COMPUTER AND RELATED
SERVICES IN THE
CARICOM SINGLE MARKET
AND ECONOMY (CSME)
Regional Symposium
15 -18 July, 2009
Dr. Camella Rhone
The Concept Paper
1. Defining Computer and Related Services
2. Digital divide issues
3. The Global Vision
4.The Region
5. Plan of Action
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Defining Computer and Related
Services
Computer &
Information Services
Sector
Computer
Services
Postal &
Courier
Services
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News
Agency
Services
Other
information
Provision
Services,
Information &
Communications
Services
Telecommunications
Services
The Manual on Statistics of
International Trade in Services (MSITS)
Computer & Information Services
Components
Computer
services
Hardware, Software, Consultancy, Data
processing, Maintenance & Repair of
equipment, Disaster recovery, Web page
hosting, Computer facilities management
News
Agency
Services
Provision of news, Photographs and
feature articles to media
Information
provision
Services
Database services, Database conception,
storage and dissemination, online and
through magnetic, optical and printed
media, Web search portals
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Communications Services Components
Postal and Courier Services
Miscellaneous local delivery, Postal services
related to delivery of letters, parcels, Post office
counter, Other postal, Courier
Telecommunications Services
Wired, wireless, satellite and online access services,
including voice, telex, telegraph, e-mail, EDI,
audiovisual services
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The Concept Paper
1. Defining Computer and Related Services
2. Digital divide issues
3. The Global Vision
4.The Region’s Comparative Advantage
5. Plan of Action
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Digital Divide Issues
… Access to information & communication
technologies as a fundamental human right;
… The skewed level of access to information,
via internet technology, and to activities based
around the creation, processing &
dissemination of information
… Technological ubiquity (reducing the adoption
lag time)
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Digital Divide measures…
Access (relevant/ up-to-date):
 Computing technology, including
mobile devices
 Internet
 “Always on” communications,
 New ubiquitous technologies
 Networked and interconnected
devices (e.g. fridge, television, vehicle,
garage door, etc…)
 Trained and certified human resource
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Digital Divide measures…
Use/Value Added/Reach of the Application
 Relevance of content & information
 Information provided on demand
 Convergence, future scalability of broadband Internet
and ubiquitous networks with current mobile services
 Quality of communication & monitoring capabilities
 Quality and focus of training
 Impact of ubiquity of information & communications
 Public policy issues – eg. consumer protection &
social inclusion.
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Global Digital Divide Issues…
The Millennium Development Goals A partnership between developed
countries and developing countries "to
create an environment (at national and
global levels), which is conducive to
development and the elimination of
poverty"….
2005 World Summit
Resolution adopted by the UN General Assembly - A/RES/60/1
http://www.un.org/millennium/declaration/ares552e.htm
http://www.un.org/Docs/journal/asp/ws.asp?m=A/RES/60/1
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Global Digital Divide Issues…
Millennium Declaration Targets
Goal 8 : Establish a Partner for Global Development
Target 8.F : In cooperation with the private sector,
make available the benefits of new technologies,
especially information and communications
Indicators :
8.14 Telephone lines per 100 population
8.15 Cellular subscribers per 100 population
8.16 Internet users per 100 population
Signed by 189 countries, including 147 heads of State and Government, in September 2000
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The Concept Paper…
1. Defining Computer and Related Services
2. Digital divide issues
3. The Global Vision
4.The Region’s Comparative Advantage
5. Plan of Action
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GLOBAL ISSUES …
Indicators :
Information Services
COMPUTER
SERVICES
NEWS
AGENCY
SERVICES
Telephone lines per 100 population
Cellular subscribers per 100 population
Internet users per 100 population
Internet Users –
500 million/ 80 % in developed World
Internet Access –
One (1) in every 50 people
in developed world
compared with
Communication Services
two (2) out of every five (5)
in the developed
POSTAL
world
INFORMATION
TELECOM’
AND
PROVISION
SERVICES
COURIER
SERVICES
SERVICES
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GLOBAL ISSUES …
Indicators :
Telephone lines per 100 population
Cellular subscribers per 100 population, Internet users per 100 population
Information Services
COMPUTER
SERVICES
NEWS
AGENCY
SERVICES
Internet use is dependent on:
Policy
Strategies that promote accessibility
Awareness
Computers
Computer literacy
Software and technology
Communication Services
INFORMATION
PROVISION
SERVICES
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POSTAL
AND
COURIER
SERVICES
(including other devices
& broadband capability)
that support
rapid data transfer
TELECOM’
and
SERVICES
empowering experiences
GLOBAL ISSUES …
Indicators :
Information Services
COMPUTER
SERVICES
NEWS Low
AGENCY
SERVICES
Telephone lines per 100 population
Cellular subscribers per 100 population;
Internet users per 100 population
penetration in Region related to:
Cost of computers
Broadband access
ICT Strategies to counter this
result in higher
Communication Services
percent Internet Users:
INFORMATION
PROVISION
SERVICES
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POSTAL
AND
COURIER
SERVICES
TELECOM’ Caribbean Average - 13%
Jamaica - 40 %
SERVICES
Barbados - 55%
United States - 80%
Computer services: Applications
Online Gaming – 22% Growth
One out of
every two
US internet
users visits
online game
sites
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Computer services:
Applications
Multimedia
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Computer services:
Applications
SOCIAL
NETWORKING
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Computer services:
Applications
MARKETING
RELATED
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Computer services: Applications
INTERACTIVE MARKETING
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Computer services:
Applications
MOBILE PHONE
WEBSITES
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Computer services:
OUTSOURCING
Demand for IT
Outsourcing
expected to decline
by 1.7 percent
according to
Gartner
Challenges to
• develop new
markets to target
• find new ways to
make it more cost
competitive (e.g. by
relocating with China now
rivalling India)
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Computer
services
Hardware, Software, Consultancy, Data
processing, Maintenance & Repair of equipment,
Disaster recovery, Web page hosting, Computer
facilities management
Caribbean Focus:
 ICT strategies in place or in development
 A cross-cutting issue –used generally to support
management, services, facilitate development and
manage multifaceted databases
 Used strategically in some sectors with intent to
maximise reach and create efficiencies; eg Education,
tourism,
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Computer
services
Hardware, Software, Consultancy, Data
processing, Maintenance & Repair of equipment,
Disaster recovery, Web page hosting, Computer
facilities management
Targeted Caribbean Focus….
 Training at professional level to support industry and
lifelong learning
 Training at post secondary/ tertiary levels to provide
personnel to service sectors
 Training at secondary school level to assure basic
computer literacy
 Computer labs in some primary schools
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Computer
services
Hardware, Software, Consultancy, Data
processing, Maintenance & Repair of equipment,
Disaster recovery, Web page hosting, Computer
facilities management
Targeted Caribbean Focus….
Some Regional Institutions making a difference
 University of the West Indies
 CARIMAC
 Caribbean Knowledge and Learning Network (CKLN)
 Caribbean Meteorological Organization (CMO)
 Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency
 CARICOM Centre for Development Administration
(CARICAD)
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New
Agency
Services
Provision of news, Photographs and
feature articles to media,
Basic human right - freedom of expression
Caribbean News Agency (CANA)
Caribbean Media Association (CMA)
Caribbean Mass Communications Centre (CARIMAC/UWI)
CPTC (Training in media practices)
 Advance mutual knowledge and understanding
through all means of mass communication
 Promote free flow of ideas by word and image.
 Promote media development, pluralism, original
content, freedom of and access to information
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New
Agency
Services
Provision of news, Photographs and
feature articles to media,
Multimedia databases for development
Content - low cost radio by local people in local languages;
community telecentre facilities (computers with Internet, e-mail,
phone, fax), to inform, educate, entertain
Community empowerment - gives a strong public voice to the
voiceless, and thus encouraging greater accountability in public
affairs
Open learning - can meet development needs in education and
training, health and income-generation
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Information
provision
Services
Database services, Database
conception, storage and
dissemination, online …..
‘…There are known knowns.
There are things we know that we know. There are
known unknowns. That is to say, there are things
that we now know we don’t know. But there are
also unknown unknowns. There are things we do
not know we don’t know…’
— Donald Rumsfeld, Pentagon Briefing, February 12, 2002
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Information
provision
Services
Database services, Database
conception, storage and
dissemination, online …..
Distribution Platforms Become More Significant –
Caribbean niche content distributed via Web Search
Portals that use their own unique search index to deliver
the most authentic results (for queries related to exclusive
Caribbean content (business, entertainment, news, training, etc))
Growth dependent on sustained
- Resources,
- Creativity and innovation,
- Trust,
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Information provision Services
Software Publishers: This industry comprises establishments
primarily engaged in computer software publishing or publishing
and reproduction. (Producing and distributing computer software,
designing, providing documentation, assisting in installation, and
providing support services to software purchasers.)
Computer Systems Design and Related Services:
Providing expertise in the field of information technologies through
(1) writing, modifying, testing, and supporting software to meet the
needs of a particular customer;
(2) planning and designing computer systems that integrate computer
hardware, software, and communication technologies;
(3) on-site management and operation of clients’ computer systems
and/or data processing facilities;
(4) other professional and technical computer-related advice and
services.
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Information provision Services ….
Information Services and Data Processing Services:
Establishments providing information, storing information,
providing access to information, and processing information
(news syndicates, libraries, archives, on-line information service
providers, and data processors)
Internet Publishing and Broadcasting:
Internet Publishing and Broadcasting - publish and/or broadcast
content exclusively for the Internet, . including text, audio, video,
and interactive features present in informational or cultural
products on the Internet (excludes Publishing Industries (except
Internet) and Broadcasting except Internet).
.
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Information provision Services ….
Internet Service Providers, Web Search Portals,
and Data Processing Services:
This sub-sector group provides access to the Internet;
search facilities for the Internet; data processing,
hosting, and related services
Other Information Services:
Industries in the Other Information Services sub-sector
group establishments supplying information, storing
information, providing access to information, and
searching and retrieving information.
The main components of this sub-sector are news
syndicates, libraries, and archives
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Information
provision
Services
NETWORKING APPLICATIONS
‘…By the end of 2011, 80 percent of active Internet users (and
Fortune 500 enterprises) will have a “second life,” but not necessarily
in Second Life:
First Law: The initial reaction….is to dismiss Second Life concepts as of no
benefit and something to be banned for wasting resources and time.
Second Law: Behind every avatar is a real person.
Third Law: Be relevant and add value.
Fourth Law: Understand and contain the downside
Fifth Law: This is a long haul’…’
(They add: “…Find enthusiasts within your enterprise and support them.
Understand the implications for access to open virtual platforms from within
the enterprise and the risks involved…,”)
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Gartner, Inc.,
2007
Information
provision
Services
NETWORKING APPLICATIONS –
e.g., Second Life (2007)
…McMaster University Libraries launched Second Life and
appointed a Digital Projects/ Web Librarian to develop immersive
learning/gaming environments, and to offer research help at its
virtual site on Second Life, the increasingly popular 3-D virtual
world created by its nearly six million residents…
The real space is computers that link to -
• The Library's catalogue
• Databases,
• The Mills Learning Commons site ,
• Individual pages for the various campus libraries,
• An interactive learning site.
• A Help Desk with an online avatar, or "virtually" (through IM
or e-mail),
• A space for virtual meetings.
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Information
provision
Services
NETWORKING APPLICATIONS –
VIRTUAL TECHNOLOGIES
Immersive Learning explores, creates, through a virtual
world
Virtual Technologies offer solutions in 3D
Architectural Visualization, Video Production, Web,
Multimedia and Software Development,
(eg. virtual reality medical simulators combine sight,
sound, and touch for highly effective training in minimally
invasive procedures)
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Information
provision
Services
GLOBAL SOCIAL NETWORKING
APPLICATIONS
Social Networks need revenue streams. Google
supports My Space through advertising (Estimated $300
million in 2007).
MySpace – Worldwide monthly page views were 38 billion in
April ’09, down 20% from 47.4 billion in April 08. (In June 09,
32.4 billion page views in U.S., decreasing half percent a week)
Facebook – Worldwide views grew from 44 billion in April
2008 to April 87 billion in April 2009, a roughly 100% increase.
There were 21.3 billion page views in June, a 12 percent
increase from May
Twitter –Latest networking application is growing in use.
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Impact Issues
Postal and Courier Services
Miscellaneous local delivery, Postal services related to delivery of letters,
parcels, Post office counter, Other postal, Courier
Privatization of Postal mail services
Courier services growing
Postal services Impacted by
• Electronic mail
• Text messaging,
• Twittering, etc
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Telecommunications Services
Impact Issues…
Wired, wireless, satellite and online access services,
including voice, telex, telegraph, e-mail, vice, EDI,
audiovisual services
Country’s Technological readiness (is measured by eight indicators,
four of which are directly related to the country’s networked readiness)
Laws related to ICT
Mobile telephone subscribers,
Internet users; personal computers and broadband internet
subscribers;
 Research and development and the diffusion of technology
(including Information technology) into productive value
added,
 The availability of latest technology,
 Firm level technological absorption;
and Related Services/
 Computer
FDI
and technology transfer
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


The Global Knowledge Economy --Multi-functionality –
The sector can serve a broad range of goals and
interest groups.
Collective intelligence –
Multiple sources of information, collective intelligence
support innovation and change
Interconnected networks of multiple interest
groups,
support faster transmission of ideas, contribute to the
increasing pace of change Policy should support this
process with the expectation that it will create new
products and services that satisfy social and economic
goals.
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The Global Knowledge Economy --Rapid emergence of new platform technologies
presents new social and economic opportunities.
Interconnectedness
Local production and livelihoods connected to/ impacted
by global preferences and trade standards through
international value chains.
Knowledge & use-related capacities as a new
source of comparative advantage
The access to knowledge for innovation is a new source
of comparative advantage and competitiveness for
developing countries.
Increasing rate and non-linearity of change
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The Global Knowledge Economy
(Examples)
Optical Chip Detects Blood Molecules
A portable ‘lab on a chip’ can identify target molecules in blood samples (European
researchers.) Being used to detect the genes associated with certain types of cancer.
Automated, secure document exchange
A security platform which turns email into the electronic equivalent of registered mail by
providing automated, secure document exchange, and a legally recognised
acknowledgement of receipt, electronic certificates and signatures, secure encryption
of information, as well as traceability, time-stamping and archiving of electronic
documents - (French-developed)
Virtual reality
(European researchers and industrialists)
Predictive powers- a robot that reads your intentions
European researchers in robotics, psychology and cognitive sciences have developed a
robot that can predict the intentions (anticipate (or question) actions) of its human
partner. ability to could make human-robot interactions more natural.
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The Global Knowledge Economy
(Examples)…
A quantum computer
Solving some fundamental obstacles blocking real quantum computing applications
in the short term. (European researchers)
Eye tracking software for persons with disabilities
Technology that allows gamers to control game functions with only their eyes is
helping to open virtual worlds to people with severe motor disabilities.
Beating the bullies: Changing the real word through
virtual experience
Social problems like bullying and stereotyping involve thoughts, feelings and
reactions that resist change. New research shows that when students play
active roles in virtual dramas their attitudes and behaviour can change.
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The Regional Knowledge Economy
Regional research, analysis and consultation (WINDS-LA
/CARIMAC UWI) identified 10 issues of common interest for
future cooperation in ICT research:
 ICT for social inclusion, accessibility, connectivity
 ICT for environment and biodiversity
 ICT solutions for sustainable use of natural resources
and for better management of ecosystems
 ICT and energy (optimising energy consumption & reducing
waste)
 e Health (personalised care solutions, patient safety, medical/health
imaging and mobility support, health systems management
improvement)
 Digital libraries and learning networks (with specific
attention to local cultural specifications and to linguistic diversity);
 Learning networks at different levels (school, universities,
Computer
and Related
Services/
informal
and
non conventional learning) to embed lifelong learning
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Regional Knowledge Economy --Security and prevention systems, self defending
networks: (strengthen security and dependability of key
infrastructures (energy production sites, transmission systems,
storage / distribution, ICT networks, banking / finance,
healthcare))
Grid computing, massive data processing, e-science
Software engineering (focus on web services Infrastructures,
particularly on on-demand software, open source applications)
Mobile/ubiquitous computing: (interoperability, flexibility of
mobile and broadband technologies, ubiquitous access, context
awareness; traffic processing between core and edge networks)
e Government & services to citizen: (ICT applications to
enhance interaction and transparency between citizens and
government)
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The Concept Paper…
1. Defining Computer and Related Services
2. Digital divide issues
3. The Global Vision
4.The Region
5. Plan of Action
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The Region’s Comparative
Advantage
POLICY
LEGAL
REGIONAL
ORGANISATI
ONS
OPERATIONAL
GOVERNM
ENT
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SERVICES
PROVIDERS/
ORGANISATI
ONS
The Region
The CARICOM Connectivity Agenda and Platform for
Action - provides a conceptual framework and general guidelines for
member states to implement ICT projects
National ICT strategies – to transform economies into knowledge
based societies, using ICT as foundation of education
Policies aim to use ICT
 To improve administrative processes,
 In government – e-government;
 To address the legal and regulatory frameworks
 Provide universal affordable access to ICT services
 Encourage electronic commerce,
 Support growth of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)
through the application of ICTs..
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The Region ….
National ICT Policies:
Have a sector focus – eg.
 Internet marketing, gaming, software development
Provide financial & social incentives to achieve
objectives.
Aim to  Establish Regional Centres of Information
Technology Excellence
 Facilitate e-commerce.
 Apply legislative measures eg for Computer
Misuse, Data Protection, Electronic Communications
and Transactions.
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The Region …
The model is as recommended for the 1980’s
environment.
ICT strategies hold governments responsible for –
 Promote universal internet access at affordable rates;
 Universal service support for free Internet access to
sectors – education, including public libraries, public
hospitals, clinics, senior citizens’ homes and orphanages.
 Protect intellectual property rights; security,
 Have interoperability and interconnection of information
systems;
 Secure privacy rights, and
 Develop technologically competent human resources.
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The Region …
The New Digital Economy –
 Supports and leverages convergence
 Empowers through new and networked digital
tecnologies.
 Shifts the balance of power from service
providers and public sector
 Places power in the hands of the consumers
and those who would use the technologies
E.g., Cloud computing is a style of computing in which
dynamically scalable and often virtualised resources are
provided as a service over the internet. Users need not
have knowledge of, expertise in, or control over the
technology infrastructure in the "cloud" that supports them.
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The Region’s …
In Cloud computing (Infrastructure in a Cloud), ITrelated capabilities are provided 'as a service' to
external customers using Internet technologies.
It generally incorporates combinations of the following:
Infrastructure as a service
The Platform as a service
The software as a service
(Common business applications are accessed from a web browser, while the
software and data are stored on the servers).
It is a way of using technology to achieve economies of
scale and offer self-service resources that are available
on demand.
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The Concept Paper…
1. Defining Computer and Related Services
2. Digital divide issues
3. The Global Vision
4.The Region’s Comparative Advantage
5. Plan of Action
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The Plan
POLICY ISSUE: ENABLE E-LEARNING & REDUCE THE DIGITAL DIVIDE
OBJECTIVE
PROCESS
ACTIONS
Workshop/ session with
Assist member
interest groups.
economies to take an
Expand
active interest in the Reporting on contributions
made to the GATS
opportunities
WTO services
process; WTO GATS
for partners to negotiations;
understanding Take specific actions commitments and
global e-service that can support the progress against
commitments; and
issues
participation of
progress toward elements
economies in the
of a fully liberalized sector,
WTO process.
and strategic objectives.
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The Plan…
POLICY ISSUE: ENABLE E-LEARNING & REDUCE THE DIGITAL DIVIDE..
OBJECTIVE
PROCESS
ACTIONS
Identify and
Establish a CARICOM benchmark existing
e-Learning Alliance
regional and country
Leverage publicprograms to facilitate
private partnerships;
an e-Learning Alliance
& ICT networks in
Establish publicprivate think tanks and CARICOM, to
narrowing the digital
advisory boards to
divide among the
provide policy
regions economies by
guidance to
sharing information
governments on how
and knowledge on
to implement eeducation in the
learning strategies at
region.
local and regional
levels;
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Invite business/ private
sector experts to
participate in IT-related
work programs
Implement projects to
facilitate sharing of
expertise in the use of
technology in education
Create IT Web Portal to
link with international
portals, for access to
information &
benchmark current
strategies on ICT
The Plan….
POLICY ISSUE: ENABLE E-LEARNING & REDUCE THE DIGITAL DIVIDE
OBJECTIVE
Develop flexible and
competitive pricing policies
& alternative rate
structures, Support open
standards and protocols to
allow greater Internet
accessibility for the
purpose of e-learning;
Promote affordable
access to technology by
lowering tariffs on the high
tech goods that are critical
for building the networks to
deliver
digital content and
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PROCESS
ACTIONS
Improve internet
traffic measurement
and charging
arrangement models
Adopt uniform
and encourage the
CARICOM principles adoption of
for international
commercially based
internet charging and and equitable
arrangements for
arrangements for
internet services.
Internet connectivity,
that reflect among
other issues, traffic
flows, costs and
benefits.
Making the strategic leap
POLICY ISSUE: ENABLE E-LEARNING & REDUCE THE DIGITAL DIVIDE
OBJECTIVE
PROCESS

 Support open standards
and protocols and invest in
infrastructure to allow greater
Internet access especially for
the purpose of e-learning;
Lower tariffs on the high tech
goods that are critical for
building the networks over
which digital content is
produced and delivered;
savings passed on to user
community;
Computer and Related Services/
Establish and
implement an open
regime for services
delivered over the
Internet for continued
open access to the
broader digital
Involve the
Intellectual property
departments to
assure intellectual
property protection
for digital content
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ACTIONS
Share open
software and
promote use to
establish network
of users.

Provide training
The Plan…
POLICY ISSUE: EXPAND E-GOVERNMENT BY PUTTING MORE INFORMATION
AND SERVICES ONLINE
OBJECTIVE
PROCESS
ACTIONS
Articulate a
regional vision and
implementation a
comprehensive
framework for egovernment
initiatives, to
reduce duplication,
and supported by
legal and
institutional
changes. Build on
existing
Computer and Related Services/
infrastructure.
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Provide guidance on:
e-government
applications; critical
issues; implementation
principles of egovernment. Establish
“paperless trading
goals” to reduce or
eliminate the need for
paper -based
documents in crossborder trade by 2012.
The Ministers with
responsibility for
Telecom’ and
Information to
monitor activities
in e-government,
indicate the
status, agree on a
three year work
plan; implement a
process for
measuring level of
achievement.
The Plan…
POLICY ISSUE: REMOVE INHIBITORS TO e-COMMERCE READINESS
OBJECTIVE
Support public-private
sector collaboration to
address and remove
inhibitors to rapid
growth in e-commerce
as identified in
assessments, and chart
progress using
international
benchmarks and
metrics.
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PROCESS
ACTIONS
Work with financial
Establish a Regional
institutions for
Electronic Commerce
acceptance of eSteering Group as an
signatures; sharing
e- Business Alliance
of information, etc.
The Plan…
POLICY ISSUE: PROMOTE ACCESS TO TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
OBJECTIVE
PROCESS
Establish a network of
regional IT Business
incubators, to assist
small start-up
companies and
entrepreneurs to
develop and
commercialize their IT
products and services,
and to sharing best
practices in assisting
growth-oriented
‘technology SMEs.”.
Determine e-business
preparedness of the regions
SMEs using international
benchmarks and on-line
diagnostic tools.
Design and deliver on-line
training for small business
in similar process.
Establish technology
centers of various kinds as
a critical mechanism for
technological innovation
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ACTIONS
Seek project funding to support the
creation of a favorable environment
for SME business cooperation and
commercialization of innovative
technologies in the Community.
Benchmark for guidance.
Support SMEs n implementing
Standards-Based Management
Systems for enhanced
competitiveness.
Other ..
ISSUE
PROCESS
Review and modernise
LEGISLATIVE/ POLICY
HUMAN RESOURCES
TECHNOLOGICAL
NEEDS
Revise training focus on
basis of forecasts and
global trends
Establish a Chair at an
appropriate
Technological/Research
institute to provide
continuing guidance on
training as based on new
technology directions
Establish partnerships and
CROSS SECTORAL
maintain dynamic networks
LINKAGES
Computer and Related Services/ with partners to drive
CRhone
ACTIONS
Benchmark modern model laws/
policies; Use to amend existing
legislation
Approve a list of skills and training
needs to encompass short,
medium and long term training
Develop the training modules for
certified professionals in the
relevant areas.
Identify funding to establish Chair
Thank you for your attention
Dr. Camella Rhone
camellarhone@gmail.com