RUTGERS UNIVERSITY
BLOUSTEIN SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND PUBLIC POLICY
Urban Planning & Policy Development
970:660
Walking and Cycling
Civic Square Building, Room 369
Pucher, Nelessen, Dannemiller, and Van Hagen
Autumn 2011
Thursday mornings, 9:50-12:20
Walking and Cycling for Sustainable Cities
This seminar examines the important role of walking and cycling in improving the sustainability
and livability of cities. We start out with a brief overview of the many social and environmental
benefits of these non-motorized modes which justify giving them special consideration and
priority treatment in transport policy and planning. We then examine recent trends in walking
and cycling and differences among countries both in levels of walking and cycling and safety
rates. We also list, illustrate, and discuss the broad range of infrastructure, programs, and
policies that can be used to increase walking and cycling and make them safer ways to get
around our cities.
After that general introduction and overview, we examine in-depth case studies of about ten
cities in Europe and North America which have successfully promoted walking and cycling over
the past few decades. It is essential to view the overall package of measures in each city to see
how an integrated, comprehensive, long-term approach is necessary to really improve conditions
for walking and cycling enough to yield significant growth in walking and cycling levels. Most
cities have comprehensive long-range ped/bike plans, and you should be sure to examine those
carefully, since as practicing ped/bike planners, you may be asked to help develop or update such
plans for the city you work for. Long-range planning documents usually provide extensive
background information which would be useful for your city case studies. I have also uploaded a
huge amount of information for your city case studies to the Sakai website, organized by
continent and city. Students will form small groups to make presentations on about 5 cities in
Europe and 5 in North America. Each presentation will be about 30 minutes long, and all
together, the 10 city case study presentations will last two weeks.
On a Friday in early or mid October, we will take a full-day field trip to Philadelphia to tour the
recently expanded and improved walking and cycling facilities there. As of 2009, Philadelphia
has the highest bike share of work commuters of any of the ten largest US cities, and since it is
nearby, it makes sense to take a close look at what it has been doing. We would be guided by the
ped/bike planner for the City of Philadelphia, Charlie Carmalt, and the research director for the
Philadelphia Bicycling Coalition, John Boyle. In addition, Rich Bickel, the director of planning
for the Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission (the MPO for the Philadelphia area) has
invited us to lunch at their offices, where they would offer us a series of brief talks by their staff
of planners describing the various kinds of regional transportation and environmental planning
they do at DVRPC. We had intended a bike tour of Philadelphia, but everyone there has told me
that it would be extremely difficult coming up with 30 bikes for our class, and NJT and SEPTA
do not allow bikes on board during peak hours, so we cannot bring our own bikes with us. Thus,
it will be a combination walking and transit tour.
Prof. Nelessen will be leading the discussion of how urban design can promote walking and
cycling and contribute to the overall sustainability and livability of cities. For that part of the
course, students will be asked to do field work in the form of an observational exercise to help
visualize what works and what doesn't in terms of street design. For example, students might be
asked to go to a city and then pick two streets: one that is inviting for pedestrians and/or cyclists,
and one that is forbidding, dangerous, and unattractive. Students would then measure and sketch
cross-sections of each one, noting the lane widths, overall street/corridor widths, sidewalk
widths, etc. The sketch could be on AutoCAD or simply a rough hand sketch, as the idea would
not be to teach drawing skills, but to learn to better visualize street widths and types. Even
students who are less interested in the technical design of streets might benefit from a better
understanding of what works and what doesn't in terms of street design/width, which is an
important variable in terms of pedestrian and cycling activity. The assignment might also
involve a third sketch, which would be redesigning the street that doesn't work into something
that would be more inviting for pedestrians and cyclists.
Improved walking and cycling infrastructure is clearly a cornerstone of any successful policy
package. Thus, this seminar will give special emphasis to the issue of walking and cycling
facilities. For walking, that includes pedestrian plazas, sidewalks, crosswalks, mixed-used paths,
intersection treatments, traffic signals, car-free zones, and traffic calming of residential
neighborhoods. Cycling facilities include bike lanes, bike paths, sharrowed streets, traffic
calmed streets, intersection treatments, traffic signals, signage, bike parking, etc. For both
walking and cycling, overall urban design is crucial, and we will include considerations of urban
design in our examination of infrastructure measures. Complete streets are an example of a
comprehensive approach to roadway engineering and design that includes both specific walking
and cycling facilities as well as overall urban design.
We will invite guest speakers to lecture on some of the specifics of facility design and
engineering, but there are extensive resources available on the web which we have posted on the
Resources section of the Sakai site for this course (Ped Bike Seminar). These include websites
with exhaustive descriptions and illustrations of various types of facility design as well as videos
and simulations of different kinds of facilities. There is controversy over which designs are best.
The AASHTO guidelines for ped/bike facilities in the USA, for example, tend to be rather
conservative and highway oriented, while the new NACTO guidelines are more innovative and
more sensitive to the different needs of pedestrians and cyclists in urban environments. The
Dutch CROW guidelines are yet more progressive in giving more traffic priority and roadway
space to pedestrians and cyclists. We will examine the alternative designs so that you know
what you have to choose from and what the advantages and disadvantages of the various designs
are. But we will mainly rely on the NACTO and Dutch design guidelines.
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A few weeks into the semester, while we are still dealing with some of the background issues
and design guidelines, students will be asked to form groups and to choose very specific
corridors or intersections or neighborhoods to redesign to improve walking and cycling
conditions and the overall livability and urban environment. Most students will be working on
specific physical design projects of various sorts. But some students may prefer to work on
specific programs (Safe Routes to Schools, traffic calming, bike sharing, traffic education, police
enforcement, etc.). Whether teams work on physical planning or programmatic projects, they
must be specific. They can start off with a brief literature review, but should mostly entail very
specific applications to particular situations. For all sorts of reasons, we prefer that the projects
you choose be in the New Brunswick area or at least somewhere nearby in NJ, Philly, or New
York City. Exceptions are possible, but you should discuss those with the instructors. These
term projects are the main assignments for the course and will result in professional-quality
reports and final presentations toward the end of the semester. Clearly, however, those projects
will take many weeks, and while students are working on those projects, we will deal with a
range of related topics that are crucial to planning walking and cycling facilities. There will
probably be some intermediate assignments as well, e.g. related to the three weeks on the
design/engineering specifics of pedestrian and bicycling facility planning.
There are two basic goals of the course: 1) to provide students with a good overview of walking
and cycling trends, issues, and policies in international comparative perspective and 2) to provide
students with the practical information and tools to plan walking and cycling facilities and to
design streets, neighborhoods, and cities that encourage walking and cycling in a safe,
sustainable environment.
Course requirements:
As noted above, the main assignment in this seminar is the team project that groups of about
three students each will be preparing and presenting to the class at the end of the semester.
There are two components to the project output: a professional-quality, written report and a 30minute oral presentation during the last two weeks of the semester.
Earlier in the semester, groups of 2-3 students each will be presenting 30-minute case studies of
packages of coordinated policies to encourage cycling and walking in about ten cities. There is
some leeway in the choice of cities, but they will surely include at least the following: Portland,
Oregon; New York City; Philadelphia; Boulder (Colorado); Freiburg (Germany); Copenhagen
(Denmark). Other cities we might consider include: Amsterdam; Groningen (Netherlands);
Odense (Denmark); Muenster (Germany); Bogota (Colombia); Minneapolis; Barcelona (Spain);
Paris, London. I have posted extensive information on most of these cities in the Case Studies
folder of the Resources section of our Ped/Bike Seminar website for Sakai. But I would expect
students to go beyond those resources in most instances by searching for additional documents
and images available on the web. The PPT presentations should avoid slides with a lot of text
and focus instead on illustrations, maps, graphics, flow charts, short videos, and short listings of
key points. The key takeaway from each of the case study presentations should be what lessons
that city has to offer about ways to increase walking and cycling as well as making them safer
ways to get around.
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Students will have options to these group presentations of city case studies if they instead would
like to give 30 minute overview presentations of the following topics: traffic calming; bike
sharing; ped/bike funding; policy implementation; or other topics agreed upon in advance with
the instructors. Most students will be presenting city case studies, but I would like to provide
this option for special topics, if some students prefer that.
There will be field work assignments for the urban design section of the course taught by Prof.
Nelessen and for the complete streets/traffic calming and walking/cycling facility design part of
the course taught by Mike Dannemiller, who is a professional engineer and planner specializing
in facility design. They will determine the specifics of the field work assignments for their
topics, but those will also be required for all students, although there will obviously be leeway
for choice of specific sites, topics, and types of facilities. The goal of these very practical,
applied assignments is to give students a chance to apply some of the concepts and tools of urban
design, complete streets, traffic calming and ped/bike facility design in very specific situations.
Students will also be expected to keep their eyes out for current media reports in newspapers,
magazines, radio and TV, and other media outlets relating to bicycling and walking policies,
funding, trends, safety, etc. I have set up a special Discussion section on the Sakai website for
this course for students to POST current media articles. I would ask each student to post at least
two such ped/bike media articles during the course of the semester, and to write up a very brief
discussion of the relevance and importance of the article to our course. I am also asking all
students in the course to regularly check that Discussion section for articles that are posted by
other students. ALL students should also feel free to post responses/comments to any of the
current newspaper articles posted there, and you can do so with the “post reply” button at the
bottom left of the posted entry. And by the way, students can keep very well informed of current
events on walking and cycling in the New York region by checking the Streetsblog.com website,
which posts several articles everyday about these topics: http://www.streetsblog.org/. I would
prefer that you NOT choose articles on this blog for our Discussion section on Sakai, as this site
is specifically set up for many ped/bike articles every day. For our Discussion section, please
choose articles in mainstream media, if possible. But the Streetsblog site is a superb source of
information, although it obviously has a bias toward cycling, walking and transit, just like I do!
Course attendance and active class participation are required of all students.
Students are required to attend all classes during the semester, including those where other
students are making presentations. According to new university regulations, students missing a
class for any reason are required to notify the instructor in advance and to report the date and
specific reason for their absence on the new university attendance website:
https://sims.rutgers.edu/ssra/ . The Rutgers reporting system then automatically sends an email
to me. Rutgers University now requires us to include this absence reporting requirement on all
course syllabi.
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The approximate distribution of assignments toward the final course grade is:
1) group presentation of specific city case studies or overview topics: 20%
2) field work assignments in urban design and facility design: 25%
3) final project report and oral presentation: 40%
4) class participation and posting and discussion of current media reports on Sakai: 15%
The exact percentage distribution of points toward the overall course grade is subject to change,
as will be announced during the semester, when the number and nature of assignments is finally
determined. Due dates for each assignments will be announced as the semester progresses.
Students are expected to turn in assignments on time, and to ensure fairness among students, late
penalties will be assessed in proportion to the degree of lateness.
Academic integrity
Academic honesty and intellectual integrity are fundamental to the process of learning and to
evaluating academic performance. This is the responsibility of all members of the university, and
students share the responsibility for creating and maintaining an atmosphere of honesty and
integrity. If you have any doubt about what constitutes academic integrity, consult
http://teachx.rutgers.edu/integrity/policy.html.
For this course, it is important that students cite the sources of any information, photos, graphics,
text, etc. that you use in your presentations and papers. Direct quotations and verbatim citation
of text passages must be clearly indicated as such with quotation marks or indented formatting,
as shown in many guidebooks of style. And the sources of charts, graphs, photos, should also be
carefully referenced. Please do not go overboard in quoting extremely long passages. Try
instead to express things in your own words.
Syllabi and readings for ped/bike courses at other universities:
The corresponding ped/bike planning course syllabi for UC Berkeley, UC Davis, UNC Chapel
Hill, Portland State, Univ of Oregon, and the FHWA ped/bike course are all posted in the
Resources section of the Sakai website. See especially the three Word files for UC Berkeley,
which contain an extensive listing of many useful resources, often with URL weblinks. I have
not tried to include everything from these other university ped/bike course syllabi on the syllabus
and Sakai website for our Rutgers ped/bike seminar, but I have posted all of those other
university ped/bike syllabi and their related listings of resources onto our Sakai website for your
easy access and reference.
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Course Outline and Readings:
Week 1: History, background, international overview of walking and cycling
Pucher and Buehler, “Walking and Cycling for Healthy Cities,” Built Environment, December
2010, Vol. 36, No. 5, pp. 391-414.
<http://policy.rutgers.edu/faculty/pucher/BuiltEnvironment_WalkBike_10Dec2010.pdf>
Pucher, Buehler, and Seinen, “Bicycling Renaissance in North America? An Update and ReAssessment of Cycling Trends and Policies,” Transportation Research A, Vol. 45, No. 6, pp.
451-474.
<http://www.ecf.com/files/2/12/22/PucherBuehlerSeinen_BikeRenaissance_TRA2011.pdf>
Alliance for Biking and Walking, Bicycling and Walking in the United States: 2010
Benchmarking Report. PDF posted on Sakai. Also available at:
http://www.peoplepoweredmovement.org/benchmarking/
Pucher, Buehler, Merom, and Bauman, "Walking and Cycling in the United States, 2001-2009:
Evidence from the National Household Travel Surveys," American Journal of Public Health,
Vol. 101, Published online ahead of print May 5, 2011: e1–e8. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2010.300067.
<http://ajph.aphapublications.org/cgi/doi/10.2105/AJPH.2010.300067>
US Department of Transportation, “The National Bicycling and Walking Study: 15-Year Status
Report.” Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC, 2010, esp. pp. 1-9.
<http://katana.hsrc.unc.edu/cms/downloads/15-year_report.pdf >
Fietsberaad, “Bicycling Policies of the European Principals: Continuous and Integral,” Dutch
Bicycling Research Council, 2010, pp. 1-10.
http://www.fietsberaad.nl/library/repository/bestanden/Fietsberaad_publicatie7_Engels.pdf
US Department of Transportation, “The Need for Pedestrian and Bicyclist Mobility” and
“Bicycling and Walking in the USA Today,” in FHWA University Course on Pedestrian and
Bicycle Transportation, Washington, DC, July 2006. Lessons 1 and 2, pp. 1-30.
<http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/pedbike/05085/pdf/combinedlo.pdf>
John Pucher and Ralph Buehler, "Making Cycling Irresistible: Lessons from the Netherlands,
Denmark, and Germany," Transport Reviews, Vol. 28, No. 4, July 2008, pp.495-528.
http://policy.rutgers.edu/faculty/pucher/Irresistible.pdf
Week 1a: Funding and implementation of walking and cycling infrastructure and
programs
Note: We will not spend much time on this topic because the new federal transportation
legislation currently being negotiated in Congress will drastically change almost all aspects of
federal transport funding, especially for pedestrian and bicycling projects. Thus, we will only
very briefly summarize what the past situation has been and stay tuned for the final details about
the new federal transportation law.
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McCann and Handy, “Regional Response to Federal Funding for Bicycle and Pedestrian
Projects,” Journal of the American Planning Association, Vol. 77, No. 1, winter 2011, pp. 23-38.
PDF posted on Sakai in Implementation/Funding resource folder.
Pucher et al. “Bicycling Renaissance,” see pp. 456-457.
<http://www.ecf.com/files/2/12/22/PucherBuehlerSeinen_BikeRenaissance_TRA2011.pdf>
FHWA ped/bike course, pp. 7-10
USDOT, FHWA, “Bicycle and Pedestrian Provisions of the Federal-aid Program”
<http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/bikeped/bp-broch.htm>
USDOT, FHWA, “Pedestrian & Bicycle Program Activities -January 2011,”
<http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/bikeped/trb2011.htm>
USDOT, FHWA, “FHWA and FTA Funds that may be used for bicycle and pedestrian
<activities,” http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/hep/bkepedtble.htm>
Week 2: Health benefits and safety of walking and cycling
Pucher and Buehler, “Walking and Cycling for Healthy Cities,” Built Environment, December
2010, Vol. 36, No. 5, pp. 391-414.
http://policy.rutgers.edu/faculty/pucher/BuiltEnvironment_WalkBike_10Dec2010.pdf
Jacobsen and Rutter, “Cycling Safety,” in MIT Press cycling book Cycling for Sustainable
Transport, secure PDF posted on Sakai (need access password).
Garrard, Bauman, and Rissel, “Health Benefits of Cycling,” in MIT Press cycling book Cycling
for Sustainable Transport, secure PDF posted on Sakai (need access password).
Oja et al. “Health Benefits of Cycling: A Systematic Review,” Scandinavian Journal of Science
and Medicine in Sports, Vol. 21, 2011, pp. 496-509. PDF posted on Sakai.
Rojas-Rueda et al., “The Health Risks and Benefits of Cycling in Urban Environments
Compared with Car use: Health Impact Assessment Study,” British Medical Journal, 2011, pp.
1-8. PDF posted on Sakai.
“3 Way Street,” 3-minute video of very dangerous intersection in Manhattan, with many
ped/bike/car conflicts. <http://vimeo.com/24572222>
US Department of Transportation, “Pedestrian and Bicyclist Safety” in FHWA University Course
on Pedestrian and Bicycle Transportation, Washington, DC, July 2006. Lesson 3, pp. 31-50.
<http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/pedbike/05085/pdf/combinedlo.pdf>
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Transportation for America, Dangerous by Design 2011: Solving the Epidemic of Preventable
Pedestrian Deaths, excellent overview of pedestrian dangers in USA, especially arising from
roadway design and lack of planning for pedestrians. PDF of full report posted on Sakai.
U.S. Department of Transportation. How to Develop a Pedestrian Safety Action Plan, March
2009. Available online: http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/ped_bike/docs/fhwasa0512.pdf. (skim
document)
John Pucher, Ralph Buehler, David Bassett, and Andy Dannenberg, "Walking and Cycling to
Health: Recent Evidence from City, State, and International Comparisons," American Journal of
Public Health, Vol. 100, No. 10, 2010, pp. 1986-1992. PDF posted on Sakai.
John Pucher, Ralph Buehler, Dafna Merom, and Adrian Bauman, "Walking and Cycling in the
United States, 2001-2009: Evidence from the National Household Travel Surveys," American
Journal of Public Health, Vol. 101, No. 10, October 2011. PDF posted on Sakai.
Week 3: Walking and Cycling for Everyone: Special Consideration for Children, Seniors,
Women and Persons with Disabilities
Garrard, Handy, and Dill, “Women and Cycling,” in MIT Press cycling book Cycling for
Sustainable Transport, secure PDF posted on Sakai (need access password).
McDonald, “Children and Cycling,” in MIT Press cycling book Cycling for Sustainable
Transport, secure PDF posted on Sakai (need access password).
McDonald, Brown, Marchetti, Pedroso, “U.S. School Travel 2009: An Assessment of Trends,”
American Journal of Preventive Medicine, Vol. 41, No. 2, August 2011, pp 146-151. PDF
posted on Sakai website.
US Department of Transportation, “Pedestrian Characteristics: Special Needs of Children,
Seniors, Mobility-Impaired/Disabled” in FHWA University Course on Pedestrian and Bicycle
Transportation, Washington, DC, July 2006. Lesson 8, pp. 113-127. Posted on Sakai.
<http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/pedbike/05085/pdf/combinedlo.pdf>
[additional readings to be suggested by Leigh Ann Van Hagen]
Weeks 4 and 5: City Case Studies of Comprehensive, Coordinated Packages of Policies to
Promote Walking and Cycling in Europe and North America
Fietsberaad (Dutch Bicycling Council), Bicycle Policies in Europe: Continuous and Integral.
2010. Detailed, illustrated, superb city case studies of 12 successful cycling cities in Europe.
http://www.fietsberaad.nl/library/repository/bestanden/Fietsberaad_publicatie7_Engels.pdf
Pucher and Buehler, “At the Frontiers of Cycling: Policy Innovations in the Netherlands,
Denmark, and Germany,” World Transport Policy and Practice, 2007. Detailed, illustrated case
studies of cycling in Amsterdam, Copenhagen, Berlin, Groningen, Odense, and Muenster.
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<http://www.eco-logica.co.uk/pdf/wtpp13.3.pdf>
Buehler and Pucher, “Sustainable Transport in Freiburg, Germany,” International Journal of
Sustainable Transport, January 2011. Very detailed case study of Germany’s most sustainable
city! http://policy.rutgers.edu/faculty/pucher/Freiburg_IJST_BuehlerPucher.pdf
John Pucher, Lewis Thorwaldson, Ralph Buehler, and Nick Klein, “Cycling in New York:
Innovative Policies at the Urban Frontier," World Transport Policy and Practice, Vol. 16,
summer, 2010. http://policy.rutgers.edu/faculty/pucher/CyclingNY.pdf
Josh Benson, NYCDOT, “Innovative Bike Facility Design in New York City: Street Design for
Bicyclist Safety and Comfort,” PPT talk presented at Toronto conference, 2009. PPT file posted
on Sakai.
Mike Flynn, “New York City Bike Plan,” PPT on preparation of a bike plan by the director of
NYCDOT infrastructure planning. Posted on Sakai as “Bike Master Planning NYCDOT”
Philadelphia Bicycling Coalition, Mode Shift: Philadelphia’s Two-Wheeled Revolution in
Progress. Report on cycling trends, policies, and bikeways in Philly. Accessible at:
http://www.bicyclecoalition.org/files/MODE%20SHIFT%20REPORT.pdf
Roger Geller, “Portland Bicycle Plan for 2030: Building on Success,” Oregon ITE Conference,
March 2010. Truly SUPERB PPT talk about multi-faceted program in Portland. PDF on Sakai.
Roger Geller, “Built it and they will come: Case study of bicycling policies in Portland.” Superb
summary of all that Portland has done to promote cycling. PDF posted on Sakai.
Streetsfilms on Portland, Oregon:
<http://www.streetfilms.org/portland-celebrating-americas-most-livable-city/>
Streetsfilms on Copenhagen:
http://www.streetfilms.org/copenhagen%E2%80%99s-climate-friendly-bike-friendly-streets/
Week 6: Urban Design and Land Use to Facilitate Walking and Cycling
Forsyth and Krizek, “Urban Design: Is there a Distinctive View from the Bicycle?” Journal of
Urban Design, January 2011. PDF posted on Sakai.
US Department of Transportation, “Land Use Regulations to Encourage Nonmotorized Travel,”
“Traditional Neighborhood Design” and “Adapting Suburban Communities for Bicycle and
Pedestrian Travel,” in FHWA University Course on Pedestrian and Bicycle Transportation,
Washington, DC, July 2006. Lessons 5-7, pp. 75-110. Posted on Sakai.
<http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/pedbike/05085/pdf/combinedlo.pdf>
Transportation Research Board. 2005. Does the Built Environment Influence Physical Activity?
Examining the Evidence. Washington D.C. (Please just skim this, as it is a very long.)
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Accessible at: http://trb.org/news/blurb_detail.asp?id=4536
[additional readings and related resources to be suggested by Tony Nelessen]
Week 7: Complete Streets and Traffic Calming
McCann and Rynne, eds., Complete Streets: Best Policy and Implementation Practices.
American Planning Association.
<http://www.completestreets.org/webdocs/resources/cs-bestpractices-chapter5.pdf>
National Complete Streets Coalition, Introduction to Complete Streets, comprehensive PPT with
excellent overview on complete streets.
<http://completestreets.org/webdocs/resources/cs-intro.pptx>
National Complete Streets Coalition, Complete Streets Policy Analysis 2010: A Story of
Growing Strength. <http://www.completestreets.org/webdocs/resources/cs-policyanalysis.pdf>
NJDOT, Complete Streets in New Jersey, PPT specifically about complete streets in NJ.
PPT posted on Sakai.
FHWA ped/bike course: lesson 20
Streetfilms, “Complete Streets: It’s About More Than Bike Lanes”
<http://www.streetfilms.org/complete-streets-its-about-more-than-just-bike-lanes/>
[more resources to be added by Leigh Ann Van Hagen and Mike Dannemiller]
Week 8: Planning, Design, and Engineering of Pedestrian Facilities
FHWA ped/bike course, lessons 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 19, and 23
Transportation for America, Dangerous by Design 2011: Solving the Epidemic of Preventable
Pedestrian Deaths, excellent overview of pedestrian dangers in USA, especially arising from
roadway design and lack of planning for pedestrians. PDF of full report posted on Sakai.
U.S. Department of Transportation. How to Develop a Pedestrian Safety Action Plan, March
2009. Available online: http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/ped_bike/docs/fhwasa0512.pdf. (skim
document)
Clifton, K.J., A.D. Livi Smith, and D. Rodriguez. “The Development and Testing of an Audit
for the Pedestrian Environment,” Landscape and Urban Planning, Volume 80, 2007, pp. 95-110.
Posted as PDF on Sakai.
US Department of Transportation. Pedestrian and Bicycle Data Collection in United States
Communities: Quantifying Use, Surveying Users, and Documenting Facility Extent. Available
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online:
http://www.pedbikeinfo.org/pdf/casestudies/PBIC_Data_Collection_Case_Studies.pdf
US Department of Transportation. Guidebook on Methods to Estimate Non-Motorized Travel:
Overview of Methods. January 2005. Available online:
http://www.walkinginfo.org/rd/planning.cfm#data.
[additional resources to be suggested by Mike Dannemiller and Tony Nelessen]
Week 9: Planning, Design, and Engineering of Cycling Facilities
Furth, “Bicycling Infrastructure for Mass Cycling: A Transatlantic Comparison,” in MIT Press
cycling book Cycling for Sustainable Transport, secure PDF posted on Sakai (need access
password).
NACTO Urban Bikeway Design Guide, National Association of City Transportation Officials.
<http://nacto.org/cities-for-cycling/design-guide/>
FHWA ped/bike course, lessons 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, and 23
Fietsberaad (Dutch Cycling Council), Examples Bank: Best Practice for Cycling Facilities at
Intersections, Stretches of Road, and Bike Parking.
<http://www.fietsberaad.nl/index.cfm?lang=en&section=Voorbeeldenbank>
DuBose, “Physically Separated Bike Lanes: A Game Changer for Mode Split?” ITE Journal.
Posted on Sakai.
Flynn, “Developing a Bike Master Plan,” superb PPT by NYCDOT on the range of bike
facilities, choosing among them, and developing an overall bikeway plan. PPT posted on Sakai.
US Department of Transportation. Guidebook on Methods to Estimate Non-Motorized Travel:
Overview of Methods. January 2005. Available online:
http://www.walkinginfo.org/rd/planning.cfm#data.
Streetfilms, Physically Separated Bike Lanes, video. Posted on Sakai.
<http://www.streetfilms.org/physically-separated-bike-lanes/>
“Junction Design, the Cycle-Friendly Dutch Way,” superb 2 minute video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FlApbxLz6pA
“Utrecht Cycling,” superb 12 minute video of bike ride in Dutch city of Utrecht, explaining all
the features along the way.
<http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a6Gwn4UnaPM>
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“Cyclist Left Turns at Main Intersections in the Netherlands,” superb 6 minute video explaining
how Dutch handle intersections for cyclists.
<http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=67zoLM7l9os>
“Junction Design for Safer Cycling in the Netherlands”, superb 3 minute video
<http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rBwMRGxtZ9k>
“History of Cycle Paths in the Netherlands,” another superb video
<http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NrqG0DqkSlw>
See Sakai resources for a wide range of PPTs and videos on cycling facility design, including
examples of good design (Netherlands, Denmark, Portland) and bad design (LA, NYC)
[additional resources to be suggested by Mike Dannemiller]
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