<Arab>
Islam
Muslim
Muhammad
Bin Abdullah (571~652)
Allah (“The God”)
Mecca
Medina
Hijira
Umma
Caliph
Sharia
Quran
Hadith/Sunnah
Kitaba (Mukataba(
Muthasis Market official
Muntasis
Ali ibn Muhammad
Zanj
Zanj Rebellion (869~883)
Mukhtara
Muwaffaq
Mamluk
Sultan
Ipsimission
Iltumish (1211~1236)
Razia Sultana
Slah al-Din (1138~1193)
(Shangrat al-Durr)
Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt
Crisis of 861
Slavery society – Islam
Islam didn’t have problem with slavery
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Accepted slavery as a part of social landscape
Religion treat slavery well
Market Officials
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2 ways to enslave
o Born slave
o Captured in war (non-islam)
 To make sure the safety of the slaves
Unlike Greek /Rome
o Under age of 7 child can’t be separated from their mother.
What slaves did they do?
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Female
o Domestics (Avg ppl) – Most work
o Entertainers (wealthy people)
o Concubine (display of wealth)
o 4 wives : Material equally, love equally
o Could be free by master to get marry her master
 Become free
 Gain will
Male
o Domestics
o Urban labor
o Trades
o Eunuchs (Iberian, Guiding concubine), Military Slaves
 Agriculture to 9th
 Sugar plantation turning swap to farmland
 Zhanj (rose up in 7th ce, again in 1869)
 Ali-iban Muhammad
o 15000 Zhanj followed him : Rebellion
o Zhanji set up a captital city in a swamp called Mukhatara
o 871 Zhanj basra (city) moving towards Baghdad
o 880 Ali decides start taxing (drawback)
 Muwaffaq
o General against Zhanj
 Let them comeback
 Navy of swamp boat
o Zhanj cut off Ali’s head and give it to Muwaffaq
 Zhanj lost but it can be seen as successful because there were no more mass
plantation slaves.
 Mamluk (military slave)
 Age, occupation, religious tolerance, ownership
 Age: 8~12 (normal slaves: any age)
 Trained: two majors, Fighting + Administration
 Public slave (owned by the state: only to be owned by rulers/wannabe rulers)
 Had to become Muslim
Kitaba
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Draw up a contract
Mukathaba
-
become freed person and owns their master debt (=Operae in Rome)
Umayyd
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Only Arab
The Umayyad Caliphate was the second of the four Arab caliphates established after the death of
Muhammad
Abbasid Dynasty
o Islam Dynasty
o Fragmentation of central authority
Sultan
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Local rulers
Power
Over the period of time, get more power
o Caliph: less
Salah Al-Din
o Sultan of Egypt
o Crusade: # of Christian Armys sent to conquer the Area
o Key figure Militarily
o Jerusalem: change back& forth
o Set up Dynasty of Egypt
o Power handed down to his heir
Mamluk
o Who battles for the Islams
o Regular army/ Separate Mamluk (fight under Mamluk generals: many of them were Eunuchs)
Chrisis of 861
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Abbasid caliph
Mamluk generals killed Caliph – caused the crises
Ipsimission
-
A new form of manumission
When the slaves become free by virtue of become more powerful than their masters
Iltutmish (1211~1266)
-
He was a mamluk slave
His master sent them to conquer an area of Deli
o He completed the mission but stayed their and become a sultan
o Become more powerful than his master
Technically, on paper, no
A slave become more powerful then his master
Sultan -> Razai (took over her fathers power)
Sultanit: land of sultan
Sultan Shagrat al-Dur
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She was a mamluk
She had been a wife of one of (Salah al-Din Ayyab)
She married : become freed
Mamluk Dynasty in Egypt (1250~1512)
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Overthrown by Mongolian & Zingiskhan