QOD: To prevent injury when pulling a nail, be sure the material holding the nail is what?
Braced securely before you pull
Agenda:
1. QOD & Measurement
2. PowerPoint – Hand Tools
3. Activity – Types & Uses of Hammers
4. Lab – Hand Saw and Measuring
5. Review
Standards:
AC-IFOS-4. Utilize basic hand and power tools in a professional and safe manner.

Introduction – Hand Tools
Standards:
AC-IFOS-4. Utilize basic hand and power tools in a professional and safe manner.
4.1 - Demonstrate knowledge of rules and regulations regarding the safe use of hand and power tools.
4.2 - Demonstrate knowledge of the care and maintenance of hand and power tools.
4.3 - Demonstrate knowledge of proper usage techniques of hand and power tools.
ELACC9-10SL4: Present information, findings, and supporting evidence clearly, concisely, and logically such that listeners can follow the line of reasoning and the organization, development, substance, and style are appropriate to purpose, audience, and task.

Hammers
•
Claw Hammer
–
Used to drive nails, wedges, and dowels.
•
Ball-Peen Hammer
–
Used with chisels and punches.
–
Used to reduce stress in welds by striking the joint as it cools.
–
The rounded end is used to round off rivets, align brackets, and perform other similar tasks.
•
Sledge Hammer
–
Used to drive posts or other large stakes.
–
Used to break up cast iron and concrete.

Hammers

Hammers

Hammers

Hammers

Ripping Bars and Nail Pullers
•
Ripping Bars and Nail Pullers
–
To prevent injury when pulling a nail, be sure the material holding the nail is braced securely before you pull.
–
When using prying tools, be sure to keep balanced footing and a firm grip on the tool.
•
Ripping Bars
–
Wrecking Bars
•
Used for heavy-duty dismantling of wood-work , such as tearing apart building frames or concrete forms.

Ripping Bars and Nail Pullers
•
Nail Pullers
– Cat’s Paw
•
Straight steel rod with a curved claw at one end.
•
Used to pull nails that have been driven flush with the surface or slightly below it.
–
Chisel Bars
•
Has a claw at each end and is ground to a chisel-like bevel on both ends.
•
Used like a claw hammer to pull nails.
–
Flat Bars
•
Has a nail slot at the end to pull nails out from tightly closed areas.
•
Can be used as a nail puller or as a small pry bar.

Ripping Bars and Nail Pullers

Activity:
Types and Uses of Hammers
Objective: Classify the appropriate use for each type of hammer.
Group Task: Prepare a Tree Map to classify each type of hammer. Be prepared to present work to the class (pp. 3.1 - 3.4).

CLASSIFYING
Tree Map

•
Which hammer is used to drive nails, wedges, and dowels?
•
Which hammer is used to reduce stress in welds by striking the joint as it cools?
•
Which tool is used to drive posts or other large stakes as well as to break up cast iron and concrete?
•
Which tool is used for heavy-duty dismantling of wood-work, such as tearing apart building frames or concrete forms?
•
Which tool is used to pull nails that have been driven flush with the surface or slightly below it?

QOD: What is the best way to prevent an injury when using a prying tool?
Be sure to keep balanced footing and a firm grip on the tool. Also be sure that the material holding the nail is secure.
Agenda:
1. QOD & Measurement
2. Hand Tools PowerPoint
3. Activity – Types of Chisels
4. Activity – Types of Pliers
5. Review
Standards:
AC-IFOS-4. Utilize basic hand and power tools in a professional and safe manner.

Chisels and Punches
•
Chisels have a sharpened, beveled edge and are used to cut and shape wood, stone, or metal.
–
There are two types: wood chisels and cold chisels
•
Punches are used to indent metal, drive pins, and align holes.
•
When working with punches and chisels, wear safety goggles, and do not use a chisel head or hammer that has become mushroomed or flattened.

Chisels and Punches
•
Wood Chisel
–
One common use for a wood chisel is to make a recess for a door hinge.
–
A mallet is used to strike a wood chisel.
–
Wood chisels are sharp and must be handled carefully.
•
Cold Chisel
–
Used to cut off rivets, nuts, and bolts.
–
A holding tool should be used to hold the chisel in place when striking it.

Chisels and Punches

Chisels and Punches

Chisels and Punches
•
Punches
–
Used to indent metal before you drill a hole, to drive pins, and to align holes in two parts that are mates.
–
Made of hardened and tempered steel.

•
Punches
Chisels and Punches

Screwdrivers
•
Screwdrivers
–
Used to tighten or remove screws from material
–
Most common
•
Slotted
•
Phillips
•
Do not use a screwdriver near live wires or as an electrical tester.

•
Types
Screwdrivers

Screwdrivers

Screwdrivers
•
A screwdriver has three distinct parts:
– handle
– shank
– blade, most blades are made of tempered steel

Pliers and Wire Cutters
•
Pliers can be thought of as a type of wrench.
– use pliers to hold, cut, and bend wire and soft metals.
•
Pliers should not be used on nuts and bolts, as pliers are likely to round the edges of the sixsided head, so that wrenches will no longer fit properly.
•
High-quality pliers are made of hardened steel.

Pliers and Wire Cutters
•
Slip-Joint (Combination) Pliers
–
Used to hold and bend wire and to grip and hold objects during assembly operations.
•
Long-Nose (Needle-Nose) Pliers
–
Used to get into tight places where other pliers will not reach or to grip parts that are too small to hold with your fingers.
•
Lineman Pliers (Side Cutters)
–
Used to cut heavy or large gauge wire and to hold work.

Pliers and Wire Cutters
•
Tongue-and-Groove Pliers
–
Have serrated teeth that are used to grip flat, square, round, or hexagonal shapes.
•
Locking Pliers
–
Used to grip firmly onto objects the way a vise does.

Pliers and Wire Cutters

Pliers and Wire Cutters

Activity:
Types of Chisels
Objective: Compare and contrast wood chisels and a cold chisels.
Group Task: Prepare a Double Bubble Map to compare and contrast wood chisels and cold chisels.
Be prepared to present work to the class (pp. 3.6 –
3.8).

COMPARING & CONTRASTING
Double Bubble Map

Activity:
Types of Pliers
Objective: Classify appropriate uses for each type of pliers.
Group Task: Prepare a Tree Map to classify each type of pliers. Be prepared to present work to the class (pp. 3.11 – 3.14).

CLASSIFYING
Tree Map

•
What is used to cut and shape wood, stone, or metal from material?
•
What pliers have serrated teeth that are used to grip flat, square, round, or hexagonal shapes?
•
What is used to indent metal before you drill a hole, to drive pins, and to align holes in two parts that are mates?
•
What is used to cut off rivets, nuts, and bolts?
•
When should you replace or repair a chisel head?
•
What must you not use near electrical live wires or as an electrical tester?

QOD: What is a sledge hammer used for in construction?
Drive posts or other large stakes
Agenda:
1. QOD & Measurement
2. Lab Procedures
3. Activity – Hammers and Nail Pullers
4. Review
Standards:
AC-IFOS-4. Utilize basic hand and power tools in a professional and safe manner.

Objective:
•
Demonstrate proper use of a claw hammer by nailing two 16dd nails into a piece of lumber.
• Demonstrate proper use of a cat’s claw by pulling two 16dd nails out of a piece of lumber.
Instructions:
1.
Each set of sawhorses has the required lumber to demonstrate the objective.
2.
Each group is to get one hammer and one cat’s claw from the tool cart.
3.
Get two 16dd nails for each student.
4.
Taking turns, each student within your group must nail and pull a minimum of two 16dd nails.
5.
Let me know when each student has completed the tasks within your group.
In your groups, get safety glasses and same colored hard hats and go to the lab.

QOD: Which pliers have serrated teeth that grip flat, square, or hexagonal objects?
Tongue-and-Groove
Agenda:
1. QOD & Measurement
2. Hand Tools PowerPoint
3. Activity – Types and Uses of Wrenches
4. Review
Standards:
AC-IFOS-4. Utilize basic hand and power tools in a professional and safe manner.

Wrenches
•
Non-adjustable wrenches
–
Open-end wrench
• has an opening at each end
–
Box-end wrench
• have six or twelve points
• they are easier to use because they provide a firmer grip and will not slip off the nut or bolt
–
Hex Key (Allen) wrench
• made to fit the socket of a hex head screw or bolt
• they are often used to tighten setscrews
–
Combination wrench
• have an open end on one end and a box end on the other

Wrenches
•
Nonadjustable wrenches

Wrenches
•
Striking wrench
– striking or slugging wrenches are made to be hit with a mallet or hammer.
– they are often used to loosen nuts and bolts that are stuck because of rust or corrosion.
– pull it toward you rather than pushing it away from you.

Wrenches
•
Striking wrenches

Wrenches
•
Adjustable wrenches
–
Pipe wrench & Spud Wrench
•
Pipe wrenches, also called monkey wrenches, are used to hold and turn threaded pipe.
•
The jaw is spring-loaded, so the wrench can be repositioned without readjusting the jaw.
–
Adjustable-end wrench
•
When using an adjustable wrench, adjust the jaws so they fit the head tightly and turn the wrench so you are putting pressure on the fixed jaw.

Wrenches
•
Adjustable wrenches

Sockets and Ratchets
•
Socket wrench sets include different combinations of sockets and ratchets that are used to turn the sockets.
–
Sockets = part that grips the nut or bolt
–
Ratchet = handles
•
Sockets come in different lengths.
–
The longer socket is called a deep socket because it is used when normal sockets will not reach down over the end of the bolt to grip the nut.

Sockets and Ratchets

Torque Wrenches
•
Torque wrench measures resistance to turning. Only used when a torque setting is specified for a particular bolt or nut.
–
Specifications stated in inch-pound or footpounds.
•
When using a torque wrench hold the head of the torque wrench with one hand to support the bolt and to make sure it is properly aligned.

Torque Wrenches

Torque Wrenches

Activity:
Types and Uses of Wrenches
Objective: Determine the appropriate use for each type of wrench.
Group Task: Prepare a Tree Map to classify each type of wrench. Be prepared to present your work to the class (pp. 3.??).

CLASSIFYING
Tree Map

• What type of wrench has six or twelve points and are easier to use because they provide a firmer grip and will not slip off the nut or bolt?
• Which wrench is used to loosen nuts and bolts that are stuck because of rust or corrosion?
• What is used when normal sockets will not reach down over the end of the bolt to grip the nut?
• Which wrench is used by holding the head of the wrench with one hand to support the bolt and to make sure it is properly aligned?

QOD: When is it appropriate to repair or replace a chisel?
When the head of the chisel has been mushroomed or flattened
Agenda:
1. QOD & Measurement
2. Activity – Handsaw, Chisel, Hammer & Square
3. Review
Standards:
AC-IFOS-4. Utilize basic hand and power tools in a professional and safe manner.

Objective:
•
Demonstrate proper use of a Hammer, Chisel, Handsaw , Square and
Measuring Tape.
Instructions:
1.
Using a tape measurer, square and a pencil - measure out a 6” piece of wood with a 2” square perfectly in the middle of the wood.
2.
Once you have laid out your project have me review your work then proceed to chisel, making a ¼” indention in the 2” square in the middle of the wood.
3.
When chiseling keep the beveled edge down and ALWAYS chisel away from you. Also, Chisel perpendicular to the grain of the wood.
4.
When you have completed chiseling, use a hand saw to cut your 6” board. ALWAYS cut on the waste end.

QOD: What should screw drivers never be used near?
Live wires
Agenda:
1. QOD & Measurement
2. Hand Tools - PP
3. Activity – Types & Uses of Squares
4. Review
Standards:
AC-IFOS-4. Utilize basic hand and power tools in a professional and safe manner.

Rules and Other Measuring Tools
•
Steel Rule
–
Usually 6 or 12 inches long, but longer sizes are available
•
Measuring Tape
–
Marked with the ½-inch, ¼-inch, 1 /
8
-inch, and 1 /
16
-inch markings
–
The concave (or curve) of a tape measure blade is designed to strengthen the blade and makes the tape easier to read when it is placed on a surface that needs to be marked
•
Wooden Folding Rule
–
Usually calibrated in 16ths of an inch.
–
It is better than a cloth or steel rule at measuring vertical distances because of it stiffness.
•
Laser Measuring Tool
–
Can be considered a battery-powered, electronic version of a tape measure.

Rules and Other Measuring Tools

Levels
•
Levels – used to determine how level a horizontal surface is and how plumb a vertical surface is.
–
Spirit Levels
• have three vials filled with alcohol to check for level and plumb.
• 2’ & 4’ Level
•
Torpedo Level
–
Laser Level – a single worker can accurately and quickly establish plumb, level or square measurements.

Levels
•
The spirit level has three vials filled with alcohol. The position of the air bubble in the vial indicates the degree of level or plumb.
•
If the air bubble is centered between the lines on the vial, the surface is level or plumb.
•
Keep in mind that the vials are fragile. If you abuse or drop your level, you may damage or dislodge the vials.

Levels

Levels
•
Laser levels are used to level foundations, establish slopes, square framing, and for a variety of other purposes.

Squares
•
Carpenter's Square
– Is the shape of an “L” and used to square up wall studs and sole plates.
–
Used mainly to square up sections of work such as wall studs or sole plates.
– It has a 24” blade and a 16” tongue, forming a right (90°) angle.
–
One side contains tables for calculating the lengths of rafters, as well useful formulas and other data
•
Rafter Angle Square, or Speed Square
–
Marked with degree gradation for fast and easy layout forming a right (90°) angle.
–
Specifically designed for laying out roofs and stairs
–
It is a combination tool consisting of a try square and framing square.

Squares
•
Try Square
–
Used mainly for woodworking to check lumber to see if it is warped or bowed
–
Check square of a cut or adjoining surface
–
Is a fixed 90° angle used to lay out cutting lines
•
Combination Square
–
Used for making 90 and 45 degree cuts, check level and plumb surface.
–
Has a moving head that can be slid along the blade
–
Can be use as a straightedge, or to mark 45 and 90° angles.

Squares

Squares

Squares

Activity:
Types & Uses of Squares
Objective: Determine the appropriate use for each type of Square.
Group Task: Prepare a Tree Map to classify the uses of each type of Square. Be prepared to present your work to the class.

CLASSIFYING
Tree Map

• Which measuring tool is rigid, so it can be used to measure vertical distances without bending?
• Which type of square is shaped like an “L” and used to square up wall studs and sole plates?
• Which type of square has a combination protractor, try square, framing square and is used to mark lumber for cuts?
• What is it called when levels are used to determine accuracy of a horizontal surface?
• What is it called when levels are used to determine accuracy of a vertical surface?
• What are the three vials on a level filled with to check for level and plumb?

QOD: What are 4 different types of squares?
Carpenter’s, Speed, Combination and Try Square.
Agenda:
1. QOD & Measurement
2. Hand Tools - PP
3. Activity – Types & Uses of Saws
4. Review
Standards:
AC-IFOS-4. Utilize basic hand and power tools in a professional and safe manner.

Plumb Bob
•
Plumb Bob
–
A pointed weight attached to a string and it uses the force of gravity to make the line hang vertical, or plumb.
–
Some chalk lines are made to double as plumb bobs.
–
Used to make sure a wall or door jamb is vertical, or plumb. Or to place a post under a beam.

Plumb Bob

Plumb Bob

Chalk Lines
•
Chalk Line
–
A piece of string or cord that is coated with chalk used to mark a straight line.
–
Mechanical chalk lines like the ones shown are filled with chalk and automatically chalk the line for each use.
–
Some mechanical chalk lines are pointed, so they can double as a plumb bob.

Chalk Lines
•
To use, stretch the line tightly between to points and then snap it to release a chalky line to the surface.

Utility Knives
•
Utility Knife
–
Retractable blade are the safest.
–
Always place something under the object you are cutting to protect the surface material.
–
Used for cutting the following material:
•
Roofing felt and asphalt roofing
•
Vinyl or linoleum floors
•
Fiber board
•
Gypsum board
•
Insulation
•
Cardboard

Utility Knives

Saws
•
Backsaw
–
Used for cutting joints, especially miter joints and tenons.
•
Compass, or Keyhole, saw
–
Can fit into tight places.
–
Used to cut curves quickly in wood, plywood, or wall board.
•
Coping saw
–
U-shaped frame so it can cut at angles.
–
Has a very narrow, flexible blade
–
Used to cut irregular shaped molding and make it fit together.

Saws
•
Drywall saw
–
It is long and narrow and it is used to cut softer building material, such as drywall.
•
Hacksaw
–
Used to cut through metal such as nails, bolts and pipes.
–
The teeth of a hacksaw blade must face away from the handle.
–
Designed to cut on the push stroke and not on the pull stroke.

Saws
•
Handsaw - used for cutting wood
–
Crosscut Saw
•
Used to cut across the grain, the direction of the fibers, of the wood.
–
Ripsaw
•
Used to cut with the grain, parallel to the wood fibers, of the wood
•
Saw Safety and Maintenance:
–
Brace yourself on the last stroke when sawing so you are not thrown off balance on the last stroke.
– Don’t let the saw teeth come in contact with stone, concrete, or metal.

Saws

•
Kerf Cut
Saws

Activity:
Types & Uses of Saws
Objective: Determine the appropriate use for each type of Saw.
Group Task: Prepare a Tree Map to classify the uses of each type of Saw. Be prepared to present your work to the class (pp. 3.27 – 3.29).

CLASSIFYING
Tree Map

• What is a difference between a hacksaw and a handsaw?
• What is the safest type of Utility Knife to use?
• What is an important step when using a Utility
Knife?
• What is a Plumb Bob used for?
• What is a Chalk Line used for?
• What is a Kerf cut?

QOD: Which saw is used to cut curves quickly in wood, plywood, or wall board?
Compass Saw
Agenda:
1. QOD & Measurement
2. Activity – Handsaw, Chisel, Hammer & Square
3. Review
Standards:
AC-IFOS-4. Utilize basic hand and power tools in a professional and safe manner.

Objective:
•
Demonstrate proper use of a Hammer, Chisel, Handsaw, Square and
Measuring Tape.
Instructions:
1.
Using a tape measurer, square and a pencil - measure out a 6” piece of wood with a 2” square perfectly in the middle of the wood.
2.
Once you have laid out your project have me review your work then proceed to chisel, making a ¼” indention in the 2” square in the middle of the wood.
3.
When chiseling keep the beveled edge down and ALWAYS chisel away from you. Also, Chisel perpendicular to the grain of the wood.
4.
When you have completed chiseling, use a hand saw to cut your 6” board. ALWAYS cut on the waste end.

QOD: What are some safety rules for a utility knife?
Retractable blade is safest & protect the surface material
Agenda:
1. QOD & Measurement
2. Hand Tools – PP
3. Activity – Types & Uses of Clamps
4. Review
Standards:
AC-IFOS-4. Utilize basic hand and power tools in a professional and safe manner.

Files and Rasps
•
Files
–
Used to cut, smooth, or shape metal parts and to sharpen many tools
–
Have slanting rows of teeth
–
Classified by the cut of their teeth
•
Rasps
–
Have individual teeth
–
Classified by the size of their teeth

Files and Rasps

Files and Rasps
•
File Card
–
After you have used a file, brush the filing from between the teeth with a file card, pushing in the same direction as the line of the teeth

Clamps
•
C-clamp
–
Used to hold material between the metal jaw of the frame and the shoe.
•
Locking C-clamp
–
A knob in the handle controls the width and tension of the jaws, works like locking pliers.
•
Spring clamp
–
Simply squeeze the handles of the clamp and insert the jaws onto the desired material.

Clamps
•
Bar clamp
–
It has a fixed jaw at one end and a sliding jaw with a spring locking device that moves along the bar.
•
Quick Grip bar clamp
–
Specifically designed to allow you to squeeze up to 600 pounds of force with one hand.
•
Pipe clamp
–
Much like a bar clamp, but with a pipe instead of a bar.

Clamps
•
Hand-screw Clamp
–
Can spread pressure over a wider area than most clamps and each jaw works independently.
•
Web clamp
–
Uses a band to apply even pressure around a piece of material.
•
Always discard clamps with bent frames.

Clamps

Clamps

Clamps

Clamps
•
When clamping wood or other soft material:
–
You should use pads or thin blocks of wood between the clamp and the work.
–
Do not apply excessive pressure to a clamp.
–
Clamps with bent frames must be discarded.

Chain Falls and Come-Alongs
•
Chain Fall
–
Used to safely move heavy loads.
–
It is a chain-and-tackle device used to hoist loads.
–
A chain fall has an automatic brake that holds the load after it has been lifted. The brake holds the load until the lowering chain is pulled.
–
Manual chain falls are operated by hand, but some have electric drive motors that are operated from an electrical control box.
–
Some lubrication of a chain fall or come-along may be required. If so, be very careful not to get any lubricant on the clutches.

Chain Falls and Come-Alongs

Chain Falls and Come-Alongs
•
Come-Along
–
Used to drag loads and never to lift objects. It does not have the necessary safety features.
–
Come- alongs, also called cable pullers, use a ratcheting handle to move heavy loads horizontally over short distances. They can support up to 6 tons.
–
One end of the come-along is secured to a stationary object; the other end is connected to the object to be moved.
–
Once the connections are made, the ratchet handle is used to take up the chain or cable and move the object.
–
Some lubrication of a chain fall or come-along may be required. If so, be very careful not to get any lubricant on the clutches.

Chain Falls and Come-Alongs

Shovels and Picks
•
Shovels
–
Round – used to dig holes or remove large amounts of soil.
–
Square – Used to move gravel or clean up construction debris.
–
Spade – used to move large amounts of soil or dig trenches that need smooth, straight edges.
•
Picks
–
Used to break hard or rocky soil, to level out stones and pavers, to chop tree roots, etc.
–
Be sure that the head of the pick is fixed firmly to the handle.

Shovels and Picks

Activity:
Types & Uses of Clamps
Objective: Determine the appropriate use for each type of Clamps.
Group Task: Prepare a Tree Map to classify the uses of each type of Clamp. Be prepared to present your work to the class.

CLASSIFYING
Tree Map

Activity:
Types & Uses of Shovels
Objective: Determine the appropriate use for each type of Shovels.
Group Task: Prepare a Tree Map to classify the uses of each type of Shovel. Be prepared to present your work to the class.

CLASSIFYING
Tree Map

Activity:
Chain Falls & Come-Alongs
Objective: Determine similarities and differences between a Chain Fall and Come-
Alongs.
Group Task: Prepare a Double Bubble Map to determine similarities and differences between
Chain Falls and Come-Alongs. Be prepared to present work to the class.

COMPARING & CONTRASTING
Double Bubble Map

• What is used to cut, smooth, or shape metal parts and to sharpen many tools?
• When must you discard a clamp?
• Which clamp has a fixed jaw at one end and a sliding jaw with a spring locking device that moves along the bar?
• Which clamp is specifically designed to allow you to squeeze up to 600 pounds of force with one hand?

• Which shovel is used to dig holes or remove large amounts of soil?
• Which shovel is used to move gravel or clean up construction debris?
• Which shovel is used to move large amounts of soil or dig trenches that need smooth, straight edges.
• What is used to break hard or rocky soil, to level out stones and pavers, to chop tree roots, etc?

QOD: When using this tool, be sure that the head is fixed firmly to the handle?
Pick
Agenda:
1. QOD & Measurement
2. Activity – Module Review Questions & Answers
3. Activity – Trade Term Quiz
4. Review
Standards:
AC-IFOS-4. Utilize basic hand and power tools in a professional and safe manner.

QOD: What is a socket used for?
To grip a nut or bolt
Agenda:
1. QOD & Measurement
2. Activity – Trade Term Quiz
3. Review
Standards:
AC-IFOS-4. Utilize basic hand and power tools in a professional and safe manner.

QOD: After lubricating and before using, what should you check a chain fall or come-along for?
To make sure that no lubricant got on the clutches
Agenda:
1. QOD & Measurement
2. Hand Tools – Study Guide
3. Review
Standards:
AC-IFOS-4. Utilize basic hand and power tools in a professional and safe manner.

QOD: When must you discard a chisel?
When the head is mushroomed
Agenda:
1. QOD & Measurement
2. Hand Tools – Study Guide
3. Hand Tools – Test
4. Review
Learning Target:
1. Test Day

Objective:
•
Identify and describe types of pliers, wire cutters and wrenches and be able to discuss them among the groups.
Instructions:
1.
A tool will be assigned to each group.
2.
Using your books, research the tool that has been given to your group.
3.
Select an expert within your group to rotate around to the other groups to explain to them the tool and its uses.
4.
Let me know when each student has completed the tasks within your group.