Weight: approx 33,000 lbs w/fuel, msn equip
Lifting Capability: 17,000 lbs
40
UNCLASSIFIED
External Loading
• Three hooks provide versatile loading
capability for diverse missions
– Center Hook: Max 26,000 lbs
– Forward and Aft Hook: Max 17,000 lbs each
– Tandem Loads: Max 25,000 lbs
• Bottom Line: 17,000 lbs of total lift
capacity in the hot desert environment.
• Customer is responsible for rigging and
certifying the load.
UNCLASSIFIED
41
UNCLASSIFIED
External Loading
UNCLASSIFIED
42
UNCLASSIFIED
Internal Loading
• Carry 3x AF 463L Pallets or Skids (4’wide, 8’long, 52”
high) weighing no more than 7500 pounds each.
• Pallets require Forklift support during upload
• Floor loaded cargo requires increased manpower and
ground time requirements.
• Able to load vehicles.
UNCLASSIFIED
43
UNCLASSIFIED
Internal Loading
Approx 66 passengers w/ out seat belts
(Record is ~120+ passengers)
UNCLASSIFIED
44
UNCLASSIFIED
Planning Considerations
• Chinooks can DESTROY equipment on PZs and LZs.
– Winds in excess of 150 MPH
• Company size Chinook Air Assaults are force multipliers.
UNCLASSIFIED
45
UNCLASSIFIED
“You Call, We Haul”
46
UNCLASSIFIED
MEDEVAC / CASEVAC
Force Multiplier:
• Allows Maneuver Commander to Continue
Mission
• Preserves our Greatest Assets
• Builds Confidence
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Capabilities
MEDEVAC – Timely, efficient movement and
en route care by medical personnel of the
wounded, injured, and ill persons, from the
battlefield and other locations to medical
treatment facilities (MTFs). The term
MEDEVAC refers to both ground and air
evacuation assets.
CASEVAC – The movement of casualties
to initial medical treatment facilities and
movement of casualties to MTFs in the
combat zone. It does not include en
route care by medical personnel and
implies that nonmedical assets are being
used to move casualties.
If calling for MEDEVAC, the standard format is the 10 Line, formerly 9 Line
MEDEVAC. An example is provided on the next slide. In order to launch,
the first 5 lines are needed – the rest can be provided en route to pick up.
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
MEDEVAC Request
1 - Location of Pickup (Encrypt the coordinates)
2 - Frequency, Call sign, and Suffix (if used)
NOTE: Callsign and suffix may be transmitted in
the clear
3 - # of Patients by Precedence
A – Urgent
B – Surgery
C – Priority
D – Routine
E – Convenience
4 - Special Equipment Required
A – None
B – Hoist
C – Extraction equipment
D – Ventilator
5 - # of Patients by Type
L + # of patients (Litter)
A + # of patients (Ambulatory)
6 - Security of Pickup Site
N – No enemy in area
P – Possible enemy in area, use caution
E – Enemy in area, approach with caution
X – Enemy in area, armed escort required
7 - Method of Marking Pickup Site
A – Panels
B – Pyrotechnic signal
C – Smoke signal
D – None
E – Other
8 - Patient Nationality and Status
A – US military
B – US citizen
C – Non-US military
D – Non-US citizen
E – Enemy prisoner of war
9 - CBRN Contamination
C – Chemical
B – Biological
R – Radiological
N – Nuclear
10 – MIST:
Mechanism of Injury
Injury Sustained
Vital Signs
Treatment Given
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Pick-up Zone Selection
• Suitable
• Not Suitable
– Clear of obstructions
– Area not likely for ambush
– Hard packed dirt, gravel, or
pavement
– Clear of vehicles and
personnel (to include ground
guides)
7 Paces
Direction of Wind
Direction of Landing
14
Paces
14
Paces
X
– Contains debris (commo wire,
engineer tape, loose
equipment)
– Wires in vicinity
– Unstaked VS-17 panels
– Contains obstacles (ie.
Towers, light poles)
– Not cleared of possible IEDs
– Personnel marking PZ
– Loose dirt (brownout
conditions)
– Vicinity of a road turn (IED
target areas)
TOUCHDOWN
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
PZ Effects
Suitable PZ
Unsuitable PZ
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Questions?
1-211th ARB / 2-211th GSAB
Callsign: PIRATE
AH-64D Apache – General Information
Night Capabilities:
Night Vision Goggle (NVG) equipped
IR Laser Pointer – Low, High, or Pulse
Forward Looking Infra-red (FLIR) a.k.a. Thermal
1-211th
ARB
Standard Weapons Load:
3 x HELLFIRE Laser Guided Missiles (K2A, M, N)
19 x 2.75 in. Folding Fin Aerial Rockets:
-12x Point Detonating High Explosive
-4x IR illumination
-3x Flechette (1179 “darts”)
330 x 30mm High Explosive Dual Purpose
Total Aloft Time: ~ 3 hours
Mission Time: ~ 2 hours
Callsign: MUSTANG
2-211th
GSAB
UH-60L Blackhawk – General Information
Night Capabilities:
NVG equipped, with door gunner laser
Air Assault Capabilities:
11 x combat ready troops
4,000 lb of cargo (40 deg Celsius)
UNCLASSIFIED