Job Hazard Analysis (JHA)
Training
Robert Evangelisti, P.E., CEA, CHMM, CSP
Occupational and Environmental Safety & Health
University of Wisconsin-Whitewater
Midwest Water Analysts Association Expo 2016 Winter Meeting
January 29, 2016
3:20 PM
South Room
Kenosha, WI
Purpose of the Talk
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Discuss the Features
and Benefits of Job
Hazard Analysis (JHA)
Help you understand
how to conduct a JHA
at your site
Help you understand
the information
gathered during the
JHA process to reduce
hazards, incidents and
injuries
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Topics
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Job Hazard Analysis (JHA)
Terms
Conducting a JHA
Job Risk Inventory – Form
Job Hazard Analysis – Form
Job Hazard Analysis – Review
JHA - Other Applications
Summary
To learn more about JHAs
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Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) - 1
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A method for studying a job in order to:
• Identify hazards
• Assess risk
• Develop controls, actions, solutions,
corrective actions - all have the same goal
in the end – protect people
• Controls:
• Engineering - best
• Administrative - training, procedures,
rules, etc.
• PPE – last line of defense
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Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) - 2
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JHA can also be called:
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Job Risk Assessment (JRA)
Job Safety Analysis (JSA)
Task Hazard Analysis (THA)
Risk Analysis and Evaluation (RAE), etc.
No OSHA Standard requiring JHAs
JHAs can be expanded to become a Job
Safety and Environmental Analysis (JSEA)
JHAs are an important part of risk
management.
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Occupational Safety & Health Act
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General Duty Clause § 5(a):
– (1) “Each employer … shall furnish … employment
… free from recognized hazards that are causing or
likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his
employees”
– (2) “shall comply with … safety and health
standards…”
– 29 USC 654(a)
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Goal § 6(b)(5):
– To ensure that “no employee will suffer material
impairment of health or functional capacity” from a
lifetime of occupational exposure
– 29 USC 655(b)(5)
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Terms - 1
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HAZARD:
An
existing or potential
condition that can
result in injuries,
property damage or
other losses
RISK:
The
likelihood, high or
low, that someone
or something will be
harmed by a hazard
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Terms - 2
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SAFETY:
Protected from
or unlikely to
cause danger,
risk, or injury.
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EHS Priorities
1.
2.
3.
4.
Protect people — employees, temporary
workers, contractors, suppliers, and
visitors
Protect the environment (natural and
human)
Protect the business from interruption and
loss of jobs
Protect the property from damage
Your goal is to keep people safe: even
one accident or incident is one too many.
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Job Hazard Analysis (JHA)
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JHA consists of four (4) phases:
1. Determine the job to be analyzed based on
potential hazards - can also call “risk.”
2. Break down the job into basic steps and the
sequence in which those steps are
performed.
3. Evaluate each step for safety, health and
environmental hazards.
4. Recommend solutions for each hazard
identified.
– Could also include environmental risks,
aspects, impacts, etc.
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JHA Benefits – Sales Job
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If hazards can be identified, anticipated,
and controlled, JHAs can reduce
incidents, injuries, illnesses by:
– Assessing operations in the work place
– Correcting uncontrolled hazards
– Establishing proper procedures
– Establishing OTJ training using JHAs
– Showing management’s commitment to a
safe workplace
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Job Hazard Analysis - Job
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In a JHA, a job is
a specific set of
activities which
accomplishes a
work goal.
It is NOT a:
• title
• position
• occupation
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Conducting a JHA - Phase 1
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Determine jobs to be analyzed.
A JHA should be performed on jobs that address the
following questions:
1. Has the job caused accidents in the past?
2. Has the job caused near misses in the past?
3. Does the job have a high potential to cause severe injury,
illness, property damage or environmental degradation?
4. Has the job had a high accident/incident frequency?
5. Does the job have a possibility of accident/incident?
6. Has the job undergone changes in processes, equipment or
procedures?
7. Could the job result in a spill, release, fire, explosion,
violation, etc.?
8. Is the job newly created?
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Conducting a JHA - Phase 1
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Look at:
A.
B.
C.
D.
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Exposure concerns
Potential consequences
Accident frequency
Operation or equipment change
Rate the job: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
While this may be a subjective process, try to
reach group consensus.
• While the group could be a 2-person team, try to
get consensus of entire team.
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Document on a Job Risk Inventory – Form
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Job Risk Inventory - Form
JOB RISK INVENTORY
Department:
Completed By:
Date Originated:
Date Revised:
INSTRUCTIONS: This form should be completed by department managers, supervisors or key operators. Record all jobs performed in your department.
For each job, assign a risk rating (0-4) in each of the four categories (A-D). Jobs rated a “4” in any single category, or jobs with a total score of “8” or
higher, should undergo a Job Hazard Analysis as soon as possible.
A.
EXPOSURE CONCERNS:
Mechanical: Machine guarding, moving parts,
energized equipment
Chemical: Hazard Rating
Ergonomic: Lifting, bending, straining, repetitive
motion
Environmental: Chemical releases
Physical: Noise, heat, light
0=None
1=Slight; Haz.Code 1
2=Moderate; Haz. Code 2
3=Major; Haz. Code 3
4=Fatal or catastrophic; Haz. Code 4
B. EXPOSURE CONSEQUENCES
C. ACCIDENT/INCIDENT FREQUENCY
(Potential)
0=No injuries/illnesses/chemical releases are likely to
occur
1=First Aid treatments or releases with minor
consequences could occur
2=Medical treatments or releases with moderate
consequences could occur
3=Medical treatments with lost time or releases
with serious consequences could occur
4=Death or releases with catastrophic consequences
could occur
JOB BEING ANALYZED
(History within last five years)
0=None
1=One accident/incident has occurred
2=Two accidents/incidents have occurred
3=Three accidents/incidents have occurred
4=More than three accident/incident have occurred
D. OPERATION OR EQUIPMENT CHANGE
0=None
1=Minor change: rearrange equipment
2=Moderate change: new chemicals but same
formula; new tools
3=Major change: new equipment, new product
or formula change
4=New Job
RISK RATING
TOTAL SCORE
1.
______________________________________________________________
A)_____B)_____C)_____D)_____
_____
2.
______________________________________________________________
A)_____B)_____C)_____D)_____
_____
3.
____________________________________________________ __________
A)_____B)_____C)_____D)_____
_____
4.
______________________________________________________________
A)_____B)_____C)_____D)_____
_____
5.
______________________________________________________________
A)_____B)_____C)_____D)_____
_____
6.
______________________________________________________________
A)_____B)_____C)_____D)_____
_____
7.
______________________________________________________________
A)_____B)_____C)_____D)_____
_____
8.
______________________________________________________ ________
A)_____B)_____C)_____D)_____
_____
9.
______________________________________________________________
A)_____B)_____C)_____D)_____
_____
10. ______________________________________________________________
A)_____B)_____C)_____D)_____
_____
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Conducting a JHA - Phase 2
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Break down the job into basic steps.
The steps should:
• Describe what is done now:
• Not how it was done in past.
• How should it be done?
• Be in sequential order
• Avoid too much detail - 5-15 steps may be
adequate.
• Avoid generalities - do not omit steps or use vague
descriptions.
• Begin with an action verb, e.g., remove, attach, etc.
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Job Hazard Analysis – Form
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Conducting a JHA - Phase 2
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Determine basic job steps through direct
observation:
• Select a job and an employee who performs that
job.
• Brief the employee on the purpose of the
observation – get his/her input.
• Study the job, not the performance.
• Write down everything performed by the employee.
Pay special attention to changes in activity.
• Review your break-down with the employee.
• Record the break-down of steps on the JHA form.
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Conducting a JHA - Phase 2
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Determine basic job steps using
discussion method:
• Select a group of employees that perform
the job in question.
• Ask the group to explain their activities.
• Break down the job steps on the JHA form.
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Direct observation may be preferable.
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Conducting a JHA – Phase 3
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Evaluate each step for
hazards:
• Examine each step for
actions or conditions that
could possibly cause an
accident.
• The goal is to identify all
hazards, whether they are a
result of an unsafe act,
behavior, or condition.
• May have more than one
hazard per step
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Can the hazard be
eliminated?
• If it cannot be eliminated, it
needs to be controlled.
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Conducting a JHA – Phase 3
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Hazards are usually either chemical, physical/mechanical or
ergonomic.
Ask:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Is the employee at risk of exposure to hazardous substances and
conditions, such as chemicals, gasses, mists, fumes, vapors, heat, noise,
radiation or containment?
Is the employee exposed to hazardous tools and equipment?
Is the employee in danger of being struck by a falling or flying object?
Can the employee strain himself or herself by pushing, pulling, lifting,
bending or twisting?
Can the employee fall, slip or trip?
Can the employee get caught in, by or between objects?
Is there danger of explosion, fire, and electrical shock?
Is the ventilation and lighting adequate?
Are there repetitive motion activities?
Could the job result in a spill, release, waste generation, etc.?
Could the job result in property damage, loss, etc.?
Could the job result in a governmental violation, etc.?
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Conducting a JHA – Phase 3
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Identifying hazards
– What could go wrong?
– What are the consequences?
– How could it happen?
– Are there contributing factors?
– What is the likelihood of occurrence?
– What is the significance of
occurrence?
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Conducting a JHA – Phase 4
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Recommend solutions for the hazards identified:
• Procedure based: The job might be performed in another
way.
• Environment based: The work environment could be made
safer or alternative tools/equipment could be used.
• Method based: Less hazardous materials and PPE could be
used.
• Frequency based: The frequency of a step could be reduced.
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Remember your control hierarchy:
• Engineering
• Administrative
• PPE
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Conducting a JHA – Phase 5
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Completed JHAs
should be reviewed
by a supervisor,
department head
and EHS
professional.
Review completed
and approved JHAs
with all employees
performing the job.
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JHA - Review
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JHA Consists of four (4) phases:
1. Determine the job to be analyzed based
on potential hazards (can also call “risk”).
2. Break down the job into basic steps and
the sequence in which those steps are.
performed.
3. Evaluate each step for safety, health and
environmental hazards.
4. Recommend solutions for each hazard
identified.
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JHA – “Other” Applications
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Training tool:
• Inform new employees how to perform in safe,
efficient way.
• Educate new employees about basic
job steps.
• Instruct employees involved in irregular or
infrequent jobs.
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Improve job methods to enhance productivity.
Increase employee safety awareness.
Include environmental risks (JSEA)
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Weaknesses in JHA
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Can miss
environmental
exposures
– Can be overcome if
aware of this
limitation
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Limited by the
knowledge of people
doing the JHA
– Practice makes
perfect.
Summary - 1
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Job Hazard Analysis
(JHA):
– A method for
studying a job in
order to identify
existing or potential
hazards and develop
solutions to eliminate
or minimize those
hazards
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No OSHA Standard
for JHA
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Summary - 2
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Consider doing a JHA for every “routine” task.
– Keep it simple.
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Eventually will have a library of JHAs
List the tasks: step-by-step
List the hazards
List the controls
Revise JHA:
– If there is an incident involving the job
– If you realize step, hazard, or control missing
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Summary - 3
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To be most effective, JHAs should be:
• Understood, used and followed
• Shared
• Updated
• Reviewed immediately in the event
of an accident as a part of the incident
investigation
• Revised as appropriate
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Consider:
• Writing a JHA procedure (with forms)
• Conducting JHA training
• These can help institutionalize the JHA process.
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Summary - 4
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Job Hazard Analysis (JHA)
Terms
Conducting a JHA
Job Risk Inventory – Form
Job Hazard Analysis – Form
Job Hazard Analysis – Review
JHA - Other Applications
Summary
To learn more about JHAs
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To learn more about JHAs
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OSHA 3071: Job
Hazard Analysis
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Contact Information
Robert Evangelisti, P.E., CEA, CHMM, CSP
University of Wisconsin-Whitewater
OESH Department
Hyland Hall - 3423
800 West Main Street
Whitewater, WI 53190
UWW: 262-472-5423
Cell:
262-909-4299
evangelr@uww.edu
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